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ABRIDGED 

STYLE MANUAL 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

ABRIDGED EDITION APPROVED 
BY PERMANENT CONFERENCE ON PRINTING 
APRIL 1933 


S'i-a t 4 I £T 





























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ABRIDGED 

STYLE MANUAL 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 


ISSUED BY THE PUBLIC PRINTER UNDER AUTHORITY 
OF SECTION 51 OF AN ACT OF CONGRESS 
APPROVED JANUARY 12, 1895 


ABRIDGED EDITION APPROVED 
BY PERMANENT CONFERENCE ON PRINTING 
APRIL 1933 



WASHINGTON : 1933 


For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 


Price 15 cents 








Government Printing Office Style Board 


Hermann B. Barnhart, Chairman 


Roscoe E. Baber 
Marion E. Bullock 
Victor M. Giffen 


William Graf 
Edward A. Huse 
Frank W. Kihlbom 


William A. Mitchell 


Departmental Advisory Board 

Henry D. Hubbard ( Chairman ), Department of Commerce 
Alice M. Ball, Department of State 

Bernard H. Lane, Department of the Interior 
Frank D. Smith, Department of Agriculture 
Webster P. True, Smithsonian Institution 


Under Direction of the Public Printer 


GEORGE H. CARTER 


II 


LIBRARY OfcCONGRESS 



DIVISION OF DOCUMENTS 













A) 

CO 



CONTENTS 

Page 


Suggestions to authors and editors_ 1 

Corrections in proofs_ 2 

Typographical errors_ 3 

Capitalization_ 15 

Proper names_ 16 

Derivatives of proper names_ 16 

Common nouns and adjectives in proper names_ 16 

Definite article in proper names_ 17 

Particles in names of persons_ 17 

Names of organized bodies_*. _ 17 

Names of countries, domains, and administrative divisions_ 18 

Names of regions, localities, and geographic features_ 19 

Names of calendar divisions_ 19 

Names of historic events, etc_ 19 

Trade names_ 19 

Scientific names_ 20 

Fanciful appellations_ 20 

Personifications_ 20 

Religious terms_ 20 

Titles_ 21 

Titles of persons_ 21 

Titles of publications, papers, documents, acts, laws, etc_ 22 

Formal usages_ 23 

First words_ 23 

Addresses, salutations, and signatures_ 23 

Interjections_ 23 

Historic papers, documents, etc___ 23 

Guide to capitalization_ 24 

Spelling_ 41 

Approved forms_ 41 

Ligatures_ 43 

Diacritical marks_ 43 

Geographic names_ 43 

Transliterations_ 44 

Indian words__•_ 44 

Nationality (nouns and adjectives)_ 44 

Endings “ible” and “able”_ 44 

Endings “ise”, “ize”, and “yze”_ 45 

Endings “cede”, “ceed”, and “sede”_ 45 

Indefinite articles_ 45 

Plural forms_ 46 

Possessives and apostrophes_ 46 

Doubled consonants in derivatives- 47 

Compound words_ 49 

Compounding_ 50 

General rules___ 50 

Use of the hyphen in compounding- 50 

Rules applying to all parts of speech- 50 

Compound nouns_ 51 

Compound adjectives_ 51 

Unit modifiers_ 52 

Compounds other than nouns and adjectives- 52 

Elliptical compounds_ 52 

Scientific terms_ 52 

Civil and military titles- 52 

Fractions_ 52 

Idiomatic phrases_ 53 

Prefixes and suffixes.— 53 


hi 




























































IV 


CONTENTS 


Page* 

Abbreviations_ 55 

Capitalization, hyphenation, period, and spacing- 55 

Geographic terms_ 56 

Names and titles_ 57 

Parts of publications_ 58 

Terms relating to Congress_ 58 

Calendar divisions_ 58 

Common abbreviations_ 59 

Terms of measure_ 60 

Money_ 61 

Numerals_ 63 

Numbers expressed in figures_ 63 

Punctuation_ 63 

Quantities and measurements_ 63 

Enumerations_ 65 

Chemical formulas_ 65 

Fractions_ 65 

Numbers spelled out_ 65 

Numbers beginning a sentence_ 65 

Serious and dignified subjects_ 65 

Enumerations_ 66 

Related numbers_ 66 

Round numbers_ 66 

Fractions_ 66 

Symbols_ 67 

Letter symbols_ 67 

Chemical symbols_ 67 

Standardized symbols_ 67 

Examples_ 67 

Punctuation_ 69 

Apostrophe_ 70 

Brace_ 70 

Brackets_ 70 

Colon__ 71 

Comma_ 71 

Dash____ 73 

Ellipsis_ 74 

Exclamation point_ 74 

Hyphen_ 74 

Parentheses_ 74 

Period_ 75 

Question mark_ 76 

Quotation marks_ 76 

Semicolon_ 77 

Single punctuation_ 77 

Tabular work_ 79 

Abbreviations_ 79 

Bear-off_ 79 

Blanks_ 80 

Box heads_ 80 

Braces_ 81 

Center heads, flush heads, and subheads_ 81 

Ciphers_ 81 

Continued heads_ 81 

Dashes or rules_ 82 

Date columns_ 82 

Ditto_ 82 

Dollar mark_ 83 

Double-up tables_ 83 

Figure columns_ 83 

Footnotes and references (see also Headnotes)_ 83 

Fractions_ 84 

Headnotes_ 85 

Leaders_ 85 

Letter-spacing of words_ 85 

Overruns_ 85 




































































CONTENTS 


V 


Tabular work—Continued. 

Reading columns_ 

Tables in rules_ 

Total lines_ 

Units of quantity_ 

Leader work_ 

Columns_ 

Continued heads_ 

Ditto_ 

Dollar mark_i_ 

Flush heads and subheads_ 

Footnotes_ 

Units of quantity_ 

Miscellaneous examples_ 

Date lines, addresses, and signatures_ 

General instructions_ 

Date lines_ 

Addresses_ 

Signatures_ 

Italic_ 

Emphasis, foreign words, titles of publications_ 

Names of vessels and aircraft_ 

Names of legal cases_ 

Scientific names__ 

Words and letters_ 

Fol., fol. lit., etc_ 

Copy marked “fol.”_ 

Copy marked “fol. lit.”_ 

Copy marked “reprint”_ 

Copy marked “bill style”_ 

Unprepared copy_ 

Miscellaneous rules_ 

Center and side heads_ 

Citations (see also Reference marks and footnotes)- 

Division of words, etc. (see also Center and side heads) 

“Et cetera”, “and so forth”_ 

Footnotes (see Reference marks and footnotes, p. 107) _ 

Indentions_ 

Indexes and tables of contents__— 

Leads and slugs (see Spacing, p. 108)- 

Legends beneath illustrations_ 

Letters illustrating shapes and forms_ 

Numbered paragraphs or items- 

Reference marks and footnotes_ 

Side notes and cut-in notes_ 

Spacing_ 

Geologic and physiographic terms- 

Principal and guide meridians- 

Principal foreign countries- 

Nouns and adjectives denoting nationality- 

Foreign coins- 

Guide to compounding... 


Page 

85 

85 

85 

85 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

87 

88 
88 
89 
89 

89 

90 

91 
95 
95 
95 
95 

95 

96 

97 
97 
97 
97 
97 
97 

105 

105 

105 

106 
106 
106 
106 
106 
107 
107 
107 
107 

107 

108 
108 
149 

151 

152 

154 

155 
165 
















































































. 

























































SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS AND EDITORS 


This Style Manual is intended to facilitate Government printing. 
Careful observation of the following suggestions will aid materially in 
expediting publication and reducing printing expenditures. As a gen¬ 
eral rule, copy will be printed in conformity with this Style Manual, 
unless otherwise authorized by the Public Printer. 

Copy should be carefully edited in accordance with the style here 
laid down before being sent to the Government Printing Office. 
Changes on proof sheets add greatly to the expense and delay the work. 

Copy should be sent flat, with the sheets numbered consecutively, 
and typewritten, if possible, on one side of the paper only unless 
reprint. If both sides of reprint copy are to be used, a duplicate 
must be furnished if available. 

Each page should begin with a paragraph. If a paragraph runs 
over to another sheet, the sheets will be cut and pasted by the copy 
editor to retain the paragraph intact. 

Tabular matter should be written on sheets separate from the text, 
as it is handled separately during composition. 

Legible copy, not faint carbon copies, must be furnished. This is 
most essential for copy in foreign languages and copy containing 
figures. 

Proper names, foreign words, and technical terms should be written 
plainly and verified. Signatures and figures should be written plainly. 

Manuscript and typewritten copy in a foreign language should be 
marked accurately to show capitalization, punctuation, accents, etc. 

Reference marks in text and tables should be arranged consecu¬ 
tively from left to right across each page. (See table, p. 86.) 

Photographs, drawings, etc., for illustrations should accompany the 
manuscript, each bearing the name of the publication in which it is 
to be inserted and the figure or plate number. The proper place for 
each text figure should be indicated on the copy by inserting its 
number and title. 

A requisition for work containing illustrations must be accom¬ 
panied by a letter certifying that the illustrations are necessary and 
relate entirely to the transaction of public business (U.S.C., title 44, 
sec. 118). The total number of illustrations and the processes of repro¬ 
duction desired should also be indicated. Instructions should be 
given on the margin of each illustration if enlargement or reduction 
is necessary. 

If a publication is composed of several parts, a scheme of the de¬ 
sired arrangement must accompany the first installment of the copy. 

Samples should be furnished if possible. They should be plainly 
marked, showing whether they illustrate the desired style of type, 
size of type page, paper, trim, lettering, or binding. 

All corrections should be made on first proofs submitted, as later 
proofs are intended for verification only. Plate corrections will be 
made only when absolutely necessary. 


1 


2 


SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS AND EDITORS 


Corrections should be marked on the margins of a proof sheet oppo¬ 
site the indicated errors, not by writing over the print or between the 
lines. All queries on proof must be answered. 

Corrections in proofs read by authors or department readers must 
be indicated as follows: 


0 Period. 

f Comma. 

- Hyphen. 

E Colon. 

f Semicolon. 

Apostrophe. 

Quotations. 

* & Em quadrat. 

sm One-em dash. 

& 

mv Two-em parallel dash. 
^ Push down space. 

O Close up. 

Less space. 

y\ Caret—left out, insert. 
Turn to proper position. 
Insert space. 

O Move to left or to right. 
LJ Move up or move down, 
/fe Transpose. 

Let it stand. 

^ Dele—take out. 

Broken letter. 
Paragraph. 

No paragraph. 
yu/. Wrong font. 

Equalize spacing. 
Capitals. 

Small capitals. 
Lower-case. 

Superior or inferior. 
Italic. 

/Lxrryi,. Roman. 
fj Brackets. 

'J Parentheses. 


or 

["I or 


1 or 
== or 

s=s or A*. <&. 

/, e. 

^or 4 


.or 


/ucrr, 

$ 


SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS AND EDITORS 


3 


TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS 




££d£. Ccbf^\ 


6. C: It doeg not appear that the earliest printers had 6 
*\ /[ an^method / of v ^correcting N error 8 v before^the form ^ ^ 

@/ was on the press/ The learned cor- ^ 



iocs ui printing weie / ^ 

e/ they wj4re rather j /^7 
editors. Their labors / 


A&t. 

f/Xu 






4 


rectors of the first two centuries of printing were 
notproofreaders in our sense, 
what we should ;erm office editors. 
were A chiefly to see that the proof corresponded to 
the copy, but that the printed page was correct 
in its /atinity/--lkftj^44tr*»g^ the re , and 

that the sense was right. They cared 4*rt little, 
about orthography, bad letters A or purely printed 
errors, and when the text seemed to them wrong 
they consulted fresh authorities or altered it on 
their own responsibility. Good proofs A in the 
modern sense, were ^possiTde until prof ession al 
readers were employed/ men who [had | first] a 
printer’s education, and then 6 pent many years 
in the correct| 6 n of proof. The orthography of 
English, which for the past century has under A 
gon e little change, was very fluctuating until after 
the publication of Johnson’s Dictionary, and capi¬ 
tals, which have been used with considerable reg- ^ 
ularity for the past 80 years, were previously used 
on the {miss f oT \hit? pian. The approach to regu¬ 
larity, so far as we hav<^ may be attributed to the 
growth of a class of professional proofreaders, and 
it is to them that we owe the correctness of mod¬ 
ern printing.^More er/ors have been found in the 
Bible than in any other one work. For many gen 
erations it was frequently the case that Bibles' 
were brought out stealthily, from fear of govefn- 
fjnental interference./\ They were frequently 
printed from imperfect texts, and were often mod- (/ 
ified to meet the views of those who publised 
them .The story is related that a certain woman 
who - was the wife of a printer, aad 




in Germany, 


£.c,jus{Lr 


f . , had becom e disgusted with the continual asser- 
£7 j -/ fA^TTL* tion/ 0 / th e/supcriority \ of man over woman which 
J l)l she had heard, hurried into the composing room 

- . while her husband_ was at supper and altered a 

'Cert .*'sentence in the v .Bible, v whicl),he was^)rinting, so 

wV f "“ J if -** k "' 

/x, 


of A Herr, A . 


that it read^Nar^instead 

the verse read “And he shall be thy fool 

» 


thus making 
instead 


c,jc 




of “^(nd he shall be thy/lord.” The word A not^ <£>!{j'l'ty 
was omitted by Barker, the Ring’s printer in En- /1 ' 
j^andinl632,inprintingtheseventhcommand£nent A 
He was fined jE^OOO on this account. 


































































CAPITALIZATION 

(See also Abbreviations; list on pp. 24-40) 

The initial capital letter is all that remains of our originally all¬ 
capital alphabet. It survives because it serves a definite purpose, 
such as introducing a sentence or an enumeration, distinguishing an 
individual within a class, or indicating preeminence or respect or 
distinction attaching to a certain individual, position, or object. By 
thus emphasizing words, the capital letter helps the reader to grasp 
their significance more readily. Purpose, therefore, rather than 
mere opinion, is the logical criterion in deciding whether a particular 
word should be capitalized. 

The fundamental principle underlying rules for capitalization in 
the English language is that proper nouns and proper adjectives are 
capitalized and that common nouns and common adjectives are not 
capitalized. The difficulty in applying this principle lies in the fact 
that some nouns and adjectives are construed as proper in certain 
connections and common in others. It is impossible to give rules 
that will cover every conceivable problem, but by considering the 
purpose to be served and the fundamental principle it is possible to 
attain a considerable degree of uniformity. 

The list of approved usages given on pages 24-40 will serve as a 
reference guide. Manifestly such a list cannot be complete, but the 
correct usage with respect to any term not included can be determined 
by analogy or by application of the rules or the fundamental 
principle. 


Proper names: Page 

Proper names (rule 1)_ 16 

Derivatives of proper names (rule 2)_ 16 

Common nouns and adjectives in proper names (rules 3-3c)_ 16 

Definite article in proper names (rules 4, 4a)_ 17 

Particles in names of persons (rules 5-56)- 17 

Names of organized bodies (rules 6, 6a)- 17 

Names of countries, domains, and administrative divisions (rules 7, 7a) _ 18 

Names of regions, localities, and geographic features (rules 8, 8a)_ 19 

Names of calendar divisions (rule 9)_ 19 

Names of historic events, etc. (rule 10)_ 19 

Trade names (rule 11)- 19 

Scientific names (rules 12-12d)_ 20 

Fanciful appellations (rule 13)- 20 

Personifications (rule 14)- 20 

Religious terms (rule 15)_ 20 

Titles: 

Titles of persons (rules 16-16c)- 21 

Titles of publications, papers, documents, acts, laws, etc. (rules 17-17e)_ 22 

Formal usages: 

First words (rules 18-18c)- 23 

Addresses, salutations, and signatures (rule 19)- 23 

Interjections (rule 20)- 23 

Historic papers, documents, etc. (rule 21)- 23 


15 






















16 


capitalization 


[Rules 1-8 


PROPER NAMES 

Proper names 

1. Proper names are capitalized. 

Rome John Macadam Italy 

Brussels Macadam family Anglo-Saxon 


Derivatives of proper names 


2. Derivatives of proper names, if used with a proper meaning, are 
capitalized; if used with an acquired and independent common 
meaning, they are not capitalized. 


Roman (of Rome) 
roman (type) 
brussels sprouts 
Venetian blinds 


Johannean 

macadam (crushed rock) 
watt (electric unit) 
plaster of paris 


Italian 

italicize 

anglicize 

pasteurize 


Common nouns and adjectives in proper names 

3. A common noun or common adjective forming an essential part 
of a proper name is capitalized; the common noun used alone as a 
substitute for the name of a place or thing is not capitalized. 


Massachusetts Avenue; the avenue 
Bunker Hill Monument; the monument 
Statue of Liberty; the statue 
Roosevelt Dam; the dam 
Boston Light; the light 
Crow Reservation; the reservation 
Angeles National Forest; the national 
forest 

Soldiers’ Home of Ohio; the soldiers’ 
home 

Johnson House (hotel); Johnson house 
(residence) 


Federal Express; the express 
Cape of Good Hope; the cape 
Jersey City; also Washington City; but 
city of Washington; the city 
Cook County; the county 
Lake of the Woods; the lake 
North Platte River; the river 
Lower California; but lower Mississippi 
Charles the First; Charles I 
Fourteenth Census; the census 
Pier A; the pier; Lock 27; the lock 


(a) A common noun used alone as a well-known short form of a 
specific proper name is capitalized. 


the Canal (Panama Canal) 

the Capitol, the Monument (at Washington) 

the District (District of Columbia) 

the Lakes (Great Lakes) 

the Soldiers’ Home (District of Columbia only) 

( b) The plural form of a common noun capitalized as part of a 
proper name under rule 3 or any other rule is also capitalized. 

Seventh and F Streets (rule 3) British and French Governments (rule 

Lakes Erie and Ontario (rule 3) 7a) 

Potomac and James Rivers (rule 3) Presidents Washington and Adams 
State and War Departments (rule 6) (rule 16) 

(c) A common noun used with a date, number, or letter merely 
to denote time or sequence, or merely for the purpose of reference, 
record, or temporary convenience, does not form a proper name and 
is therefore not capitalized. (See also rule 17.) 


act of 1928 
treaty of 1918 
war of 1914 
first district 

(not congressional) 
second ward 
twentieth century 


article 1 
book II 
chapter III 
page 2 
paragraph 4 
part I 
section 3 


appendix C 
class I 
column 2 
figure 7 
plate IV 
table 4 
volume X 


abstract B 
collection 6 
exhibit D 
group 7 
schedule K 
signature 4 
station 27 


Buies 4-6] 


capitalization 


17 


Definite article in proper names 

4. The word the (or its equivalent in a foreign language) used as an 
essential part of a proper name or a title is capitalized. 

British Consul v. The Mermaid (title of legal case) 

The Dalles (Oreg.); The Weirs (N.H.); hut the Dalles region; the Weirs 
streets 

The Hague; hut the Hague Court; the Second Hague Conference 
El Salvador; Las Cruces; L’Esterel 

The Adjutant General (prescribed by law to designate the chief adjutant 
general) 

(a) In common practice this rule is disregarded in references to 
newspapers, periodicals, vessels, airships, trains, and firm names. 

the Times the Mermaid; the US the Federal Express 

the Atlantic Monthly the Los Angeles the National Photo Co. 

Particles in names of persons 

5. In foreign names such particles as d’, da, della, van, and von are 
capitalized unless preceded by a forename or title. 

D’Orbigny; Alcide d’Orbigny 
Da Ponte; Cardinal da Ponte 
Van Rensselaer; Stephen van Rensselaer 

(а) In American and British names such particles are usually 
capitalized, even if preceded by a forename or title, but individual 
usage, if ascertainable, should be followed. 

Justice Van De van ter; Reginald De Koven 
Thomas De Quincey; William De Morgan 
Henry van Dyke (his usage) 

If copy is not clear as to the form of such a name (for example, 
La Forge or Laforge), the two-word form should be used. 

(б) In names set in capitals de, von, etc., are set in cap and small 
caps but are closed up with the surname only if that is the individual 
preference. 

Names of organized bodies 

6. The full names of organized bodies and the distinguishing 
substitutes for such names are capitalized; other substitutes, which 
are most often regarded as common nouns, are capitalized only in 
certain specified instances to indicate preeminence or distinction. 
(See list on pp. 24-40; rule 36.) 

National governmental units: 

United States Congress: Seventy-second Congress; Congress; the 
Senate; the House; Committee of the Whole, the Committee; but 
committee (all other committees) 

Department of Agriculture: the Department; Division of Publications, 
the Division; similarly all departmental units; hut legislative, execu¬ 
tive, and judicial departments; department clerk 
Bureau of the Census: the Census Bureau; the Bureau; the Census 
Office 

Geological Survey: the Survey 
Interstate Commerce Commission: the Commission 
Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia: the Board of 
Commissioners; the Board 
Foreign Service: the Service 

American Embassy, British Embassy: the Embassy; hut the consulate; 
the consulate general 


18 


CAPITALIZATION 


[Rule 7 


Treasury of the United States: General Treasury; National Treasury; 
Public Treasury; the Treasury; Treasury notes; New York Sub¬ 
treasury, the subtreasury 

United States Army, French Army: the Army; the Infantry; Eighty- 
first Regiment; the Regulars; the Volunteers; Army Establishment; 
the Army Band; Army officer; Regular officer; Reserve officer; but 
volunteer officer; army shoe; Grant's army; Robinson's brigade; the 
brigade; the corps; the regiment; infantryman 
United States Navy, British Navy: the Navy; the Marine Corps; 
the Air Service; Navy (Naval) Establishment; Navy officer; but 
navy yard; naval officer; naval station 
International- organizations: 

League of Nations: the League; the Council; the Assembly; the Secre¬ 
tariat 

International Court of Arbitration: the Court; the Tribunal (only in 
the proceedings of a specific arbitration tribun il) 

Hague Peace Conference of 1907: the Hague Conference; the Peace 
Conference; the Conference 
Common-noun substitutes: 

Virginia Assembly: the assembly; the senate; the house of delegates 
California State Highway Commission: the highway commission; the 
commission 

Buffalo Consumers' League: the consumers’ league; the league 
Republican Party: the party 
Democratic National Convention: the convention 
Pennsylvania Railroad Co.: the Pennsylvania Railroad; Pennsylvania 
Road; the railroad company; the company 
Riggs National Bank: the Riggs Bank; the bank 
Metropolitan Club: the club 

(a) The names of members and adherents of organized bodies are 
capitalized where it is necessary to distinguish them from the same 
words used merely in a descriptive sense. (See also rule 15.) 

Representative Liberal Communist 

Republican Socialist Boy Scout 

Names of countries, domains, and administrative divisions 

7. The official designations of countries, national domains, and 
their principal administrative divisions are capitalized only if used 
with or as proper names or as proper adjectives. (See table on p. 152; 
also rule 3.) 

United States: the Republic; also the Nation; the Union; but republic, 
republican (in general sense) 

New York State: the State, a State (official designation); State rights 
(United States); but state (in general sense); church and state; state¬ 
hood; state’s evidence 

Territory of Hawaii: the Territory, Territorial; but territory, territorial 
(in general sense) 

Japanese Empire: the Empire; but empire (in general sense) 

Dominion of Canada: the Dominion; but dominion (in general sense) 
Ontario Province: the Province, Provincial; but province, provincial (in 
general sense) 

(a) The similar designations commonwealth, confederation (federal), 
government, nation (national), powers, union, etc., are capitalized 
only if used with or as proper names or as proper adjectives. (See 
also rule 36.) 

British Commonwealth, Commonwealth of Massachusetts: the Common¬ 
wealth; but commonwealth (in general sense) 

Swiss Confederation: the Confederation; the Federal Council; the Federal 
Government; but confederation, federal (in general sense) 


Rules 8-11] 


CAPITALIZATION 


19 


French Government: the Government; French and Italian Governments; 
but government (in general sense); the Kerensky government; European 
governments 

Cherokee Nation: the nation; nation (in general sense); American nations 
National Government (of any specific nation); but national customs 
Allied Powers, Central Powers (in World War); but the powers; European 
powers 

Union of South Africa: the Union; but union (in general sense) 


Names of regions, localities, and geographic features 

8. A descriptive term used to denote a definite region, locality, or 
geographic feature is a proper name and is therefore capitalized. 
(See also rule 3b.) 


the North Atlantic States 
the Gulf States; the Central States 
the West; the Midwest; the Middle 
West 

the Eastern Shore (Chesapeake Bay) 
the Badlands (South Dakota) 
the Driftless Area (Mississippi Valley) 
the Continental Divide (Rocky Moun¬ 
tains) 


the Occident; the Orient 
the Far East; the East 
the Promised Land 
the Continent (continental Europe) 
the Western Hemisphere 
the North Pole; the North and South 
Poles 

the Torrid Zone 

the East Side (section of a city) 


(i a ) A descriptive term used to denote mere direction or position 
is not a proper name and is therefore not capitalized. 

north; south; east; west 

northerly; northern; northward 

eastern; oriental; occidental 

east Tennessee; southern California 

west Florida; but West Florida (1763-1819) 

Names of calendar divisions 

9. The formal names of calendar divisions are capitalized. 

January; February; March; etc. 

Monday; Tuesday; Wednesday; etc. 
but spring; summer; autumn; fall; winter 


Names of historic events, etc. 

10. The formal names of historic events, historic epochs, holidays, 
and ecclesiastical feast and fast days are capitalized. 

Battle of Bunker Hill Christian Era; Middle Ages; but twen- 

Battle of the Giants tieth century (rule 3c) 

War of 1812; World War; but war of Renaissance 

1914 (rule 3c) Fourth of July; the Fourth 

Reformation Feast of the Passover; the Passover 


Trade names 

11. A trade name is capitalized; a mere descriptive class term, or a 
common noun following the trade name of a brand, market grade, 
or variety, is not capitalized. 


Bon Ami (trade name) 
Listerine (trade name) 
durum wheat (class term) 
Fordor sedan (brand) 


Airline honey (brand) 

Choice lamb (market grade) 

Yellow Stained cotton (market grade) 
Red Radiance rose (variety) 


20 


CAPITALIZATION 


[Rules 12-15 


Scientific names 

12. The name of a phylum, class, order, family, or genus is capital¬ 
ized; the name of a species is not capitalized, even though derived 
from a proper name. 

Arthropoda (phylum), Crustacea (class), Hypoparia (order), Agnostidae 
(family), Agnostus (genus) 

Agnostus canadensis; Aconitum wilsoni; Epigaea repens (genus and species) 

(a) In scientific descriptions coined terms derived from proper 
names are not capitalized. 


aviculoid; menodontine 


(b) A plural formed by adding s to a Latin generic name is capital¬ 
ized. 


Rhynchonellas; Spirifers 


(c) Other scientific terms also are capitalized or not in conformity 
with accepted scientific usage. In case of doubt copy should be 
followed. (For lists of geologic and physiographic terms, see p. 149.) 

(d) The words sun , moon , and earth are capitalized only if used in 
association with the names of other astronomical bodies that are 
capitalized. 


The nine known planets, in the order of distance from the Sun, 
are Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, 
Neptune, and Pluto. 


Fanciful appellations 

13. A fanciful appellation used with or for a proper name is 
capitalized. 

the Big Four the Keystone State 

the Hub the Pretender 


Personifications 

14. A personification in a figure of speech is capitalized. 

The Chair recognized the gentleman from New York. 
For Nature wields her scepter mercilessly. 

All are architects of Fate 

Working in these walls of Time. 


Religious terms 

15. All words denoting the Deity except who , whose , and whom , all 
names for the Bible and other sacred writings, and the names of 
confessions of faith and of religious bodies and their adherents are 
capitalized. 

Heavenly Father; the Almighty. Trust Him who rules all things. 

Bible; Scriptures; Koran; also Biblical; Scriptural; Koranic 
Gospel (memoir of Christ); but gospel (tidings) 

Apostles’ Creed; Augsburg Confession 

Episcopal Church; an Episcopalian; Catholicism; a Protestant 

Christian; also Christendom; Christianity; Christianize 

Black Friars; Brother(s); King’s Daughters; Daughter(s); Ursuline Sisters; 

Sister(s) 


Rule 16] 


CAPITALIZATION 


21 


TITLES 

Titles of persons 

16. Any title or designation preceding a name is capitalized. (See 
also rule 36.) 

President Roosevelt Chairman Smith 

King George Nurse Cavell 

Ambassador Gibson Professor Leverett 

Lieutenant Fowler 

(а) A title immediately following the name of a person or used 
alone as the substitute for the name of a person, which is most often 
regarded as a common noun, is capitalized only in certain specified 
instances to indicate preeminence or distinction. (See list on pp. 
24-40, and also rule 36.) 

Title of a head or assistant head of state: 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States: the President; the 
President-elect; the Executive; the Chief Magistrate; the Commander 
in Chief ’.similarly the Vice President 

Albert C. Ritchie, Governor of Maryland: the Governor of Maryland; 
the Governor; similarly the Lieutenant Governor 
Title of a head or assistant head of a national governmental unit: 

Cordell Hull, Secretary of State: the Secretary; similarly the Acting 
Secretary; the Under Secretary; the Assistant Secretary; the Direc¬ 
tor; the Chief or Assistant Chief; the Chief Clerk; etc. 

Hugh S. Gibson, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary: the 
American Ambassador; the British Ambassador; the Ambassador; 
the Senior Ambassador; His Excellency; similarly the Envoy Extraor¬ 
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; the Envoy; the Minister; the 
Charge d’Affaires; the Charg6; but the consul general; the consul; 
the attach^; etc. 

Gen. Charles P. Summerall, Chief of Staff: the Chief of Staff; but the 
general (military title standing alone not capitalized) 

Title of a ruler or prince: 

George V, King of England: the King; the Crown; His Most Gracious 
Majesty; His Majesty; similarly the Emperor; the Tsar; etc. 

Edward, Prince of Wales: the Prince; His Royal Highness. 
Common-noun titles: 

Charles F. Hughes, rear admiral, United States Navy: the rear admiral 

Cloyd H. Marvin, president of the George Washington University: the 
president 

C. H. Eckles, professor of dairy husbandry: the professor 

John Smith, chairman of the committee: the chairman 

(б) A title in the second person is capitalized. 

Your Excellency Mr. Chairman 

Your Highness Mr. Secretary 

Your Honor my dear General 

(c) In formal lists of delegates and representatives of governments 
all titles and descriptive designations immediately following the 

names should be capitalized if any one must be capitalized under 
rule 16a. 

174205°—33-2 


22 CAPITALIZATION [R“ le * 7 

Titles of publications, papers, documents, acts, laws, etc. 

17. In the full or short English titles of books, plays, poems, 
essays, addresses, articles, periodicals, series of publications, reports, 
historic documents, legal cases, and works of art, the first word and 
all important words are capitalized. This rule applies also to the 
titles of parts and chapters of books, plays, etc. (See also rule 4 a.) 

The Outline of History 

Part XI: Early Thought; but part XI (standing alone: rule 3c) 

Statutes at Large; Revised Statutes; District Code; Bancroft’s History; 

Journal (House or Senate) (short titles); but the code; the statutes 
Address of President Hoover on Unemployment Relief 
American Journal of Science 
Saturday Evening Post 

Monograph 55; Research Paper 123; Circular A; Senate Document No. 
70; House Resolution 45; Executive Order No. 24; Public Law No. 9; 
Private and Union Calendars; Calendar No. 80; Calendar Wednesday 
Annual Report of the Public Printer 
Declaration of Independence; the Declaration 

Constitution (United States or with name of country or State); but twelfth 
amendment (rule 3c) 

Kellogg Pact; Treaty of Versailles; but treaty of peace, the treaty (de¬ 
scriptive designations); treaty of 1919 (rule 3c) 

United States v. Four Hundred Twenty-two Casks of Wine (legal case) 

The Blue Boy (painting) 

(a) In the short or popular titles of acts the first word and all 
important words are capitalized. 

Revenue Act of 1926; the Volstead Act; the Panama Canal Act; the Classi¬ 
fication Act; but revenue act; act of 1926; the act 

( b ) In titles of legal cases such words as appellant and respondent 
are not capitalized. 

De Jager } appellant, v. Attorney General of Natal, respondent 

(c) The capitalization of the titles of books, etc., written in a foreign 
language is to conform with national practice. 

Danish: Kongelig dansk Hof- og Stats-Kalendar 
Dutch: Jaarboek van het mijnwezen in Nederlandsche Oost-Indie 
French: Droit international de l’Europe; La literature frangaise 
German: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie; Die Homerische Frage 
Italian: Storia della diplomazia europea in Italia 
Latin: De lege Rhodia et jactu; Bellum Catilinarium 
Norwegian: Norges geologiske unders0kelse 
Portuguese: Historia de Portugal; Historia da civilizagao iberica 
Spanish: Historia critica de Espana y de la cultura espanola 
Swedish: Svensk botanisk tidskrift 

{d ) The capitalization in bibliographies, footnote citations, synony¬ 
mies, and lists is to conform with rules 17 and 17c unless the particular 
class of work requires its own established style and the copy is pre¬ 
pared accordingly. 

(e) The capitalization of catalog cards is to conform with Library 
of Congress style. 


Rules 18-21] 


CAPITALIZATION 


23 


FORMAL USAGES 

First words 

18. The first word of a sentence, of an independent clause or phrase, 
of a direct quotation, of a line of poetry, or of a formally introduced 
series of items or phrases following a colon is capitalized. 

The question is, Shall the bill pass? 

He asked, ‘‘And where are you going?” 

Lives of great men all remind us 
We can make our lives sublime. 

The assay content was as follows: Gold, 0.5 ounce to the ton; copper, 8 
percent; (etc.) 

(See also Punctuation.) 

(a) The first word of a fragmentary quotation is not capitalized. 

He objected “to the phraseology, not to the ideas.” 

( b ) The first word following a colon, an exclamation point, or an 
interrogation point is not capitalized if the matter following is merely 
a supplementary remark making the sense fuller or clearer. 

Revolutions are not made: they come. 

Intelligence is not replaced by mechanism: even the televox must be guided 
by its master’s voice. 

But two months dead! nay, not so much; not two. 

What is this? 

Your knees to me? to your corrected son? 

(c) The first word following Whereas in resolutions, contracts, etc., 
is not capitalized; the first word following an enacting or resolving 
clause is capitalized. 

Whereas the Constitution provides * * *; and 

Whereas Congress has passed a law * * * ; 

Whereas, moreover, * * *: Therefore be it 

Resolved, That * * * 

Resolved by the Washington Board of Trade , That * * * 

Provided , That * * * 

Provided further , That * * * 

Ordered, That * * * 

Be it enacted, That * * * 

Addresses, salutations, and signatures 

19. The first word and all principal words in addresses, salutations, 
and signatures are capitalized. (For examples, see Date Lines, Ad¬ 
dresses, and Signatures.) 

Interjections 

20. The interjection 0 is always capitalized; other interjections are 
not capitalized except as indicated in rule 18. 

Sail on, O Ship of State! 

For lo! the days are hastening on. 

But, oh, how fortunate! 

Historic papers, documents, etc. 

21. In the printing of historic papers, documents, journals, cor¬ 
respondence, etc., the capitalization (and other features of style) of 
the original text may be followed where historic accuracy is required. 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 

The following list is based on the preceding principles and rules for 
capitalization. This capitalization applies to both singular and 
plural forms. Parenthetic references are to rule numbers, but no 
such references follow common nouns that are lower-cased under the 
general principle but not under any particular rule. 


abstract B, 1, etc. (3c) 

Academy, if part of proper name (6): 
United States Military; the academy 
United States Naval; the academy 
Act, short or popular title or with 
number (17a): 

Act 14 
Act No. 14 
Public Act 145 

Revenue Act of 1928; but revenue 
act; act of 1928 
Classification Act 
Prohibition Act 
Panama Canal Act 
Volstead Act 

War Department Appropriation Act 
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
1933 

Acting, if preceding a capitalized title 
(16a) 

Actuary of the Treasury; the Actuary 
(16a) 

administration, Harding, etc.; the ad¬ 
ministration 

Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs; 

the Administrator (16a) 

Admiralty, British (6) 

Admiralty, Lords of the (16a) 
age: stone, copper, ice, etc. 

Agency: 

Chippewa, etc. (Indian only); the 
agency (6) 

National Bank Redemption; the 
Agency (6) 

Ages (10): 

Dark 

Golden Age (only if meaning Golden 
Age of Pericles) 

Middle 

Air Corps; the corps (6) 

Air Mail Service; the Service (6) 

Alien Property Custodian; the Cus¬ 
todian (16a) 

Alliance, Farmers’,etc.; the alliance (6) 
Allied Powers (World War); European 
powers; the powers (7a) 

Allies, the (World War) (1) 

All-Russian Congress of Soviets of 
Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies 
( 6 ) 


Ambassador, British, etc.; the Ambas¬ 
sador; the Senior Ambassador; His 
Excellency (16a) 

amendment to the Constitution; four¬ 
teenth amendment (3c) 

American: 

Federation of Labor; the federation 

( 6 ) 

Legion; the Legion (6) 

National Red Cross; the Red Cross 

( 6 ) 

anglicize (2) 

Ancient Free and Accepted Masons (6); 
a Mason (6a) 

Annex, if part of name of building; the 
annpx (3) 

Antarctic Ocean; the ocean (3); Ant¬ 
arctic ice 
apache (Paris) 
appellant (17a) 

appendix 1, A, II, etc.; the appendix 
(3c); but Appendix II, with title 
(17) 

appropriation bill: 
deficiency 

Department of Agriculture 
District of Columbia 
Executive Office 
for any governmental unit 
Appropriations Committee; the com¬ 
mittee (6) 

Aqueduct, Washington, etc.; the aque¬ 
duct (3) 

Archipelago, Philippine, etc.; the archi¬ 
pelago (3) 

Architect of the Treasury, of the Capi¬ 
tol; the Architect (16a) 

Arctic Circle, Ocean, nights, seas, etc.; 

the circle; the ocean (3) 

Arctics, the (36) 

Area, First Corps, etc.; the corps area 
(3) 

Arlington Memorial Amphitheater; the 
Memorial Amphitheater; the amphi¬ 
theater (3, 3a) 

Arlington Memorial Bridge; the Me¬ 
morial Bridge; the bridge (3, 3a) 
Armory, Springfield, etc.; the armory 


24 


GUIDE TO capitalization 25 


Army (American or foreign; noun, ad¬ 
jective, or standing alone) (6): 
Air Corps (or Service); the corps (6) 
Band (6) 

Blue (maneuvers) (6) 
branches and organizations, names 
capitalized (6): 

Infantry; Regulars; Volunteers; 
Gordon Highlanders; Royal 
Guards, etc. 

Brigade, First, etc.; the brigade; 

Robinson’s brigade (6) 

Company A; A Company; the com¬ 
pany (6) 

Confederate (referring to Southern 
Confederacy); the Confederates (1) 
Continental; Continentals (13, 36) 
corps; but Air Corps; Hospital Corps; 
etc. (6) 

Corps Area, First, etc.; the corps area 
(3) 

Department of the East; Finance 
Department (6); but the depart¬ 
ment; similarly all departments of 
the Army 

District of Washington (military dis¬ 
trict) ; the district (3) 
Establishment (6) 

General Commanding the (16a) 
General of the (commanding); but 
the general (16a) 

General Staff; the Staff (6) 

General Staff College; the college (6) 
General Staff Corps; the corps (6) 
Gun Factory; the gun factory; the 
factory (3) 

Headquarters of the; the Headquar¬ 
ters (6) 

headquarters, First Regiment 
Inspector General, only if referring to 
head of service (16a) 

Judge Advocate General (16a) 
Medical Museum; the museum (3) 
mobile army 

Organized Reserves; the Reserves (6) 
Paymaster General (16a) 

Regular; the Regulars 
Regular Establishment (6) 
Regulations (book) (17); but Army 
regulation 56 (3c) 

Regiment, First, etc.; the regiment 

(6) 

Revolutionary (American, French, 
British) (6) 
service, the (6) 

Surgeon General (16a) 

The Adjutant General (4, 16a) 
Volunteer; the Volunteers 
War College (6) 

White (maneuvers) (6) 
army, if with name of a person: Lee’s 
army (6) 

army shoe, mule, etc. (6) 

Arsenal, Rock Island, etc.; the arsenal 
(3) 

article 2, II, etc. (3c); but Article 2, 
with title (17) 


Articles of Confederation (United 
States) (17) 

Articles of War (17); but sixty-second 
article of war 

Artillery School, United States (6) 
Asiatic Naval Station; the Asiatic 
Station; the station (3) 

Assembly of New York; the assembly 

( 6 ) 

Assembly of the League of Nations; 
the Assembly (6) 

Assistant, if preceding a capitalized 
title (16a) 

Associate Justice, United States Su¬ 
preme Court (16a) 

Astrophysical Observatory; the Ob¬ 
servatory (6) 

Atlantic: 

cis-Atlantic 

coast 

Coast States (8) 

Fleet; the fleet (3) 

mid-Atlantic 

seaboard 

slope 

Squadron; the squadron (3) 

Torpedo Flotilla; the torpedo flotilla; 

the flotilla (3) 
trans-Atlantic 

Attorney General, United States (16a) 
autumn (9) 

Avenue: 

Constitution; etc.; the avenue (3) 
Pennsylvania; the Avenue (District 
of Columbia only) (3a) 
award (arbitral decision) 

Badlands (South Dakota and Nebraska) 

( 8 ) 

Band, Eastern, etc. (of Cherokee 
Indians); Joseph’s; the band (3) 
Band: 

Army (6) 

Fourth Field Artillery (6) 

Marine (6) 

Navy (6) 

Sousa’s (3) 

Bank, only if part of proper name; the 
bank (6): 

Farm Loan Bank of Dallas; Dallas 
Farm Loan Bank; farm-loan bank; 
farm-loan bank at Dallas 
Federal Reserve Bank of New York; 
Richmond Federal Reserve Bank; 
but reserve bank at Richmond 
First National; etc. 

Joint Stock Land Bank of Louisville; 
Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank; 
joint-stock land bank; joint-stock 
land bank at Louisville 
Barracks, only if part of proper name; 
the barracks (3): 

A barracks; barracks A; etc. 

Marine, District of Columbia 
Vancouver; Washington; etc. 
Battery, the (New York City) (3a) 


26 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


Battle, only if part of proper name; the 
battle (10): 

of Gettysburg; but battle at Gettys¬ 
burg; etc. 

of the Marne; of the Wilderness; of 
Waterloo; etc. 

Belt, only if part of proper name; the 
belt (8): 

Black (United States) 

Wheat; Corn; etc. 

Bible; Biblical; Scriptures; etc. (15) 
bill (Kiess) 

Bill of Rights (historic document) (17) 
Black Hand (organization) (6) 

B’nai B’rith (6) 

Board, if part of proper name; capital¬ 
ized, standing alone, only if refer¬ 
ring to a Federal board, a board 
of the District of Columbia, or an 
international board (6): 
Aeronautical 
Compensation (Navy) 

Crop Reporting 
Farm Loan 
Federal Horticultural 
Federal Reserve, Federal Reserve 
System 

for Vocational Education 
General Education 
General (Navy) 

General (of Engineers) 

Geographic (United States) 
Governing (Pan American Union) 
Insecticide and Fungicide 
Macy Board; etc. (Federal board, 
with name of person) 

Mediation and Conciliation (United 
States) 

Naval Examining 
Naval Retiring 

of Charities (District of Columbia) 
of Commissioners of the District of 
Columbia 

of Education (District of Columbia) 
of Engineers 

of Food and Drug Inspection 
of General Appraisers; a general ap¬ 
praiser 

of Indian Commissioners 
of Managers (of the Soldiers’ Home) 
of Ordnance and Fortification 
of Pension Appeals 
of Public Welfare (District of Co¬ 
lumbia) 

of Regents (Smithsonian Institution) 
of Road Commissioners for Alaska 
of Visitors (Annapolis and West 
Point) 

United States Geographic 
United States Interdepartmental So¬ 
cial Hygiene 

War Credits (War Department) 
Bolshevik; Bolsheviki (collective 
plural); Bolshevist (6a); bolshevism 
book: 

books of the Bible 

First Book of Samuel; etc. (17) 

Good Book (synonym for Bible) (15) 


book 1, I, etc. (3c); but Book 1, with 
title (17) 

Borough, only if part of proper name: 

Borough of the Bronx; the borough (3) 
Botanic Garden (National); the garden 
(3) 

Boy Scouts (the organization); a Boy 
Scout; a Scout (6, 6a) 

Breakwater, only if part of proper name; 
the breakwater (3) 

Bridge, only if part of proper name; the 
bridge (3): 

Arlington Memorial 
Cabin John 

Francis Scott Key; Key 
M Street 

Pennsylvania Railroad bridge 
Brigadier General Commandant, Ma¬ 
rine Corps (16a) 

Brother; Brothers (adherent of religious- 
order) (15) 

Budget of the United States; the 
Budget (publication) (17); but the 
budget, in general sense 
Building, only if part of proper name; 
the building (3): 

Atlantic 

Colorado 

Federal 

General Staff College 
Herald 

House (or Senate) Office 
Treasury 
Treasury Annex 
Winder 

Bulletin 420 (17) 

Bureau, if part of proper name; cap¬ 
italized, standing alone, only if 
referring to a bureau of the Federal 
or District Government or an 
international bureau (6): 
International Bureau at Berne; the 
International Bureau; the Berne 
Bureau 
of Customs 

of Foreign and Domestic Commerce 

of Immigration 

of Indian Affairs 

of Ordnance 

of Prohibition 

of Reclamation 

of Mines 

of the Budget 

of the Public Health Service 
of Social Hygiene, New York; the 
bureau; etc. 

Business Men’s League; the league (6) 

Cabinet, American or foreign (noun, 
adjective, or standing alone) (6): 
British Cabinet; the Cabinet 
the President’s Cabinet; Cabinet 
officer; the Cabinet 

Calendar, only if part of proper name; 
the calendar (17) {see also church 
calendar): 

Consent; etc. 

House 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


27 


Calendar, etc.—Continued 
No. 99 

of Bills and Resolutions 

Private 

Senate 

Union 

Wednesday (legislative) 

Canal Zone (Isthmian); the Canal; the 
zone (3) 

Cape, only if part of proper name; the 
cape (3) 

Capes, the (Charles and Henry) (3a) 
Capital, Capital City. National Capital 
(Washington, D.C.) (3a); but the 

capital (State) 

Capitol, the (at Washington, D.C.) 
(3a): 

Chamber 

Grounds 

Hall of Fame; the Hall 
Halls of Congress 

Halls, meaning Hall of the House and 
Chamber of the Senate 
Police; the police 
Statuary Hall 

Capitol Building (State); the capitol (3) 
Captain Commandant (Coast Guard) 
(16a) 

Cemetery, only if part of proper name; 
the cemetery (3): 

Arlington National 
Oak Hill 
Census: 

Fourteenth; the census (3) 
the fourteenth and subsequent decen¬ 
nial censuses 
central Asia (8a) 

Central Powers; the powers (7a) 
century; twentieth century (3c) 

Chair, the, if personified (14) 

Chairman (16a): 

of the Committee of the Whole 
House; the Chairman 
of the Federal Trade Commission; 
the Chairman 

of the Appropriations Committee; 
the chairman 

Chamber, the (Senate or House) (3a) 
Chamber of Commerce of Boston; Bos¬ 
ton Chamber of Commerce; the 
chamber of commerce (6) 
chapter 5, II, etc. (3c); but Chapter 5, 
with title (17) 

Charg6 d’Affaires, British, etc.; the 
Charge d’Affaires; the Charge (16a) 
chart 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Chart 2, 
with title (17) 

Chicago Sanitary District; the sanitary 
district; the district (6) 

Chief, only if referring to a unit of 
the Federal or District Govern¬ 
ment; the Chief (16a) 

Constructor, Navy 
Coordinator 

Intelligence Office, Navy 


Chief, etc.—Continued 
Justice, United States 
Magistrate (the President) 
of Naval Operations (Navy) 
of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, etc. 
of the Division of Publications 
Chief Clerk, the, of a governmental unit 
which is capitalized (16a) 

Christian; Christendom; Christianity; 

Christianize (15) 
church calendar (10): 

Advent 

Ascension 

Christmas 

Easter 

Epiphany 

Lent 

Quinquagesima 

Septuagesima 

Sexagesima 

Trinity 

Whitsuntide (Pentecost) 

Church, if with name, referring to 
building, congregation, or organiza¬ 
tion (3, 6) 

church and state (7) 

Chute, only if part of proper name; 
the chute (3) 

Circle, only if part of proper name; 
the circle (3): 

Arctic Circle; Dupont Circle; Lo¬ 
gan Circle; etc. 
cis-Atlantic; etc. 
cities, sections of, capitalized (8): 

East Side 
Latin Quarter 
North End 
the Loop 

City, only if part of corporate or pop¬ 
ular name; the city (3): 

Kansas City 
Mexico City 
New York City 

Washington City; but city of Wash¬ 
ington 

Clan, only if part of proper name; the 
clan (3) 

class 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Class 2, 
with title (17) 

Clerk, the, of the House of Represent¬ 
atives; of the Supreme Court of the 
United States (16a) 

Coast Guard, United States; the Coast 
Guard (6) 

Coastal Plain (Atlantic and Gulf) (8); 

but a coastal plain 
Coast Pilot (book) (17) 

Code (in shortened title of a publica¬ 
tion); the code (17): 

District 

Federal Criminal 
International (signal) 

Mississippi 
Penal; etc. 

United States 


28 GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


College, only if part of proper name; 
the college (3): 

Columbia 
Gallaudet 
of Bishops 

Colonials (Colonial Army) (3a) 
Colonies, Thirteen American; the Thir¬ 
teen Colonies; the Colonies (7) 
Columbia Institution for the Deaf; the 
institution (6) 

Comintern (Communist International) 

( 6 ) 

Commission, if part of proper name; 
capitalized, standing alone, only 
if referring to a national govern¬ 
mental or international commission 

(6): ^ 

Alaskan Engineering 
Civil Service 

District (District of Columbia) 

Electoral 

Federal Power 

Federal Radio 

Federal Trade 

Gettysburg National Military Park 
Immigration, Joint Congressional 
Inter American High (no hyphen) 
International Boundary, United 
States and Mexico 
International High; the High Com¬ 
mission 

International Prison 
International Waterways 
Interstate Commerce 
Isthmian Canal 
Merchant Marine 
Mississippi River 
National Forest Reservation 
National Monetary 
National Screw Thread 
National Waterways 
of Fine Arts 
Philippine 
Public Buildings 

Public Utilities (District of Columbia) 
Shiloh National Military Park 
Spanish Treaty Claims 
to Revise the Laws of the United 
States 

United States Employees’ Compen¬ 
sation 

United States Tariff 
Vicksburg National Military Park 
Commissioner, the, of any national gov¬ 
ernmental or international com¬ 
mission (16a): 
of Customs 
of Patents 
of Prohibition 

of the District of Columbia; the 
Commissioner; the Commissioners 
of the Five Civilized Tribes; etc. 
United States Commissioner, Inter¬ 
national Prison Commission 


Commissioner General of Immigration; 

the Commissioner General (16a) 
Committee, if used as part of proper 
name; the Committee, only if 
referring to a Federal or inter¬ 
national committee or the Com¬ 
mittee of the Whole House (6): 
Appropriations, etc.; the committee; 
Subcommittee on Appropriations; 
the subcommittee 

Democratic National; the committee 
National Advisory, for Aeronautics; 
the Committee 

of One Hundred, etc.; the committee 
of the Whole House on the state of 
the Union; Committee of the 
Whole; the Committee 
on Accounts; the committee 
on Post Offices and Post Roads (Sen¬ 
ate); the committee 
on the Post Office and Post Roads 
(House); the committee 
on Public Safety; the committee 
Republican National, etc.; the na¬ 
tional committee; the committee 
Commonwealth (synonym for State) 
(7a): of Australia; of Massachu¬ 
setts; etc.; the Commonwealth 
Commune (of Paris) (7) 

Communist (6a) 

Communist International (6) 
Comptroller (16a): 

of the Currency; the Comptroller 
of the Post Office Department; the 
Comptroller 

Comptroller General, United States; 

the Comptroller (16a) 

Confederacy (of the South) (6) 
Confederate Army; government; sol¬ 
dier; States (7a) 

Confederation, Swiss; the Confedera¬ 
tion (7a) 

Conference, if part of proper name; 
capitalized, standing alone, only if 
referring to a national or an inter¬ 
national conference (6): 

First Hague; the International Peace 
Conference 

on Limitation of Armament 
on Unemployment; the conference 
Confession, Augsburg (15) 

Congress (legislature), if referring to a 
national congress (6): 
of Bolivia; etc.; the Congress 
of the United States; First, Second, 
etc.; the Congress 

Congress (assembly), if part of proper 
name; capitalized, standing alone, 
only if referring to an international 
congress (6): 

International Good Roads Congress; 
Good Roads Congress; the Con¬ 
gress 

of Parents and Teachers, National; 
the congress 


GUIDE TO capitalization 29 


Congressional (congressional, standing 
alone): 

Directory; the Directory (17) 
District, First; etc.; the First District; 

the district (3) 

Library; the Library (3, 3a) 
Congressman; Member of Congress; 
Member (6a, 16a) 

Constitution, the (United States), or 
with name of country or State (17) 
consul, British, etc. (16a) 
consul general, British, etc. (16a) 
consulate, British, etc. (6) 

Continent, only if part of proper name; 
the continent (3); but the Continent 
(continental Europe) (8) 

Continental: 

Army; the Army (6) 

Congress; the Congress (6) 

Divide; the Divide (8) 
continental Europe 

Continentals (Revolutionary soldiers) 
(13) 

Convention, if part of proper name (6): 
Constitutional (United States, 1787); 
the Convention 

International Postal; the convention 
International Sanitary; the conven¬ 
tion 

Republican National; the conven¬ 
tion 

convention of 1907 (treaty); the con¬ 
vention (3) 

Corn Belt; the belt (8) 

Corporation, Reconstruction Finance; 
the Finance Corporation; the Cor¬ 
poration (6) 

Corps, only if part of proper name; the 
corps (6): 

Air 

Artillery- 

Chaplain 

diplomatic corps 

General Staff 

Hospital 

Marine 

Medical 

Nurse 

of Cadets 

of Engineers 

Pay 

Quartermaster 

Signal 

Cotton Belt; the belt (8) 

Council (6): 

Choctaw; etc.; the council 
of the League of Nations; the Coun- 
cil 

Boston City; the council 
National Research; the council 
Philadelphia Common; the council 
His Majesty’s Privy Council; the 
Privy Council 
Councilor, Privy (16a) 
countries, domains, and administra¬ 
tive subdivisions (7, 7a) 


County, Frederick; County Kilkenny; 

etc.; the county (3) 

Court (of law; see also Court Style), 
capitalized if part of name of a 
national or international court, a 
United States court, a district court, 
or a State court; lower-cased if part 
of the name of a city or county 
court; capitalized, standing alone, 
only if referring to the Supreme 
Court of the United States or to 
an international court (6) 

Circuit Court of the United States 
for the Southern District of New 
York; the circuit court; the court 
Commerce Court, United States; the 
court 

Court of Appeals of the State of Wis¬ 
consin; etc.; the court of appeals; 
the court 

Court of Claims; the court 
Court of Customs and Patent Ap¬ 
peals; the court 

Court of Impeachment, the Senate; 
the court 

Court of Private Land Claims; the 
court 

District Court of the United States; 

the district court; the court 
International Court of Arbitration; 
the Court 

Supreme Court of the United States; 

the Supreme Court; the Court 
Supreme Court of the District of 
Columbia; etc.; the supreme court; 
the court 

World Court; the Court 
Covenant of the League of Nations; 

the Covenant (17) 

Creed, Apostles’; the Creed (15) 
Crown, if referring to a ruler (16a): 
lands; etc. 

Dalles, The; but the Dalles region (4) 
Dam 1; Dam Noj 1 (3) 

Daughters of the American Revolu¬ 
tion; King’s Daughters; a Daughter; 
a Real Daughter (6, 6a, 15) 

Day (10): 

Arbor 

Armistice 

Founders’ 

Mother’s 

dean of the diplomatic corps 
Declaration of Independence; the Dec¬ 
laration (17) 

decorations, medals, etc., names capi¬ 
talized (3): 

Congressional Medal of Honor; the 
medal 

Croix de Guerre; the cross 
Distinguished Service Medal; the 
medal 

Iron Cross; the cross 
Victoria Cross; the cross 
Deity, words denoting, capitalized (15) 
Delegate (in Congress) (16a) 


30 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


delegate (to a conference); the dele¬ 
gate; the delegation (6a, 16a) 

Delta, Mississippi River; the Delta (3, 
3a) 

Department, if part of proper name (6): 
of State; the Department; similarly , 
all national executive depart¬ 
ments 

Land Department (for General Land 
Office); the department 
department (6): 
clerk 

legislative, executive, and judicial 
departments 

Deputy, if preceding a capitalized title 
(6); but the deputy, standing alone 
derivatives of proper names no longer 
identified with the names from 
which they were derived (2): 


anglicize 
artesian well 
babbitt metal 
bristol board 
britannia ware 
brussels sprouts 
burley tobacco 
Canada balsam 
(microscopy) 
carlsbad twins 
(petrography) 
cashmere shawl 
china clay 
chinaware 
Chinese blue 
delft ware 
derby hat 
dutch windmill 
fedora hat 
fuller’s earth 
georgette crepe 
german silver 
gothic architec¬ 
ture 

gothic type 
haikwan tael 
harveyized steel 
india ink 
india rubber 
japanese varnish 
kafir corn 
kraft paper 
leghorn hat 
levantine silks 
levant (leather) 
lima beans 
london purple 
lynch law 


lyonnaise pota¬ 
toes 

macadamized 

road 

manila rope, pa¬ 
per 

mercerized fab¬ 
rics 

merino sheep 
morocco (leather) 
navy blue 
navy cloth 
newmarket 
cloak 

osnaburg cloth 
palm-beach suit 
panama hat 
pasteurized 
milk 

parian ware 
paris green 
plaster of paris 
Portland cement 
Prussian blue 
raglan coat 
roentgen rays 
roman numerals 
roman type 
russia (leather) 
scotch plaid 
surah silk 
timothy grass 
turkey red 
ulster coat 
utopia 

Venetian blinds 
venturi tube 
wedgwood ware 


diplomatic corps 

Diplomatic List (publication) (17) 
Director General (16a): 
of the Pan American Union; the 
Director General; the Director 
of Railroads; the Director General; 
the Director 


Director, if referring to the head of a 
national governmental unit; the 
Director (16a): 
of Postal Savings 

of Public Buildings and Public 
Parks 

of the Budget 
of the Census 
of the Geological Survey 
of the Mint 

Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leaven¬ 
worth, Kans., etc.; the barracks (3) 
District, only if part of proper name; 
the district (3): 

Sixth Congressional (3); Sixth District 
(3c); the district 

first assembly district; third light¬ 
house district; etc. (3c) 

District of Alaska; the District (7) 
District of Columbia; the District 
(7, 3a): 

Anacostia Flats; the flats (3) 
Arlington Memorial Bridge; the 
Memorial Bridge; the bridge 
(3, 3a) 

Avenue, the (Pennsylvania Avenue 
only) (3a) 

District jail; the jail 
Highway Bridge; the bridge (3) 
juvenile court; the court 
Mall, the (3a) 

Metropolitan Police; Metropolitan 
policeman; the police (6) 
Monument, Washington; the Monu¬ 
ment (3, 3a) 

Monument Grounds; the grounds (3) 
Monument Lot; the lot (3) 
municipal court 
Plaza, the, Union Station (3a) 
police court 

Potomac Flats; the flats (3) 

Public Library; the free Public 
Library; the library (3) 

Speedway, the (3a) 

Tidal Basin; the Basin (3, 3a) 

White Lot; the lot (3) 

Divide, Continental; the Divide (8) 
Division, if referring to a national gov¬ 
ernmental unit (6): 
of Accounts; the Division 
of Rural Mails; the Division 
Passport; the Division 
Division, Army, only if part of name 
( 6 ): 

First Division; the division 
Document, only if part of proper name; 
the document (3): 

Document Numbered One Hundred 
and Thirty 
Document No: 2 

Dominion, capitalized if part of proper 
name (7): 

of Canada; of New Zealand; etc.; 
the Dominion 

but a dominion, dominion status 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


drawing II, A, 3, etc. (3c) 

Driftless Area (Mississippi Valley) (8) 

eagle boats (a class) (11) 
earth, rarely capitalized (12d) 
east Africa (8a) 

East Coast (Africa) (8) 
east Tennessee (8a) 

East, the (section of the United States, 

(S) 

eastern Gulf States (8, 8a) 
easterner 

Eastern Hemisphere (8) 

Eastern Shore (Chesapeake Bay) (8) 
electoral college; the electors 
Embassy, British; etc.; the Embassy (6) 
Emperor, Japanese; the Emperor (16a) 
Empire, Japanese; etc.; the Empire; 
but an empire (7) 

Engine Company No. 6; No. 6 Engine 
Company; the company (6) 

Engineer Commissioner, District of 
Columbia (16a) 

Engineer Department; the Depart¬ 
ment (6) 

Engineer in Chief (Navy); the Chief 
(16a) 

Engineer officers; etc. (of Engineer 
Corps) (16a) 

Entente Allies; the Entente; the Triple 
Entente (6) 

Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
Plenipotentiary; the Envoy; the Min¬ 
ister (16a) 

Equator, the; equatorial (8) 
Establishment, only if part of proper 
name (6): 

Army 

Lighthouse 

Military 

Naval 

Regular 

but civil establishment 
Estate, Girard (a foundation); the es¬ 
tate (3) 

estate, third (the commons); fourth 
(the press); etc. 

Excellency, His; Their Excellencies 
(16a) 

Executive (meaning President of the 
United States) (16a) 
executive departments (6) 

Executive Document No. 95 (17) 
Executive Mansion; Executive Office; 

the White House; the Office (3, 3a) 
Executive order (by the President); 

Executive Order No. 34 (17) 
exhibit 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Exhibit 
2, with title (17) 

Express, only if part of proper name (3) * 
Federal Express, the (4a) 

fall (season) (9) 

Falls, Niagara; the Falls (3, 3a) 
fanciful appellations capitalized (13): 
Bay State (Massachusetts) 

Big Four (railroad) 


31 


fanciful appellations capitalized—con. 
City of Churches (Brooklyn) 

Great Father (the President) 
the Hub (Boston) 

Keystone State (Pennsylvania) 

Far East (the Orient); but far West 
(U.S.); far eastern (8, 8a) 

Father of his Country (Washington) 
(13) 

Federal (synonym for United States 
Government) (7a) 

Federal Council; the Council; Federal 
Government (of a national federal 
government) (7a) 

Federal District (Mexico) (7a) 

Federal Reporter (publication); the 
Reporter (17) 

Federal Reserve Board, the Board 
(6); Federal Reserve System; the 
System. 

Fidac (Federation Interalli£e des 
Anciens Combattants) (6) 

Field, Bolling; Hoover; Mitchef; etc.; 
the field (3) 

figure 2, A, II, etc. (illustration) (3c); 

Figure 2, with title (17) 

Financial Adviser-General Receiver; 
the Financial Adviser; the General 
Receiver (16a) 
flag, United States (13): 

Old Flag 
Old Glory 
Stars and Stripes 
Star-Spangled Banner 
flag code 

Flats, Anacostia; etc.; the flats (3) 
Fleet, only if part of proper name; the 
fleet (3): 

Baltic 

Channel 

Grand 

High Seas 

Naval Reserve 

Pacific; etc. (naval) 

United States 

Food and Drug Administration; the 
Administration (6) 
foreign cabinet officers (16a): 

Premier 
Prime Minister 

Foreign Commerce Service; the Service 

( 6 ) 

Foreign Legion (French); the legion 

( 6 ) 

Foreign Service; the Service (6) 
Forester (Chief of Forest Service); 
the Chief (16a) 

Forest, only if part of proper name; the 
national forest; the forest (3): 
Angeles National 
Black 

Coconino and Prescott National 
Forests 

Minam National 
Forest Service; the Service (6) 
form 2, A, II, etc. (3c); Form 2, with 
title (17) 


32 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


Foundation, only if part of proper name; 
the foundation (3): 

Chemical 
Rockefeller 
Russell Sage 

Free City of Danzig; the Free City (7) 
Freedman’s Savings Bank; the bank (6) 
Freedmen’s Hospital; the hospital (6) 
Frisco (for San Francisco; no apostrophe) 
(13) 

Garden, Botanic; the garden (3) 
General Accounting Office; the Account¬ 
ing Office; the Office (6) 

General Board (of the Navy); the Board 

( 6 ) 

General Counsel for the Bureau of In¬ 
ternal Revenue; the General Counsel 
(16a) 

General Order No. 14; General Orders, 
No. 14; a general order (17) 

General Supply Committee (of the 
United States Government); the Com¬ 
mittee (6) 
gentile 

geographic terms, capitalized if part of 
proper name (3, 36, 8); capitalized, 
standing alone, only if well-known 
short form of specific name (3a); 
lower-cased in general sense (val¬ 
leys of Virginia and Maryland): 


Aqueduct 

Forest 

Archipelago 

Fork (stream) 

Basin 

Fort 

Bay 

Gap 

Bayou 

Glacier 

Beach 

Gulch 

Bend 

Gulf 

Bight 

Harbor 

Borough 

Head 

Branch (stream) 

Highway 

Breakwater 

Hill 

Butte 

Hollow 

Camp (military) 

Hook 

Canal; the Canal 

Inlet 

(Panama) 

Island 

Canyon 

Isle 

Cape 

Islet 

Channel 

Jetty 

Chute 

Lake 

Cove 

Landing 

Crater 

Levee 

Creek 

Light 

Dam 

Lighthouse 

Desert 

Light Station 

Dike 

Lock 

Ditch 

Mesa 

Dock 

Mole 

Dome (but not in 

Mount 

geologic sense; 

Mountain 

see p. 149) 

Narrows 

Draw (stream) 

Oasis 

Dry Dock 

Ocean 

Dune 

Parish (Louisiana) 

Fahs 

Park 

Ferry 

Pass 

Flats 

Passage 


geographic terms, etc.—continued 


Peak 

Peninsula 

Pier 

Plateau 

Point 

Pond 

Port 

Range (moun¬ 
tain) 

Reef 

Reservoir 

Ridge 

River 

Roads (anchor¬ 
age) 


Rock 

Run (stream) 

Sea 

Shoal 

Slip 

Sound 

Spring 

Strait 

Tunnel (but not a 
mine tunnel) 
Valley 
Volcano 
Weir 
Wharf 
Woods 


Geological Survey; the Survey (6) 
George V; George the Fifth (16a) 
Girard Estate (a foundation); the 
estate (3) 

Girl Scouts (organization); a Girl 
Scout; a Scout (6, 6a) 

Gold Coast, Africa (8) 

Golden Rule (15) 

Gold Star Mothers (organization); a 
Mother (6, 6a) 

Gospel, only if referring to the first four 
books of the New Testament (15) 
gospel (tidings) (15) 

Government and similar designations, 
capitalized if part of proper name; 
capitalized, standing alone, only if 
referring to a specific government 
(7 a) : 

French Government; the Govern¬ 
ment; Government publications, 
etc.; but Kerensky government; 
European governments; insular 
government; provincial govern¬ 
ment; island government; seat of 
government; etc. 

British Commonwealth; the Com¬ 
monwealth; etc. 

National (United States) 
governmental 

Government Printing Office; the Print¬ 
ing Office; the Office (6) 

Governor General (16a): 

of Canada; the Governor General 
of the Philippine Islands; the Gover¬ 
nor General 
Governor (6): 

of Puerto Rico; the Governor 
of the Federal Reserve Board; the 
Governor 

of the Panama Canal; the Governor 
of Wisconsin; etc.; the Governor 
Grain Futures Administration; the 
Administration (6) 

Grand Army of the Republic; the Grand 
Army; the Army (6) 

Grand Army Post No. 63; etc.; Post 
No. 63; Grand Army post; the 
post (3) 

Grange, the (National) (8) 
graph 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Graph 2, 
with title (17) 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 33 


Great (3, 8): 

Basin 

Beyond 

Divide 

Lakes; the Lakes (3, 3a) 

Plains 

White Way (New York City) 
great circle (navigation) 

Greater New York (8) 
group 2, II, A, etc. (3c); but Group 2, 
with title (17) 

Gulf of Mexico; the Gulf (3, 3a) 

Gulf Stream; the stream (3) 

Hague, The; but the Hague Court (4) 
Hall (Senate or House) (3a) 

Halls of Congress (3a) 

Heaven (Deity) (15); heaven (place) 
Hemisphere, Eastern; Western; etc.; 

the hemisphere (8) 

High Church (15) 

High Commissioner (16a) 

High School, only if part of proper 
name; the high school (3): 

Eastern 

Western 

Catonsville 

Highway Bridge (Washington, D.C.); 
the bridge (3) 

His Excellency the Duke of Athol; etc.; 
His Excellency; Their Excellencies 
(16a) 

His Majesty; Her Majesty; Their 
Majesties (16a) 

Historical Adviser of the Department 
of State; the Historical Adviser (16a) 
historical events and epochs (10): 
Reformation, the 
Renaissance, the 
Restoration, the (English) 
Revolution, the (American, 1775; 

French, 1789; English, 1688) 
Revolution of July (French) 
holidays, etc. (10): 

Admission Day 
Arbor Day 
Armistice Day 
Christmas Day, Eve 
Decoration Day 
Easter Sunday 
Father’s Day 
Fourth of July 
Good Friday 
Inauguration Day 
Independence Day 
Labor Day 
Memorial Day 
Mother’s Day 
New Year’s Day, Eve 
Thanksgiving Day, Eve 
Washington’s Birthday 
Holy Writ (Bible) (15) 


Hospital, only if part of proper name; 
the hospital (3): 

Edward Hines, Jr. 

Fifth Regiment 
Providence 

St. Elizabeths (no apostrophe) 
House, if part of proper name: 

Ebbitt (hotel); the house (3) 

Johnson house (private residence) (3) 
of Representatives; the House (6) 
of the Woods (palace); the House 
(3, 3a) 

Office Building; the office building (3) 
House of Representatives, titles of offi¬ 
cers, standing alone, capitalized 
(16a): 

Chairman (Committee of the Whole) 

Chaplain 

Clerk 

Doorkeeper 
Official Reporter 
Parliamentarian 
Postmaster 
Sergeant at Arms 
Speaker 

Speaker pro tempore 
Hydrographer, the (Navy Department) 
(16a) 

Hygienic Laboratory; the Laboratory 

( 6 ) 

Income Tax Unit; the Unit (6) 
independence; in the year of our inde¬ 
pendence the one hundred and fifty- 
sixth 

Indians (1): 

Absentee Shawnee 
Eastern (or Lower) Band of Chero¬ 
kee: the band (3) 

Five Civilized Tribes; the tribes (3) 
Joseph’s Band; the band (3) 

Shawnee Tribe; the tribe (3) 
Inquisition, Spanish; the Inquisition 
GO) 

Institute, if part of proper name; 
capitalized, standing alone, only if 
referring to an international organ¬ 
ization (6): 

Institute of International Law; the 
Institute 

Woman’s Institute; the institute 
Institution, if part of name; capitalized, 
standing alone, only if referring to 
a national governmental unit (6): 
Smithsonian Institution; the Insti¬ 
tution 

Carnegie Institution; the institution 
insular government; island government 
international law 

Isthmian Canal; the Canal (3, 3a) 
Isthmus of Panama, the Isthmus (3, 
3a) 


34 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


italicize (2) 

Ivory Coast (8) 

Jersey cattle (11) 

Jim Crow law, car, etc. (13) 

Journal clerk; the clerk 
Journal (House or Senate) (17) 

Judge Advocate General (Army or 
Navy) (16a) 

King of England; etc.; the King (16a) 
Ku-Klux Klan (organization); the 
Klan (6) 

Lake, only if part of proper name; the 
lake (3): 

Salt 

Lake of the Woods 
Lakes, the (Great Lakes) (3a) 

Lane, only if part of proper name; the 
lane (3): 

Bradley 

Maiden 

Latter-Day Saints (15) 
law of nations 
law of nature 

League of Nations; the League (6): 
Assembly of the; the Assembly 
Council of the; the Council 
Covenant of the; the Covenant 
Secretariat of the; the Secretariat 
Legal Adviser of the Department of 
State; the Legal Adviser (16a) 
Legation, Chinese; etc.; the Legation 
( 6 ) 

Legion, if part of proper name: 
American; the Legion (6) 

French Foreign; the legion (6) 
Legislative Assembly, only if part of 
proper name (6): 

of New York; the legislative assem¬ 
bly; the assembly 

of Puerto Rico; the legislative assem¬ 
bly; the assembly 

Legislature, only if part of proper name 

( 6 ): 

National Legislature (United States 
Congress) 

Ohio Legislature; the legislature 
Letters Patent No. 378964 (17) 

Levant, the (Mediterranean region) (8) 
Liberty Loan bonds; the loan bonds; 
the bonds (3) 

Librarian of Congress; the Librarian 
(16a) 

Library, if part of proper name: 
of Congress; the Library (3, 3a) 
Public (District of Columbia); free 
Public Library; the library (3) 
Lieutenant Governor, of a State; the 
Lieutenant Governor (16a) 

Light, only if part of proper name; the 
light (3, 3a): 

Boston Light 

Buffalo South Pier Light 2; but light 
no. 2; light 2 (3c) 

Highland Light 

but Massachusetts Bay lights 


Lighthouse (see Light Station) 
Lighthouse Service; the Service (6) 
Lightship (formerly Light Vessel), only 
if part of proper name; the light¬ 
ship (3): 

North Manitou Shoal Lightship 
Grays Reef Lightship 
Light Station, only if part of proper 
name; the light station; the sta¬ 
tion (3): 

Minots Ledge Light Station 
Watch Hill Light Station 
Line(s), only if part of proper name; the 
line(s) (3): 

Burlington Lines (railroad) 

Cunard Line (steamship) 

Greyhound Line (bus) 

Ludington Line (airplane) 

Lock 1; Lock No. 1; Locks Nos. 1 and 2 
(3) 

Loop, the (section of city) (8) 

Louisiana Purchase (8) 

Low Church (15) 

Lower, only if part of proper name (3): 
Lower California (Mexico) 

Lower Egypt 

lower House of Congress 

lower Mississippi 

Lower Peninsula (of Michigan) 

Magna Carta (17) 

Majesty, His, Her; Their Majesties(16a) 
Major General Commandant (Marine 
Corps); the major general (16a) 

Mall (District of Columbia) (3a) 
mandate 

Mandatory Government, if referring to 
a specific government; the Manda¬ 
tory (7a) 

map 3, A, II, etc. (3c); but Map 2, 
with title (17) 

Marine Corps; the corps (6); a marine 
(16a) 

Marine Corps Naval Reserve; Marine 
Corps Reserve; the reserve (6) 
Maritime Customs (Chinese Inter¬ 
national Customs Service) (6) 
Maritime Provinces, Canada (8) 
market grades (11): 

Half Blood, Fine, Second (wool), etc. 
Middling, Fair, Good, Ordinary 
(cotton) 

No. 2 Dark Northern Spring, No. 1 
Red Spring, No. 2 Red Durum, 
Sample grade (wheat) 

Old Belt Flue-cured, Southern Bright 
(tobacco) 

Prime, Fancy, Common (cattle) 

Red Kidney, U.S. No. 2 Pea (beans) 
Timothy Light Clover Mixed, Upland 
Prairie (hay) 

Marshal, United States Supreme Court 
(16a) 

Member, if referring to a Senator, Rep¬ 
resentative, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner of United States Con¬ 
gress 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


35 


Memorial Bridge, Arlington; the Me¬ 
morial Bridge; the bridge (3, 3a) 
Merchant Marine Naval Reserve; the 
reserve (6) 
midcontinent region 
Middle West, Midwest (section of 
United States) (8) 

Middle Western States; Midwestern 
States; but mid western farmers; etc. 
(8, 8a) 

Mikado, the (Emperor of Japan) (16a) 
Military Academy, United States; the 
academy (3, 3a) 

Military Establishment (Army); the 
establishment (6) 

Militia, only if part of proper name; the 
militia (6): 

First Regiment Ohio 

Indiana 

Naval 

New York Naval Reserve 

of Ohio 

Organized 

Minister Plenipotentiary; the Minister 
(16a) 

Mint, Philadelphia; etc.; the mint (3) 
miscellaneous lower-cased terms. (See 
derivatives) 

Mission, only if part of proper name; 
the mission (6): 
diplomatic mission 
Gospel Mission 
Monroe Doctrine (17) 

Monument, Bunker Hill; etc.; the 
monument (3) 

Monument, Washington (District of 
Columbia); the Monument (3a) 
Monument Grounds (D.C.); the 
grounds (3) 

Monument Lot (D.C.); the lot (3) 
moon, rarely capitalized (12 d) 
Mountain States (8) 

Mount Vernon Memorial Highway; 
the Memorial Highway; the high¬ 
way (3, 3a) 

Mr. Chairman; Mr. Secretary; etc. (166) 
Museum, National; the Museum (3,3a) 

Nation (synonym for United States) (7) 
Nation, Creek; Osage; etc.; the nation 
(7a) 

nation, in general, standing alone (7a) 
Nation-wide (United States) 

National, only if preceding a capitalized 
name: 

Academy of Sciences; the Academy 

( 6 ) 

Advisory Committee for Aeronau¬ 
tics; the Committee (6) 
and State institutions; etc. 

Bank Redemption Agency; the 
Agency (6) 

Capital (Washington); the Capital 
(3, 3a) 

Forest, Prescott; etc.; the national 
forest; the forest (3) 


National, etc.—Continued 
Forest Reservation Commission; the 
Commission (6) 

Gallery of Art; the National Gallery; 

the Gallery (3, 3a) 

Grange; the Grange (3, 3a) 

Guard, Ohio; etc.; the National 
Guard; the guard; a guardsman 
(6, 16a) 

Home for Disabled Volunteer Sol¬ 
diers (6) 

Legislature (United States Congress) 

(6) 

Medical Museum; the Medical Mu¬ 
seum; the museum (6) 

Naval Volunteers; the Naval Volun¬ 
teers; the volunteers (6) 

Park, Yellowstone; etc.; Yellowstone 
Park; the national park; the park 
(3) 

Treasury; the Treasury (6) 

Woman’s Party; the party (3) 
national customs, spirit, etc. (7a) 
Naturalization Service; the Service (6) 
Naval, if part of proper name (3, 6): 
Academy (United States); the acad¬ 
emy 

Aircraft Factory; the aircraft factory; 

the factory 
Asylum; the asylum 
Establishment; the establishment 
Gun Factory; the gun factory; the 
factory 

Home (Philadelphia); the home 
Militia; the militia 
Observatory; the Observatory (6) 
Reserve; the Reserve 
Reserve Force; the force 
Reserve officer; Reserve officer 
Station, Key West; etc.; the station 
War College; the War College; the 
college 

naval, in general sense (6): 
expenditures 

Navy (American or foreign; noun, ad¬ 
jective, or standing alone) (6): 
Admiral of the; the admiral (16a) 
Battle Force; the battle force; the 
force 

Blue Fleet, etc. (maneuvers); the 
fleet 

Establishment; the establishment 
Hospital Corps; the corps 
Regular 

Regulations (book) (17); but Navy 
regulation 56 

Scouting Force; the scouting force; 
the force 

Special Service Squadron; the service 
squadron; the squadron 
navy blue; navy cloth; etc. (2) 

Navy Yard, only if immediately preced¬ 
ing or following proper name; the 
navy yard (3): 

Brooklyn Navy Yard; the Navy 
Yard, Brooklyn 
Near East (8) 


36 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


Needle, Cleopatra’s (13) 

Negro, Negress (1) 

New, only if part of proper name (1): 
Ebbitt 
Willard 

New World (8) 

Night Riders (organization); a Night 
Rider (6, 6a) 

Nine Power Treaty; the treaty (17) 
North Atlantic (8) 

North Atlantic Squadron, the squad¬ 
ron (3) 

North Atlantic States (8) 

northerners 

Northern States (8) 

North Pole (8) 

North Star (Polaris) 

North, the (section of United States) 

( 8 ) 

numbers and letters capitalized if 
spelled out as part of a name (3): 
Charles the First 
Committee of One Hundred 
First Regiment 
Fourteenth Census 
Tenth Congressional District; Tenth 
District 

Observatory, Astrophysical; Naval; the 
Observatory (6) 

Occident, the (8); occidental 
Office, if referring to a national govern¬ 
mental unit; the Office (6) 
Executive 
General Land 
Government Printing 
Hydrographic 
Nautical Almanac 
of Education 
of Experiment Stations 
of Indian Affairs 
of Naval Intelligence 
of Naval Operations 
of Public Buildings and Public Parks 
of the Supervising Architect 
Patent 
Pension 
Old South (13) 

Old World (8) 

opinion (arbitral decision) 

Order of Business No. 56 (congres¬ 
sional calendar) 

Ordnance Department; the depart¬ 
ment (3) 

Organization Tables (War Department 
publication) (17) 

Organized Militia; the militia (6) 
Organized Reserves; the Reserves (6) 
Orient, the (8); oriental 

Pacific (see also Atlantic): 
coast 

Coast States (8) 

seaboard 

slope 

Pan American Union; the Union (6): 

Governing Board; the Board (6) 
Parcel Post Service; the Service (6) 


Parish, Caddo; etc. (Louisiana civil 
division); the parish (3) 

Park, only if part of proper name; the 
park (6) 

Park Police, District of Columbia (6); 
Park policeman 

Parliament, House of; Parliament (6) 
Parliamentarian, House of Representa¬ 
tives (16a) 

part 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Part 2, 
with title (17) 

Party, only if part of name; the party 

( 6 ): 

Democratic Party 
National Woman’s Party 
Pass, Passes, only if part of proper 
name; the pass (3): 

Brenner Pass 

Head of Passes, Mississippi River 
Shoshone Pass 
pasteurize (2) 

Paymaster General (Army or Navy) 
(16a) 

Peninsula, if part of proper name; the 
peninsula (3): 

Upper (Lower) Peninsula (Michigan) 
Penitentiary, Albany; etc.; the peni¬ 
tentiary (3) 

Permanent Court of International 
Justice; the World Court; the Court 
( 6 ) 

Pharisee (Biblical sect) (15); pharisee 
(in general) 

Philippine: 

Assembly; the assembly (6) 
Commission; the Commission (6) 
Constabulary; the constabulary (6) 
government 

Philippines, Governor General of the; 

the Governor General (16a) 

Pier 1, A, etc.; White Star Line pier; 
the pier (3) 

Pilgrim Fathers (1620); the Pilgrims; 
a Pilgrim (1) 

Place, only if part of proper name; the 
place (3); Jefferson Place 
Plains (Great Plains), the (3a) 
plaster of paris (2) 

plate 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Plate 2, 
with title (17) 

Plaza, Union Station (Washington, 
D.C.); the Plaza (3a) 

Pole Star (Polaris); polar star 
Police, only if part of proper name; 
the police (6): 

Capitol 

Metropolitan (District of Columbia) 
Park (District of Columbia) 
political parties and adherents (6, 6a): 
Anticlerical Party; an Anticlerical 
Boxers; a Boxer 
Center; Right; Left 
Communist Party; a Communist 
Conservative Party; a Conservative 
Independent Party; an Independent 
Progressive Party; a Progressive 
Socialist Party; a Socialist 
Unionist Party; a Unionist 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


37 


Port, only if part of proper name: the 
port (3): 

Arthur 

of New York Authority: the port au¬ 
thority 
of Spain 

Postal Savings System; Postal Sav¬ 
ings; the System (6) 

Postal Service; the Service (6) 

Postal Union; the Union (6) 
Postmaster General (16a) 

Powers, Central, Allied (World War); 

the powers; European powers (7a) 
precinct; first precinct (3c) 

President (16a): 

of the United States; the Executive; 
the Chief Magistrate; the Com¬ 
mander in Chief; the President¬ 
elect 

of any other country, the President 
of the Civil Service Commission, 
President of the Commission; the 
president 

president of the Erie Railroad 
Presidency (office of a head of state) (6) 
Presidential (President of the United 
States); otherwise lower-cased 
Prince Edward; the Prince of Wales; 
the Prince (16a) 

Printing Office, Government; the Print¬ 
ing Office; the Office (6) 

Privy Council, His Majesty’s; the 
Privy Council (6) 

Province, if referring to an administra¬ 
tive subdivision of a state (7): 
Ontario Province; Province of Onta¬ 
rio; the Province 

Provincial, only if referring to a specific 
province (7) 

Proving Ground, if part of proper 
name; the proving ground (3): 
Sandy Hook; etc. 

Public, No. 37; Public Act 26; Public 
Act No. 44; Public Law No. 9; Public 
Resolution 3 (17) 

Public Printer; the Printer (16a) 

Puerto Rico: 

Governor of; the Governor (16a) 
government (6) 

Legislative Assembly of; the legisla¬ 
tive assembly (6) 

Provisional Regiment; but Puerto 
Rico regiment (6) 

Puritan (15) 

Range, Coast; etc. (mountains) (8) 
Rebellion (American Civil War) (10) 
Reconstruction Finance Corporation; 
the Reconstruction Corporation; the 
Finance Corporation; the Corpora¬ 
tion (6) 

Reform School of the District of Co¬ 
lumbia; the reform school (3) 
Reformation, the (10) 

Reformatory, only if part of proper 
name; the reformatory (3): Elmira; 
etc. 

Register of the Treasury; the Register 
(17) 


Regular Army; Regular Navy (6) 
Reign of Terror, the (France, 1792) 
( 10 ) 

religious names capitalized (15): 
Baptist 
Buddhist 

Catholic; Catholicism; but catholic 
(universal) 

Christian 
Christian Science 
Evangelical 
Hebrew 

Latter-Day Saints 
New Thought 
Protestant 

Seventh-day Adventists 
United Brethren 
Renaissance, the (era) (10) 

Report, only if part of proper name; 
the report (17) 

Reporter, the (United States Supreme 
Court) (16a) 

Reporter, Federal (publication); the 
Reporter (17). 

Representative (in United States Con¬ 
gress) 

Republic, capitalized if part of proper 
name; capitalized, standing alone, 
if referring to a specific govern¬ 
ment (7a): 

French; the Republic 
of Panama* the Republic 
Swiss; the Republic 
United States; the Republic 
Reservation (forest, military, or In¬ 
dian) if part of proper name; the 
reservation: Great Sioux 
Reserve: 

United States Army Reserve Corps; 

the Reserves; Reserve officer 
United States Naval Reserve; the 
Reserve; Reserve officer 
Resident Commissioner (Philippine Is¬ 
lands and Puerto Rico) (16a) 
Resolution, only if part of proper name; 
the resolution (17): 

Resolution No. 6 
Public Resolution 6 
Senate Concurrent Resolution 18 
House Joint Resolution 3 
Resolution 42 

Revised Statutes (United States); Sup¬ 
plement to the Revised Statutes (17) 
Revolution, Revolutionary (if referring 
to the American, French, or English 
Revolution) (6) 

River, only if part of proper name; the 
river (3): 

Potomac, the 
Mississippi, the 

roman numerals, common nouns used 
with, not capitalized (3c): 
book II; chapter II; part II; etc. 
but Book II: Modern Types (com¬ 
plete heading) (17) 

Part XI: Early Thought (com¬ 
plete heading) (17) 
roentgen rays (2) 


174205°—33-3 


38 GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


Road, only if part of proper name; the 
road (3): 

Benning Road 
Erie Road (railroad) 

Military Road 

route no. 12466; mail route 1742; rail¬ 
way mail route 1144 (3c) 
rule 21; rule XXI (3c) 

Ruler of the Universe (13) 

Rules and Articles of War (book) (17) 

Sabbath; Sabbath Day (15) 
schedule 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Sched¬ 
ule 2, with title (17) 

School, only if part of proper name; 
the school (3): 

any school of the United States 
Army or Navy 
Hayes 

Girls’ Reform 
St. John’s Industrial 
Pawnee Indian 
Scriptures (the Bible) (15) 

Secretariat of the League of Nations; 
the Secretariat (6) 

Secretary, if referring to the head of a 
national governmental unit (16a): 
of State; of War; etc.; the Secretary 
of State for Foreign Affairs, British; 
for the Colonies; etc.; the Secre¬ 
tary 

of the Smithsonian Institution; the 
Secretary 

Secretary General of the League of 
Nations; the Secretary General (16a) 
section 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Section 2, 
with title (17) 

Senate, titles of officers, standing alone, 
capitalized (16a): 

Chaplain 
Chief Clerk 
Official Reporter 
Postmaster 
President of the 
President pro tempore 
Presiding Officer 
Secretary 
Sergeant at Arms 
Vice President 

Senator (United States Congress); but 
lower-cased if referring to State 
senators unless preceding a name 
(16a) 

senatorial 

Sergeant at Arms (Senate or House. 
(16a) 

Sermon on the Mount (15) 

Service, if referring to any Federal or 
District service; the Service (6): 
Air 

Air Mail 
Army Transport 
Chemical Warfare 
City Delivery 
Consular 
Customs 

Diplomatic and Consular 
Employment 


Service, etc.—Continued 
Extension 

Federal Coordinating 
Foreign 

Foreign Commerce 

Forest 

Indian 

Internal Revenue 
Lighthouse 
National Park 
Postal 

Public Health 
Railway Mail 

Rural Free Delivery; Rural Deliv¬ 
ery; Free Delivery 
Secret (Treasury) 

States Relations 
Steamboat Inspection 
Sister; Sisters (adherent of religious 
order) (15) 

Six Nations (Iroquois Confederacy) 
(7a) 

Smithsonian Institution; the Institu¬ 
tion (6) 

Society, only if part of proper name; 
the society (6): 

Boston Medical 
of the Cincinnati 

Soldiers’ Home, if part of proper name 
(3): 

Ohio Soldiers’ Home; the soldiers’ 
home; etc. 

Soldiers’ Home, the (District of Colum¬ 
bia only) (3a) 

Solicitor for the Department of Com¬ 
merce; etc.; the Solicitor (16a) 
Solicitor General (Department of Jus¬ 
tice) (16a) 

Son of Man (Christ) (15) 

Sons of the American Revolution (or¬ 
ganization); a Son; a Real Son (6, 6a) 
Sound, if part of proper name; cap¬ 
italized, standing alone, only if 
referring to Long Island Sound or 
Puget Sound (3, 3a) 

Albemarle Sound; the sound 
Pamlico Sound; the sound 
South Atlantic (8) 

South Pole (8) 

South, the (section of United States) (8) 
southerners 

Soviet, if part of proper name; cap¬ 
italized, standing alone, only if 
referring to a central governmental 
unit (6): 
a soviet 

of People’s Commissars 
of Labor and Defense 
regime 
system 

Moscow Soviet; city soviet; the 
soviet 

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 
(q. v.) 

Special Order No. 12; Special Orders, 
No. 12; a special order (17) 
Speedway, the (District of Columbia) 
(3a) 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


39 


Spirit of ’76 (painting) (17); but spirit 
of ’76 (in general sense) 
spring (season) (9) 

Squadron, only if part of proper name; 
the squadron (3): 

North Atlantic; etc. 

Square, only if part of proper name; 
the square (3): 

Lafayette; etc. 

Staked Plains (8) 

Star of Bethlehem (15) 

Star-Spangled Banner (13) 
statehood (7) 
statehouse 
State prison (7) 

State rights (7) 

State-wide (United States) (7) 

State’s attorney (7) 
state’s evidence (7) 

States (8): 

Eastern; but western Gulf (8a) 

Gulf 

Middle 

Middle Western 
Midwestern 
North Atlantic 
Thirteen Original (8) 

Station, only if part of proper name (3); 
not capitalized if referring to sur¬ 
veying or similar work: 

Broad Street Station; the station (3) 
Union; Union Depot; the depot (3) 
substation A (3c) 

Statistical Abstract; the Abstract (17) 
Statue of Liberty; the statue (3) 
Statutes at Large (United States only) 
(17) 

Street, only if part of proper name; the 
street (3): 

One Hundred and Tenth Street 
K Street 

Subtreasury, New York; etc.; sub¬ 
treasury at New York; the subtreas¬ 
ury (6) 
summer (9) 

sun, rarely capitalized (12 d) 
Superintendent, of any Federal or Dis¬ 
trict organization; the Superin¬ 
tendent (16a): 

of the Coast and Geodetic Survey 
of Documents (Government Printing 
Office) 

of the Naval (or Military) Academy 
of the Naval Observatory 
Supervising Architect (Treasury); the 
Architect (16a) 

Supervising Inspector General, the 
(Steamboat Inspection Service); the 
Inspector General (16a) 

Supplement to the Revised Statutes 
(United States); the Revised Statutes 
(17) 

Supreme Bench (13) 

Supreme Court (United States); the 
Court; titles of officers, standing 
alone, capitalized (16a): 

Associate Justice 
Chief Justice 


Supreme Court—Continued 
Clerk 
Marshal 
Reporter 

Surgeon General, the (Army, Navy, 
and Public Health Service) (16a) 
Survey, only if part of title of a national 
governmental unit; the Survey (6): 
Biological 

Coast and Geodetic 

Geological 

Lake 

System (6): 

Federal Reserve; the System 
Parcel Post; the System 


table 2, II, A, etc. (3c); but Table 2, 
with title (17) 

Territory, capitalized if part of proper 
name; capitalized, standing alone, 
only if referring to a specific 
Territory (7a): 

of Hawaii; the Territory; etc. 

Territorial, only if referring to a specific 
Territory (7) 

The, as part of a name, capitalized 
(4); lower-cased (4a): 

The Adjutant General (chief adju¬ 
tant general) 

The Assistant Secretary (chief assist¬ 
ant in Labor, Navy, and War 
Departments) 

The Dalles; The Hague; The Weirs; 
but the Dalles region; the Hague 
Conference; the Weirs streets 
the Times; the Mermaid; the Federal 
Express 

Thirteen American Colonies; the Thir¬ 
teen Colonies; the Colonies (8) 

Thirteen Original States (8) 

Tidal Basin (D.C.); the Basin (3, 3a) 


time, standard: central; eastern; moun¬ 
tain; Pacific 

title 2, II, A, etc. (3c); but Title 2, 
with title (17) 

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier; the 
tomb (3) 


trade names (11): 
Bon Ami 
Ceres flour 
Packard 12 
Pears’ soap 
Puffed Rice 
Pyrex glass 


Quaker Oats 
Royal typewriter 
Sapolio 

Shredded Wheat 
Studebaker Com¬ 
mander. 


trans-Atlantic; trans-Siberian; etc. 

Treasurer of the United States; the 
Treasurer (16a) 

Treasurer, Assistant, of the United 
States; the Assistant Treasurer; but 
assistant treasurer at New York; 
etc. (16a) 

Treasury, of the United States; Gen¬ 
eral; National; Public (6) 

Treasury notes (6) 

Treasury Decisions (book); the De¬ 
cisions (17) 

Treasury Regulations (book); the Reg¬ 
ulations (17) 


40 


GUIDE TO CAPITALIZATION 


Treaty of Versailles (17); but treaty of 
1919; the treaty (3, 3c) 

Tribunal, standing alone, capitalized 
only in minutes and official reports of 
a specific arbitration 
Tropic of Cancer; of Capricorn (8) 
Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. 
Paul) (13) 

Umpire, in an international arbitration 

( 16 a) 

Under Secretary, if referring to a na¬ 
tional governmental officer; the 
Under Secretary (16a): 
of State 
of the Treasury 

Union, if synonym for United States 
or part of proper name; lower¬ 
cased in general sense (7a): 

Pan American Union; the Union 
plumbers' union; typographical 
union; etc. 

Station; Union Passenger Station; 
etc. (3) 

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 
(U.S.S.R.) (6): 

Central Control Commission; the 
Commission 

Central Executive Committee; Cen¬ 
tral Committee; the Committee 
Central Soviet (R.I.L.U.) 

Congress (of central government) 
Executive Bureau (R.I.L.U.) 
Executive Committee of the Com¬ 
munist International; the Com¬ 
mittee 

Political Bureau; the Bureau 
Presidium (of Central Executive 
Committee) 

Red International of Labor Unions 
University, only if part of proper name; 
the university (3): 

Howard 

Leland Stanford Junior 
Unknown Soldier; Unknown Soldier’s 
Tomb; the tomb (3) 

Upper, only if part of proper name (3): 
Upper Egypt 

Upper Peninsula (of Michigan) 
upper House of Congress 
utopia (2) 

venturi tube (2) 

Veterans’ Administration; the Admin¬ 
istration (6) 

vice consul, British, etc.; the vice consul 
(16a) 

Vice Governor of the Philippines; the 
Vice Governor (16a) 

Vice President (same as President) (16a) 
vilayet 

volume 2, A, II, etc. (3c); but Volume 
2, with title (17) 

Volunteer Naval Reserve; the Reserve 

( 6 ) 


War, only if part of proper name: (3) 
between the States 
Civil War 
European war 

French and Indian War (1754-63) 

French and Indian wars 

Great War 

Indian war 

Mexican War 

of the Nations 

of the Rebellion; the Rebellion 
of the Revolution; the Revolution 
of 1812; but war of 1914 
Revolutionary War 
Seven Years’ War 
Spanish War 
Spanish-American War 
with Mexico 
with Spain 
World War (1914-18) 
ward 1, 2, etc.; first, second, etc. (3c) 
War Mothers (organization); a Mother 
(6, 6a) 

Washington’s Farewell Address (17) 
West Coast (Africa) (8) 

West End; etc. (section of city) (8) 

West Florida (1763-1819) (7a) 

West, the (section of United States) (8) 
Western Hemisphere (8) 

Wheat Belt; the belt (8) 

Whisky Rebellion (10) 

White Army (Russia) (6) 

White Caps (organization) (6) 

White House (3): 

Blue Room 
East Room 
Red Room 
State Dining Room 
winter (9) 

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union 

( 6 ) 

Woman’s Party (National); the party 
Woods, only if part of proper name; 
the woods (3): 

Belleau Woods 

House of the Woods (Palace) 

World: 

New World (8) 

Old World (8) 

World Court; the Court (6) 

X-rays 

Young Women’s Christian Association 

( 6 ) 

Your Excellency; Your Honor; Your 
Majesty; etc. (166) 

Zone, if part of proper name: 

Canal (Panama); the zone (3) 

Frigid; the zone (3) 

Temperate; the zone (3) 

Zoological Park (National); the Park: 
the Zoo (3, 3a) 


SPELLING 

(See also Compound Words; Abbreviations) 

To avoid the confusion and uncertainty of various authorities on 
spelling, the Government Printing Office must of necessity adopt a 
single guide for the spelling of words the preferred forms of which are 
not otherwise listed or provided for in this manual. This guide is 
Webster’s New International Dictionary, which has been the accepted 
authority for Government printing for the past 70 years. Unless 
herein otherwise authorized, the Government Printing Office will con¬ 
tinue to follow Webster’s spelling. Colloquial and dialect spellings 
are not to be used unless required by the subject matter or specially 
requested. 


Page 


Approved forms (rule 22)_ 41 

Ligatures (rule 23)__ 43 

Diacritical marks (rules 24, 24a)_ 43 

Geographic names (rule 25)_ 43 

Transliterations (rule 26)_ 44 

Indian words (rule 27)_ 44 

Nationality (nouns and adjectives) (rule 28)_ 44 

Endings ible and able (rule 29)- 44 

Endings ise, ize, and yze (rule 30)--- 45 

Endings cede , ceed, and sede (rule 31)_1_ 45 

Indefinite articles (rule 32)_ 45 

Plural forms (rules 33-35)_ 46 

Possessives and apostrophes (rules 36-41)_ 46 

Doubled consonants in derivatives (rules 42, 42a)_ 47 


RULES 


Approved forms 

22. The forms given in the following list are to be used in preference 
to any other forms. 


abreast 

accessory 

adapter 

adviser 

adz 

afterward 

aid 

aide (military) 
aide-de-camp 
airplane 
aline 

aluminum 

ambidextrous 

analog 

anyway 

anywise 

appareled 


appendixes 

bazar 

busses 

apprize (to ap¬ 

behoove 

bylaw 

praise) 

beveling 

caddie (golf) 

archeology 

bloc (group) 

caddying 

arrester 

blond 

caliper 

artisan 

bluing 

calk 

asafetida 

bombazine 

cancelation 

ascendance 

boulder 

canceled 

awhile (adv.) 

bourn 

canceling 

ax 

briquet 

cannot 

aye 

briquetted 

cantaloup 

backward 

briquetting 

canyon 

bagging 

broadax 

carabao (singular, 

bandanna 

bronco 

plural) 

bark 

bunion 

carbureted 

baritone 

bur 

carburetor 

barreled 

bus 

caroled 


41 


















42 

SPELLING 


catalog 

enclose 

inquire 

racket (all mean¬ 

caviar 

enclosure 

inquiry 

ings) 

center 

encumber 

install 

ratable 

chancelor 

encumbrance 

installation 

rattan 

chancelry 

endorse 

installed 

raveling 

channeled 

endorsement 

installment 

recompense 

char 

endwise 

instill 

reconcilable 

charred 

enfeeble 

instilled 

reconnaissance 

check 

enforce 

instillment 

reenforce (enforce 

chiffonier 

enforcement 

insure 

again) 

chili (pepper) 

enroll 

inward 

refractory 

choir 

enrolled 

jeweler 

registrar 

chop suey 

enrollment 

judgment 

reinforce 

citable 

enshade 

kidnaper 

(strengthen) 

clue 

ensheathe 

kilogram 

remodeler 

coconut 

ensnare 

kopek 

reveler 

collaret 

enthrall 

labeled 

rime 

conjurer 

entrench 

landward 

ruble 

connecter 

entwine 

leatheret 

salable 

conveyor 

envelop 

lengthwise 

savable 

cooky 

epaulet 

leveler 

scaloped 

coolie 

escaloped 

libelant 

sextet 

coquet 

farther (distance) 

libeled 

Shakespeare 

cornetist 

further (not dis¬ 

license 

sideward 

councilor (member 

tance) 

likable 

sirup 

of council) 

favor 

livable 

skill 

counselor (adviser) 

feldspar 

lodestar 

skilled 

crawfish 

fetal 

lodestone 

skillful 


cyclopedia 

dato 

debouch 

defense 

dependent 

desecrater 

dextrous 

dialing 

dialog 

diarrhea 

dieresis 

dieretic 

dike 

dingey (boat) 

disheveled 

disk 

dispatch 

despatch (dip¬ 
lomatic com¬ 
munication) 
distill 
distilled 
distillment 
distributor 
doggerel 
downward 
draft 
drought 
dumfound 
eastward 
edema 
edgewise 
employee 
enameling 
encage 
encave 


finable 

flannelet 

fledgling 

flex 

flexion 

focusing 

forbade 

forbear 

forego 

fueler 

fulfill 

fulfilled 

fulfillment 

funnel ed 

fuse (safety de¬ 
vice) 

fuze (ignition de¬ 
vice) 
gage 
galosh 
garrote 
gasoline 
gayety 
good-bye 
graveled 
gray 

groveling 

gruesome 

gypsy 

harken 

hiccup 

hindmost 

homeopath 

homeward 

hypotenuse 

idyl 


mandolin 
maneuver 
manywise 
margarin (in chem¬ 
istry) 

margarine (butter 
substitute) 
medaled 
medieval 
meter 
modeler 
mold 
moneys 
mortise 
movable 
myth 
offense 
onward 
organdie 
orthopedia 
pajama 
paneling 
parceling 
partisan 
percent 
petaled 
pickax 
plow 

practice (noun, 
verb) 
pretense 
program 
ptomain 
quarreling 
quartet 
raccoon 


smolder 

sometime (adv.) 

stanch 

stifling 

subpena 

sulphur 

swiveled 

sylvan 

taxi 

taxied 

taxies 

taxying 

teasable 

thralldom 

thrash 

thresh (grain) 

toward 

toweling 

toxemia 

tranquilize 

tranquillity 

traveled 

traveler 

traveling 

trolley 

tunneler 

turquoise 

upward 

visa 

visaed 

wainscoting 

weeviled 

westward 

whiskies 

whisky 

willful 



Rules 23-25] 


SPELLING 


43 


Ligatures 

23. Ligatures are not used in anglicized or Latin words; in other 
foreign words national practice is followed. 

Caesar Csedmon (.Old English) 

Leguminosae vceu (French) 

Diacritical marks 

24. Diacritical marks are not used with completely anglicized 
words. 


angstrom 

crepe 

fete 

portiere 

premiere 

applique 

crepe de chine 

frappe 

apropos 

debris 

glace 

regime 

blase 

debut 

habitue 

role 

boutonniere 

debutante 

ingenue 

rotisserie 

cafe 

decollete 

jardiniere 

roue 

cafeteria 

denouement 

matinee 

soiree 

comedienne 

depot 

melee 

souffle 

confrere 

ecru 

moire 

tragedienne 

consomme 

elite 

moron 

cortege 

entree 

naive 


coulee 

facade 

nee 


(a) Foreign words carry the diacritical marks that are an essential 
part of their spelling. 

abbe 

communique 

grille 

porte cochere 

agr&nent 

cong6 

litterateur 

porte-lumi&re 

4 la carte 

coup de gr&ce 

longeron 

pousse-caf e 

a la king 

coup de maitre 

materiel 

precis 

& la mode 

coup d’etat 

melange 

proc^s-verbal 

attache 

credit foncier 

mere 

protege (masculine) 

auto-da-fe 

credit mobilier 

mesalliance 

protegee (feminine) 

beaus6ant 

creme 

metier 

raisonne 

beche de mer 

cure 

nacre 

r&le 

beton 

dejeuner 

naivete 

recherche 

bless6 

distingue 

opera bouffe 

resume 

caique 

dona 

opera comique 

risque (masculine) 

caleche 

dos-4-dos 

outre 

risquee (feminine) 

Canada 

entrepdt 

papier m&che 

sante 

canape 

etude 

passe (masculine) 

senor 

centi&me 

expose 

passee (feminine) 

table d’h6te 

charge 

faience 

pate 

tete-4-tete (n.) 

charge d’affaires 

fiance (masculine) 

pere 

vel6n 

chine 

fiancee (feminine) 

pina 

vis-4-vis 

cloisonne 

Geographic names 

gargon 

pieiade 



25. The spelling of geographic names must conform with the deci¬ 
sions of the United States Geographic Board, except as to accents and 
diacritical marks, which will not be used unless necessary to avoid 
confusion of names having identical spelling or unless specially 
authorized. In the absence of a decision by the Geographic Board, 
the United States Postal Guide is to be used for names in the United 
States and its possessions, and the rules of the Board are to be fol¬ 
lowed in the spelling of foreign names. (See First Report on Foreign 
Geographic Names, 1932.) 

If the decisions or the rules of the Geographic Board permit the use 
of either the local official form or the conventional English form, 
it is the prerogative of the originating office to select the form which 
is most suitable for the matter in hand; therefore, in marking copy or 
reading proof, it is required only to verify or correct the spelling of 
the particular form used. 


44 


SPELLING 


[Rules 26-29 


Transliterations 

26. In the spelling of nongeographic words transliterated from 
Chinese, Japanese, or other languages that do not have a Latin 
alphabet, copy is to be followed literally. . (Countries that do not use 
a Latin alphabet are marked with an asterisk in the table on p. 154.) 

Indian words 

27. In Indian words, including tribal and other proper names, copy 
is to be followed literally as to spelling and the use of spaces and 
hyphens. 

Nationality (nouns and adjectives) 

28. The table on page 154 shows forms to be used for nouns and 
adjectives denoting nationality. 

Endings “ible” and “able” 

29. The following list comprises the words ending in ible; other 
words of this class end in able. Words with both endings (indicated 
in the list) differ in meaning with the ending. 


abhorrible 

cullible 

feasible 

incompressible 

accendible 

decoctible 

fencible 

inconcussible 

accessible 

deducible 

flexible 

incontrovertible 

addible 

deductible 

fluxible 

inconvertible 

adducible 

defeasible 

forcible 

inconvincible 

admissible 

defectible 

frangible 

incorrigible 

affectible 

defensible 

fungible 

incorrodible 

apprehensible 

depressible 

fusible 

incorruptible 

audible 

descendible 

gullible 

incredible 

bipartible 

destructible 

horrible 

indefeasible 

circumscriptible 

diffusible 

ignitible 

indefectible 

coctible 

digestible 

illegible 

indefensible 

coercible 

dirigible 

immersible 

indelible 

cognoscible 

discernible 

immiscible 

indeprehensible 

cohesible 

discerpible 

impartible 

indestructible 

collapsible 

discerptible 

impassible 

indigestible 

collectible 

dissectible 

(impassable) 

indiscernible 

combustible 

distensible 

impatible 

indivisible 

committibfe 

distractible 

impedible 

indocible 

compactible 

divertible 

imperceptible 

inducible 

compatible 

divestible 

impermissible 

ineffervescible 

compossible 

divisible 

imperscriptible 

ineligible 

comprehensible 

docible 

impersuasible 

ineludible 

compressible 

edible 

implausible 

inevasible 

conducible 

educible 

impossible 

inexhaustible 

conductible 

effectible 

imprescriptible 

inexpansible 

confluxible 

effervescible 

impressible 

inexpressible 

connectible 

eligible 

imputrescible 

infallible 

contemptible 

eludible 

inaccessible 

infeasible 

contractible 

evasible 

inadmissible 

inflexible 

controvertible 

evincible 

inapprehensible 

infractible 

conversible 

exhaustible 

inaudible 

infrangible 

(conversable) 

exigible 

incircumscriptible 

infusible 

convertible 

expandible 

includible 

inscriptible 

convincible 

expansible 

incoercible 

insensible 

corrigible 

explosible 

incognoscible 

instructible 

corrodible 

expressible 

incombustible 

insubmergible 

corrosible 

extendible 

incommiscible 

insuppressible 

corruptible 

extensible 

incompatible 

insusceptible 

credible 

fallible 

incomprehensible 

intactible 




Rules 30-32] 


SPELLING 


intangible 

negligible 

redemptible 

subvertible 

intelligible 

nexible 

redressible 

supersensible 

interconvertible 

omissible 

reducible 

suppressible 

intervisible 

ostensible 

reflectible 

susceptible 

invencible 

partible 

reflexible 

suspensible 

invendible 

passible 

refrangible 

tangible 

inventible 

(passable) 

remissible 

tensible 

invertible 

perceptible 

renascible 

terrible 

invincible 

perfectible 

rendible 

traducible 

invisible 

permiscible 

reprehensible 

transfusible 

irascible 

permissible 

resistible 

transmissible 

irreducible 

persuasible 

responsible 

transmittible 

irrefrangible 

pervertible 

reversible 

transvertible 

irremissible 

plausible 

revertible 

tripartible 

irreprehensible 

possible 

risible 

unadmissible 

irrepressible 

prehensible 

seducible 

unexhaustible 

irresistible 

prescriptible 

sensible 

unexpressible 

irresponsible 

producible 

sponsible 

unresponsible 

irreversible 

productible 

suasible 

vendible 

legible 

protrusible 

subdivisible 

vincible 

mandible 

putrescible 

submergible 

visible 

marcescible 

receptible 

submersible 

vitrescible 

miscible 




Endings “ise”. 

“ize”, and “yze” 




30. A large number of words have the termination ise, ize, or yze, 
all pronounced ize. The letter l is followed by yze if the word ex¬ 
presses an idea of loosening or separating (from the Greek \v€lv, as 
analyze); all other words of this class, except those ending with the 
suffix wise and those in the following list, end in ize (from the Greek 


advertise 
advise 
affranchise 
apprise (to inform) 
apprize (to ap¬ 
praise) 

arise 

chastise 

circumcise 

comprise 


compromise 

demise 

despise 

devise 

disenfranchise 

disfranchise 

disguise 

emprise 

enfranchise 

enterprise 


excise 

exercise 

exorcise 

franchise 

improvise 

incise 

merchandise 

misadvise 

mortise 

premise 


prise (to force) 
prize (to value) 
reprise 
revise 
rise 

supervise 

surmise 

surprise 


Endings “cede”, “ceed”, and “sede” 

31. Only one word ends in sede (supersede); only three end in 
ceed (exceed, proceed, succeed); all other words of this class end in 
cede (precede, secede, etc.). 


Indefinite articles 

32. The indefinite article a is used before consonants and aspirated 
h; an is used before silent h and all vowels except u pronounced yu 
and o pronounced as in one. 

a historical review a union an hour an onion 

a human being a one-sided view an honor an oyster 



46 


SPELLING 


[Rules 33-36 


Plural forms 

33. Nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel add s to form the 
plural; nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant add es to form 
the plural, except as indicated in the following list: 


albinos 

Eskimos 

merinos 

sextos 

armadillos 

gauchos 

mestizos 

siroccos 

cantos 

halos 

octavos 

solos 

cascos 

inamoratos 

octodecimos 

tobaccos 

centos 

juntos 

pianos 

twos 

didos 

kimonos 

provisos 

tyros 

duodecimos 

lassos 

quartos 

virtuosos 

dynamos 

magnetos 

salvos 

zeros 

embryos 

mementos 

sextodecimos 



34. In forming the plurals of complex titles, the principal word 
(always a noun) takes the plural form. 


Principal word first: 
attorneys general 
charges d’affaires 
postmasters general 
sergeants at arms 
sergeants major 
surgeons general 


Principal word second: 
deputy judges 
judge advocates 
lieutenant colonels 
major generals 
under secretaries 
vice chairmen 


35. The following list comprises some of the words whose plurals 
may cause difficulty: 


addendum, addenda 
alga, algae 

alumnus, alumni (masc.); alumna, alum¬ 
nae (fern.) 

antenna, antennas (antennae in zool¬ 

ogy) 

appendix, appendixes 
basis, bases 
crisis, crises 
criterion, criteria 
datum, data 
desideratum, desiderata 
dilettante, dilettanti 
ellipsis, ellipses 
erratum, errata 
folium, folia 
formula, formulas 
genius, geniuses 
genus, genera 


gladiolus (sing., plu.) 

hypothesis, hypotheses 

index, indexes (indices in mathematics) 

larva, larvae 

lava, lavas 

medium, mediums 

memorandum, memoranda 

phenomenon, phenomena 

proces-verbal, proces-verbaux 

radius, radii 

septum, septa 

stimulus, stimuli 

stratum, strata 

syllabus, syllabi 

synopsis, synopses 

tableau, tableaus 

terminus, termini 

thesis, theses 


Possessives and apostrophes 

36. The possessive case of a singular or plural noun not ending in s 
is formed by adding an apostrophe and s; the possessive case of a 
singular or plural noun ending in s is formed by adding an apostrophe 
only. (See, however, rule 36ci.) 

man’s, men’s hostess’, hostesses’ Jesus’ 

prince’s, princes’ princess’, princesses’ Mars’ 

Essex’s, Essexes’ Jones’, Joneses’ Dumas’ 

(a) In the use of an apostrophe in geographic names, firm names, 
the names of organizations and institutions, and the titles of books the 
authentic form is to be followed. 

Harpers Ferry St. Peter’s Church 

Traders Bank St. Elizabeths Hospital 

Masters, Mates, and Pilots’ Association Johns Hopkins University 
Court of St. James’s Hinds’ Precedents 


Rules 37-42] 


SPELLING 


47 


(6) Possessive pronouns do not take an apostrophe. 

its theirs 

37. The singular possessive case should be used in such general 
terms as the following: 

author’s alterations printer’s ink 

miner’s inch writer’s cramp 

38. An apostrophe is used to indicate contractions and the plurals 
of letters, figures, and symbols. 

don’t it’s (it is) Spirit of ’76 

I’ve Y.M.C.A.’s (plu.) a’s; 7’s; Vs 

39. The possessive case is often used in lieu of an objective phrase 
even though ownership is not involved. 

1 day’s labor (labor for 1 day) for charity’s sake 

a stone’s throw for pity’s sake 

2 weeks’ pay For euphony s is omitted in— 

his going for acquaintance’ sake 

the ship T s hovering for conscience’ sake 

40. The possessive case is not used in such expressions as the fol¬ 

lowing, in which one noun modifies another. 


day labor (labor by the day) 
quartermaster stores 


State prison 
State rights 


41. Other than as indicated in rules 38 and 39, an apostrophe is 
not used if ownership is not to be indicated. 

teachers college Grain Exchanges Act the Williams claim 

Doubled consonants in derivatives 

42. A single consonant following a single vowel and ending a mono¬ 
syllable or a final accented syllable is doubled before a suffix beginning 
with a vowel. 

bag, baggage allot, allotted 

red, reddish concur, concurred 

rob, robbing 

(a) If the accent in a derivative falls upon an earlier syllable than 
in the primitive, the consonant is not doubled, 
refer, reference prefer, preference 


infer, inference 











































COMPOUND WORDS 


(See also Guide to Compounding, p. 165) 


A compound word is a union of two or more words, either with or 
without a hyphen. 

In the development of the English language many separate words 
have been united into compounds because of their close and repeated 
association, but the process, in general for want of guiding principles, 
has been both haphazard and erratic. Consequently current usage 
abounds in inconsistencies, and authorities do not agree. 

A compound word conveys a unit idea that is not conveyed by the 
component words in unconnected succession. The hyphen in a 
compound is a mark of punctuation that not only unites but separates 
the component words and thus facilitates understanding, aids read¬ 
ability, and insures a correct pronunciation. The formation of all 
compounds therefore involves the answer to two questions: 

(1) Is a compound word needed? 

A compound word is needed only if the intended meaning 
is not clearly conveyed by the same words in unconnected 
succession. 

(2) Is the compound word to be hyphened or solid? 

A compound word is to be hyphened only if a hyphen 
is needed to facilitate understanding, aid readability, or 
insure a correct pronunciation; otherwise it is to be solid. 

Since the formation of compounds is a continuous process of 
adopting new word forms to meet new requirements, mere word lists 
can never be complete or satisfactory; therefore principles are the 
only logical criteria for compounding. 

In the interest of uniformity, compounding and the use. of the 
hyphen in compounding are to be governed by the above principles 
and the following rules, examples, and guide based thereon. Other¬ 
wise preference will be given to compounding as shown in Webster’s 
Dictionary. 


Compounding: 

General rules (rules 43, 43a)- 

Use of the hyphen in compounding: 

Rules applying to all parts of speech (rules 44, 45)- 

Compound nouns (rules 46-48a)- 

Compound adjectives (rules 49, 50)- 

Unit modifiers (rules 51-51c)-- - - -- 

Compounds other than nouns and adjectives (rule 52)- 

Elliptical compounds (rule 53)- 

Scientific terms (rule 54)- 

Civil and military titles (rule 55)- 

Fractions (rule 56)- 

Idiomatic phrases (rule 57)-- 

Prefixes and suffixes (rules 58-58c)- 

49 


Page 

50 

50 

51 

51 

52 
52 
52 
52 
52 

52 

53 
53 


I 















50 


COMPOUND WOKDS 


[Rules 43-45 


COMPOUNDING 

(Rules for the hyphen are indicated in parentheses) 


General rules 

43. Two or more words are compounded either to express a unit idea 
(literal or nonliteral) or to avoid ambiguity. (See Guide to Com¬ 
pounding, p. 165.) 


Literal compounds: 
anyone 
drydock 
forethought 
outlaw 
hearsay 
something 
afterglow 
onlooker 
everybody 


ball-like (44a) 
blue-green (50) 
chocolate-brown (50) 
looker-on (46) 
good-looking (49) 
ill-advised (49) 
horsepower-hour (47) 
ninety-seven (47) 
mother-in-law (46) 


childlike 

hereby 

today 

tomorrow 

whitewash 

hammerharden 

moreover 

alongside 

nowadays 


Nonliteral compounds: 
newsprint (paper) 
redcoat (soldier) 
adderstongue (plant) 
lady finger (cake) 
carpetbagger (adventurer) 


hold-up (robbery) (46) 
thimble-eye (fish) (44a) 
walking-wheel (pedometer) (446) 
man-of-war (warship) (46) 
jack-in-the-box (toy) (46) 


(a) In general, two nouns (including verbal nouns ending in ing) 
used together in their literal sense are joined to form a compound 
noun only if one of them functions as a prefix or suffix. (See Guide 
to Compounding, p. 165.) 


Nouns joined (italicized noun functioning as piefix or suffix): 

birthplace landowner copyholder 

bookcase teakettle radiotelegram. 

foot man brick maker iron monger 

doorway hriekmaking clergy woman 


Nouns not joined (meaning clear without compounding): 

abiding place boy king navy yard 

binding tape day labor post office 

dining room fellow citizen school board 

printing office government employee telegraph pole 

training camp insurance office title page 

working day member state wave length 


USE OF THE HYPHEN IN COMPOUNDING 

Rules applying to all parts of speech 

44. A hyphen is used: 

(а) To avoid doubling a vowel or tripling a consonant. 

thimble-eye; brass-smith; ball-like 

(б) To insure ready intelligibility. 

asses’-eyes; head-on 

(c) To join a single capital letter to a noun or participle. 

U-boat; X-ray; T-shaped 

(d) To join the elements of an improvised compound. 

make-believe (n.); blue-pencil (v.); know-it-all (n.) 

45. A derivative of a compound retains the form of the original 
compound : 


hammerhardened 

outlawry 


cold-bloodedness 
ill-ad visedly 


Rules 46-50] 


COMPOUND WORDS 


51 


Compound nouns 

46. A hyphen is used in a compound noun containing an adverb 
as its second element; also in a compound noun consisting of three or 
more words. (Solid compound words used to form other compounds 
should not be broken apart under the second clause of this rule— 
for example, north-northeast; see also rule 47.) 


flare-back forget-me-not (plant) 

go-between man-of-war (warship) 

hold-up mother-in-law 

looker-on jack-in-the-box (toy) 

47. A hyphen is used in compound numbers, in compound (double) 
titles, in compound units of measurement, in complex terms of compass 
direction, and in other complex compounds. 


twenty-one light-year north-northeast 

secretary-treasurer horsepower-hour great-grandfather 


48. A compound noun not hyphened under the above rules is 
written as a solid word. (The elements italicized in the following 
examples are typical of a large group of words that commonly function 
as prefixes or suffixes.) 


airship 
frirJ/iplace 
bookcase 
road side 
play thing 
door way 


newspaper 

onlooker 

teakettle 

■penholder 

brick maker 

brickmaking 


copyholder 

Zadyfinger 

radiotelegram 

huckleberry 

iron monger 

gentlewoman 


(a) A compound containing a possessive noun as one of its elements 
is written as a solid word without an apostrophe unless an apostrophe 
and a hyphen are needed to insure intelligibility. 


bullseye but asses’-eyes (446) 

maresnest ass’s-foot (446) 

St.Johnswort ass’s-parsley (446) 


Compound adjectives 

49. A compound adjective in which the second element is a parti¬ 
ciple or a coined adjective in the form of a participle is hyphened 
unless derived from a solid compound (see rule 45); other compound 
adjectives are written as solid words unless a hyphen is required 
under rules 44, 45, or 50. 


good-looking 

bell-shaped 

ill-advised 

wind-blown 

T-shaped 


chicken-hearted 

cold-blooded 

whole-souled 

high-minded 

light-fingered 


childlike 

fireproof 

headlong 

bloodthirsty 

praiseworthy 


50. Compound color terms are hyphened. 


blue-green chocolate-brown but bluish green 

orange-red milk-white dark green 


52 


COMPOUND WORDS 


[Rules 51-56 


Unit modifiers 

51. Words combined to form a unit modifier immediately preceding 
the word or words modified are hyphened except as indicated in 
rules 51a, 516, and 51c. 


above-mentioned law 
bluish-green dress 
contested-election case 
distinguished-service medal 
navy-yard employee 
well-known author 
Washington-Alexandria region 


black-and-tan dog 
matter-of-fact way 
most-favored-nation clause 
one-half interest 
two-party system 
two-thirds majority 
10-foot pole 


(a) The hyphen is not used if the first word is an adverb ending 
in ly or if the first word in a three-word modifier is an adverb and 
modifies the second. 


nicely kept lawn 

very well defined rating curve 

(6) Proper names used as unit modifiers retain their noun form. 

Haute-Vienne (French town): Haute-Vienne avenues 
United States: United States laws 

(c) A modifier should not be confused with the word it modifies. 

competent shoemaker 
wooden-shoe maker 


Compounds other than nouns and adjectives 

52. Compounds other than nouns and adjectives are written as 
solid words unless a hyphen is required under rules 44 or 45. 

gainsay (ing) today inasmuch 

caseharden(ed) tomorrow nowadays 

hammerharden(ed) everybody whosoever 

Elliptical compounds 

53. Where two or more hyphened compounds have a common basic 
element and this element is omitted in all but the last, the hyphens 
are retained. 

2- or 3-em quads (not 2 or 3-em quads) 

long- and short-term money rates (not long and short-term money rates) 
but twofold or threefold (not two or threefold: solid words inseparable) 

Scientific terms 

54. The compounding and hyphening of scientific terms are governed 
by scientific usage. (In general, copy is considered authoritative.) 

Civil and military titles 

55. Civil and military (single) titles are not hyphened. 

commander in chief under secretary but under-secretaryship 
major general vice president vice-presidency 

Fractions 

56. A fraction is not hyphened unless used as a unit modifier. 

two thirds 

twenty-three thirtieths 
twenty-three thirty-seconds 
but two-thirds majority (rule 51) 


Rales 57, 58] 


COMPOUND WORDS 


53 


Idiomatic phrases 

57. Idiomatic phrases are not hyphened. 


come by (obtain) 
Monday week 


inasmuch as 
insofar as 


Prefixes and suffixes 

58. Prefixes and suffixes form derivatives—not compounds—and 
therefore do not require a hyphen except as indicated below. 


antedate 

antislavery 

bylaw 

cooperate 

countercase 

deenergize 

excommunicate 

extraordinary 


infrared 

interview 

misstate 


semiofficial 
ste “ 
su 


percent age 
twenty fold 
man hood 



nonneutral 


superfine 

transship 

tricolor 


selfish 
stain less 


postscript 

preexist 

prooptic 

reenact 


relations/iip 

northward 

clockwise 


ultraviolet 

unnecessary 


(a) Combining 


forms are treated as prefixes, 

ic planoconvex Anglomania 


heroicomic 


(b) The prefixes ex (former), quasi , and self (reflexive) and the 
suffix elect require a hyphen. 


ex-governor quasi-contract self-interest 

ex-trader quasi-deposit self-defense 


president-elect 

vice-president-elect 


(c) A hyphen is also used: 

To avoid doubling a vowel (except after the short prefixes co, de, pre, pro , 
re): anti-imperial; micro-organism; ultra-atomic. 

To join a prefix to a proper name: un-American; Anglo-American; but 
Pan American (official usage). 

To prevent mispronunciation or misinterpretation: contra-indicated; 
dynamo-electric; re-treat (treat again); non-civil-service positions; 
anti-hog-cholera serum. 

174205°—33-4 












, 


















































ABBREVIATIONS 

(See also Numerals; Symbols) 

Abbreviations are used to save space and to avoid distracting the 
mind of the reader by a repetition of long, cumbersome words or 
phrases. 

The nature of the publication governs the extent to which abbre¬ 
viations are used. In ordinary text abbreviations are to be avoided, 
with a few exceptions; in formal usage even fewer abbreviations are 
required; in the text of technical publications and in parentheses, 
footnotes, sidenotes, tables, leader work, and bibliographies many 
words are commonly abbreviated. Cut-in side heads are regarded 
as text. 

Some scientific, technical, and industrial groups have adopted 
definite forms of abbreviations for terms in their specialized fields, 
and these forms are acceptable for use in publications falling within 
the respective fields. 


Page 


Capitalization, hyphenation, period, and spacing (rules 59, 59a)_ 55 

Geographic terms (rules 60-63)_ 56 

Descriptions of tracts of land (rules 64, 64a)_ 56 

Names and titles (rules 65-676)--- 57 

Parts of publications (rule 68)_ 58 

Terms relating to Congress (rules 69-71)- 58 

Calendar divisions (rules 72, 73)- 58 

Common abbreviations (rule 74)- 59 

Terms of measure (rules 75-80)- 60 

Money (rule 81)_____ 61 


RULES 

Capitalization, hyphenation, period, and spacing 

59. In general, an abbreviation follows the capitalization and 
hyphenation of the word or words abbreviated. It is followed by a 
period unless otherwise indicated. 

A. A.A.S. no. 

c.o.d. ft.-lb. 

(a) In the abbreviation of an expression of two or more words each 
element is followed by the period, and if any element consists of a 
single letter the whole abbreviation (initials of names excepted) is run 
together without spaces. 

D.C. N.Mex. 

B. t.u. but C. M. Jones 

55 














56 


ABBREVIATIONS 


[Rules 60-64 


Geographic terms 

60. The words United States are abbreviated if preceding the name 
of a Government organization in parentheses, footnotes, sidenotes, 
tables, and leader work; also in all cases if preceding the name of a 
Government vessel. 

U.S. Government 

U.S. National Museum 

U.S. monitor Nantucket 

U.S.S. Brooklyn (note abbreviation for ship) 

61. In other than formal usage the names of States of the United 
States (except Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, and Utah) and of Puerto 
Eico and the Philippine Islands are abbreviated after any geographic 
term, including armory, arsenal, aviation field, barrack, fort, Indian 
agency, military camp, national forest, national park, navy yard, 
reservation, reservoir, or station. 

Richmond, Va. Mount Rainier National Forest, Wash. 

Anne Arundel County, Md. Stone Mountain, Ga. 

Approved forms of abbreviations: 


Ala. 

Ill. 

Mo. 

Okla. 

Vt. 

Ariz. 

Ind. 

Mont. 

Oreg. 

Va. 

Ark. 

Kans. 

Nebr. 

Pa. 

Wash. 

Calif. 

Ky. 

Nev. 

P.I. 

W.Va. 

Colo. 

La. 

N.H. 

P.R. 

Wis. 

Conn. 

Md. 

N.J. 

R.I. 

Wyo. 

Del. 

Mass. 

N.Mex. 

S.C. 


D.C. 

Mich. 

N.Y. 

S.Dak. 


Fla. 

Minn. 

N.C. 

Tenn. 


Ga. 

Miss. 

N.Dak. 

Tex. 



(a) The names of other insular possessions and of Territories and 
foreign countries are not abbreviated. 

62. The words street , avenue, place, and boulevard are abbreviated 
only if necessary to save space, as in tables or leader work. For the 
numbers of streets or avenues, figures are used in tables and leader 
work; elsewhere numbers of streets and avenues are spelled out. 

First Street NW. Ninth Avenue 

but E Street East (to prevent confusion ); also West, North, South 

63. The words jort, mount, point , and port are not abbreviated. 

Descriptions of tracts of land 1 

64. In the description of tracts of public land the following abbre¬ 
viations are used: 

SE%NWK sec. 4, T. 12 S., R. 15 E. of the Boise meridian 
lot 6, NEK sec. 4, T. 6 N., R. 1 W. 

NK sec. 20, T. 7 N., R. 2 W. sixth principal meridian 
Tps. 9, 10, 11, and 12 S., Rs. 12 and 13 W. 

T. 3 S., R. 1 E., sec. 34, Wy 2 E%, Wtf, and W^SE^SEK 
sec. 32 (with or without a township number) 

(a) In such descriptions where fractions are spelled out half and 
quarter are used (not one half or one quarter). 

south half of T. 47 N., R. 64 E. 


1 For full details, see Specifications for Descriptions of Tracts of Land for Use in Executive Orders and 
Proclamations, published by the Board of Surveys and Maps of the Federal Government, 193i» 



Rules 65-67] 


ABBREVIATIONS 


57 


Names and titles 

65. Christian names are abbreviated only if it is necessary to save 
space. The following forms are used: 

Benj. Edwd. Sami. 

Danl. Jas. Thos. 

(a) The following forms are not always abbreviations, and copy 
should be followed as to periods: 

Alex Ed Sam 

Ben Fred Will 

(b) In signatures the form used by the signer must be retained. 

George Wythe Geo. Taylor 

66. In firm names, if it is not necessary to preserve the full legal 
title, the forms Bro., Bros., Co., Ltd., Inc., and cfe are used; the word 
Corporation, if a part of the name, is not abbreviated. 

American Telephone & Telegraph Co. Smith & Bro. 

Jones Bros. & Co. Vic Sport Shop, Inc. 

Maryland Steamship Co., Ltd. Hough Shade Corporation 

(a) The words railroad and railway are abbreviated (R.R., Ry.) in 
parentheses, footnotes, sidenotes, tables, and leader work, except in 
such names as “Washington Railway & Electric Co.” and “Florida 
Railroad & Navigation Corporation. ” 

( b) In the names of informal companionships the word and is 
spelled out. 

Gilbert and Sullivan Cuvier and Valenciennes 


67. In other than formal usage a civil, military, or naval title 
preceding a name is abbreviated if followed by Christian name or 
initial. Mr., Mrs., and Dr. are always abbreviated. 


Adjt. 

Adjt. Gen. 
Asst. Surg. 
Brig. Gen. 

Bvt. 

Capt. 

Col. 

Com. Sgt. 
Corp. 

First Lt. 

First Sgt. 

Gen. 

Gov. 

Hosp. Sgt. 
Hosp. Steward 
Insp. Gen. 


Judge Adv. Gen. 

Lt. 

Lt. Col. 

Lt. Comdr. 

Lt. Gen. 

Lt. Gov. 

Lt. (Jr. Gr.) 

M., MM. (Monsieur, 
Messieurs) 

Maj. 

Maj. Gen. 

Messrs. 

Mile. 

Mme. 

Ord. Sgt. (Ordnance Ser¬ 
geant) 


Orderly Sgt. 
Passed Asst. Surg. 
Prof. 

Pvt. 

Pvt. (1st cl.) 

Q.M. Gen. 

Q.M. Sgt. 

Second Lt. 

Sgt. 

Sgt. Maj. 

Supt. 

Surg. 

Surg. Gen. 

Surg. Maj. 

Third Lt. Eng. 


(a) The words Honorable and Reverend are adjectives, not titles, 
and should be followed by the first name, the initials, or the appro¬ 
priate title; they are usually abbreviated unless preceded by the. 


Hon. Elihu Root; the Honorable Elihu Root 
the Honorable Mr. Curtis 

Rev. Allen A. Stockdale; Rev. Dr. Stockdale (not Rev. Stockdale) 
the Reverend Dr. Graham 

Rt. Rev. James E. Freeman; the Right Reverend James E. Freeman 


(b) The following abbreviations are used after a name: 


Esq., Jr., Sr. 

Degrees: LL.D., M.A., Ph.D., etc. 
Fellowships, orders, etc.: F.R.S., K.C.B., etc. 


58 


ABBREVIATION'S 


[Rules 68-73 


Parts of publications 

68. For parts of publications mentioned in parentheses, footnotes, 
sidenotes, lists of references, synonymies, tables, and leader work, the 
following abbreviations are used: 


art., arts, (article, articles) 
ch., chs. (chapter, chapters) 
fig., figs, (figure, figures) 
no., nos. (number, numbers) 
p., pp. (page, pages) 


par., pars, (paragraph, paragraphs) 
pi., pis. (plate, plates) 
pt., pts. (part, parts) 
sec., secs, (section, sections) 
vol., vols. (volume, volumes) 


Terms relating to Congress 

69. For the words Congress and session in parentheses, footnotes, 
sidenotes, lists of references, synonymies, tables, and leader work, 
the following abbreviations are used (note punctuation): 

72d Cong., 1st sess. 

1st sess. 72d Cong. 

70. References to bills, resolutions, documents, and reports in 
parentheses, footnotes, sidenotes, tables, and leader work are abbre¬ 
viated as follows: 

H.R. 416 (House bill) S.J.Res. 45 (Senate joint resolution) 

S. 116 (Senate bill) H.Doc. 35 (House document) 

H.Res. 5 (House resolution) S.Doc. 62 (Senate document) 

H.Con.Res. 10 (House concurrent reso- H.Rept. 214 (House report) 
lution) S.Rept. 410 (Senate report) 

H.J.Res. 21 (House joint resolution) Ex. Doc. 20 (Executive document) 
S.Res. 50 (Senate resolution) Misc. Doc. 16 (miscellaneous docu- 

S.Con.Res. 17 (Senate concurrent reso- ment) 
lution) 

71. References to statutes in parentheses, footnotes, sidenotes, 
tables, and leader work are abbreviated as follows (for abbreviations 
of State names, see rule 61): 

Rev. &tat. (Revised Statutes) 

Supp. Rev. Stat. (Supplement to the Revised Statutes) 

Stat.L. (Statutes at Large) 


Calendar divisions 

72. The names of months (except May, June, July), where followed 
by the day, are abbreviated in parentheses, footnotes, sidenotes, 
tables, and leader work as follows: 

Jan. Apr. Oct. 

Feb. Aug. Nov. 

Mar. Sept. Dec. 

. (a) In narrow columns of tables the names of months may be abbre¬ 
viated even if standing alone. 

73. The names of days of the week are preferably not abbreviated, 
but the following forms are used if necessary to save space. 

Mon. Thurs. Sat. 

Tues. Fri. Sun. 

Wed. 


Rule 74] 


ABBREVIATIONS 


59 


Common abbreviations 

74. The following abbreviations are in common use: 

A.D., anno Domini (in the year of our Lord) 

a. i., ad interim (in the interim) 

A. M., anno mundi (in the year of the world) 

B. C., before Christ 

b. o., buyer’s option 

B. t.u., British thermal units 
ca., circa (about) 

C. Cls., Court of Claims 

C.Cls. R., Court of Claims Reports 

c. i.f., cost, insurance, and freight 
c.m., circular mil (wire measure) 
c.o.d., cash on delivery 

c.p.a., certified public accountant 
cf., confer (compare) 

e. g., exempli gratia (for example) 
et al., et alii, et aliae (and others) 

et seq., et sequentes, et sequentia (and the following) 
et ux., et uxor (and wife) 
etc., et cetera (and so forth) 

f. , if., and following page (pages) 
f.a.s., free alongside 

f.o.b., free on board 

F.R.S., Fellow of the Royal Society 

f°, folio 

feet b.m., feet board measure (with figures) 
ft.-lb., foot-pound 
hp., horsepower 

ibid., ibidem (in the same place) 
id., idem (the same) 
i.e., id est (that is) 

inch 3 , square inch (superior figure here not a reference) 
inch 8 , cubic inch (superior figure here not a reference) 

K. C.B., Knight Commander of the Bath 
kw.-hr., kilowatt-hour 

L. S., locus sigilli (place of the seal) 
loc. cit., loco citato (in the place cited) 
ms., mss., manuscript, manuscripts 
n.e.s., not elsewhere specified 

no., nos., number, numbers (only preceding figures) 
n.o.i.b.n., not otherwise indexed by name 
nol-pros, nolle prosequi (to be unwilling to prosecute) 
non-pros (v.), non prosequitur (he does not prosecute) 

O.K., O.K.’d., O.K.ing 

O.R.C., Officers’ Reserve Corps 

op. cit., opere citato (in the work cited) 

p., pp., page, pages 

percent (no period), per centum 

p. p.m., parts per million 

q. v., quod vide (which see) 

R. O.T.C., Reserve Officers’ Training Corps 

r. p.m., revolutions per minute 

S. A.T.C., Student Army Training Corps 

SOS (no periods), suspend other service (wireless distress signal) 
sec.-ft., second-foot 
ser., series 

sp. gr., specific gravity 
ss, scilicet (namely, in law) 

S. S., steamship (with name) 

St., SS., Saint, Saints 

T. , Tps., township, townships 
TB (no periods), tuberculosis 
TNT (no periods), trinitrotoluol 

U. S.A., United States of America 
U.S. Army, United States Army 



60 


ABBREVIATION'S 


[Rules 75-79 


U.S.C., United States Code 

U.S.N.R., United States Naval Reserve 

U.S.S.R., Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 

U S 40 (no periods), United States Highway No. 40 

v. or vs., versus (against) 

viz (no period), videlicet (namely) 

WMAL, etc. (no periods), radio stations 
4°, quarto 
8°, octavo 


Terms of measure 

75. Compass directions are abbreviated as follows: 

N. E. S. W. 10° N. 25° W. 

NE. SW. NNW. ESE. NW. by N. W. 

76. The words latitude and longitude followed by figures are 
abbreviated in parentheses, footnotes, sidenotes, tables, and leader 
work, and the figures are closed up. 

lat. 52°33'05" N. 
long. 13°21'10" E. 

77. Temperature and gravity are expressed in figures with the 
degree mark; the following abbreviations are used: 


C., centigrade 
F., Fahrenheit 
Cel., Celsius 
R., Reaumur 
K., Kelvin 
Abs., absolute 


B., Baum6 

A.P.I., American Petroleum Institute 
Twad., Twaddell 
32° F. 

273.1° K. 

18° A.P.I. 


78. References to meridian in statements of time are abbreviated 
as follows: 


10 a.m. 12 m. (noon) 

2:30 p.m. (equal space each side of colon) 12 p.m. (midnight) 

(a) The word o’clock is not needed with the above abbreviations. 


79. Metric abbreviations are simply the initial letters of the respec¬ 
tive units combined with the initial letters of the prefixes, set in 
lower-case and without period, the same form being used for both 
singular and plural. 

Prefixes and their meaning Metric units 

m milli «=one thousandth (0.001) m meter (for length) 

c centi *=one hundredth (0.01) g gram (for weight or mass) 

d deci *=one tenth (0.1) 1 liter (for capacity) 

[The unit equals 1] 
dk deka *=ten (10) 
h hecto=one hundred (100) 
k kilo «=one thousand (1,000) 



Length 


Area 


Volume 

km 

kilometer 

km 2 

square kilometer 

km 3 

cubic kilometer 

hm 

hectometer 

hm 2 

square hectometer 

hm 3 

cubic hectometer 

dkm 

dekameter 

dkm 2 

square dekameter 

dkm 3 

cubic dekameter 

m 

meter 

m 2 

square meter 

m 3 

cubic meter 

dm 

decimeter 

dm 2 

square decimeter 

dm 3 

cubic decimeter 

cm 

centimeter 

cm 2 

square centimeter 

cm 3 

cubic centimeter 

mm 

millimeter 

mm 2 

square millimeter 

mm 3 

cubic millimeter 

mu 

micron (0.001 mm) 
millimicron 

M 2 

square micron 

M 3 

cubic micron 


Rules 80, 81] 


ABBREVIATIONS 


61 



Weight 

Land area 

Capacity of containers 

kg 

kilogram 

ha hectare 

kl kiloliter 

hg 

hectogram 

a are 

hi hectoliter 

dkg 

•dekagram 

ca centare 

dkl dekaliter 

g 

gram 


1 liter 

dg 

decigram 


dl deciliter 

eg 

centigram 


cl centiliter 

mg 

milligram 


ml milliliter 

(a) A similar plan 
metric system. 

of abbreviation applies 

to any unit based on 


A angstrom 

h henry 

kc kilocycle 


a ampere 

j joule 

mf millifarad 


c cycle (kc only) 

ohm (not abbrevi¬ 

juf microfarad (one mil¬ 


d dyne 

ated) 

lionth of a farad) 


e erg 

v volt 

ph one millionth of a 


f farad 

w watt 

micron 


80. The units of English weight and measure are abbreviated as 
follows, the same form of abbreviation being used for both singular 
and plural: 


Length 

in., inch 
ft., foot 
yd., yard 

mile(s), not abbreviated 
Weight 

grain (s), not abbreviated 

dr., dram 

oz., ounce 

lb., pound 

cwt., hundredweight 

ton(s), not abbreviated 


Area and volume 
sq. in. 
cu. in. 
sq; mile (s) 
cu. ft. 

Capacity 

gill (s), not abbreviated 
pt., pint 
qt., quart 
gal., gallon 
k., peck 
u., bushel 
bbl., barrel 


Money 

81. For terms indicating money the following abbreviations and 
symbols are used: 

S (dollars) £ (pounds) 

c., £ (cent, cents) s. (shillings) 

T (pesos) d. (pence) 

£12 16s. 8d. (not 12/16/8) 


(For the abbreviations of other terms indicating foreign money, 
see Foreign Coins, p. 155.) 























. 

■ 












* 












































NUMERALS 

(See also Tabular Work; Leader Work) 

Arabic numerals are generally preferable to roman numerals. 

Most rules for the use of arabic numerals are based on the general 
principle that they are used in expressions of quantity or measure¬ 
ment, in enumerations, and in matter that is primarily statistical, 
but that numbers are spelled out in certain connections for special 
reasons. . The following rules cover the most common conditions 
that require a decision between the use of arabic numerals and words. 
Some of them, however, are based on typographic appearance rather 
than on the general principle stated above. 

Numbers expressed in figures: Page 

Punctuation (rule 82)_ 63 

Quantities and measurements (rule 83)_ 63 

Enumerations (rules 84, 84c)_ 65 

Chemical formulas (rule 85)_ 65 

Fractions (rules 86, 87)_ 65 

Numbers spelled out: 

Numbers beginning a sentence (rule 88)_ 65 

Serious and dignified subjects (rules 89, 89a)_ 65 

Enumerations (rules 90, 91)_ 66 

Related numbers (rule 92)_ 66 

Round numbers (rule 93)_ 66 

Fractions (rule 94)_ 66 


NUMBERS EXPRESSED IN FIGURES 

Punctuation 

82. The comma is used in a number containing four or more digits, 
except in serial numbers. (See also rule 84.) 

2,349 364,320 8,123,400 

Quantities and measurements 

83. Quantities and measurements are expressed in figures, as 
indicated below. 

Age: 

6 years old 

52 years 10 months 6 days 
a 3-year-old 

Clock time (see also Time): 

4:30 p.m. (equal space each side of colon) 

10 o’clock or 10 p.m. (preferably not 10 o’clock p.m.) 
half past 4 

4 h 30 m or 4.5 h , in scientific work, if so written in copy 


63 














64 


NUMERALS 


Dates: 

June 1917; June 29, 1917 (not June, 1917, or June 29th, 1917) 
the 5th instant 

4th of July (but Fourth of July, meaning the holiday) 
the 1st [day] of the month (but the last of April or the first of May, 
not referring to specific days) 

In referring to a fiscal year, consecutive years, or a continuous period 
covering more than two years the contracted forms 1931-32, 1801-2, 
1875-79 are used (but 1895-1914, 1900-1901); for two or more separate 
vears not representing a continuous period a comma is used instead of a 
dash (1875, 1879). 


Decimals: In text a cipher should be supplied before a decimal point if 
there is no unit, and ciphers should be omitted after a decimal point unless 
they indicate exact measurement. 

0.25 inch 
silver 0.900 fine 
specific gravity 0.9547 
gage height 10.0 feet 

but .30 caliber (meaning 0.30 inch; bore of small arms); 30 calibers 
(length) 


Degrees, etc. (spaces omitted): 
longitude 77°04'06" E. 
latitude 49°26'14" N. 
a polariscopic test of 85° 
45.5° to 49.5° below zero 
an angle of 57° 

Market quotations: 

4K-percent bonds 
Liberty bonds sell at 95 
Metropolitan Railroad, 109 

Measurements: 

110 meters 
about 10 yards 
8 by 12 inches 

(not 8x12 inches or 8 x 12") 
1)6 miles 
6 acres 
40 bushels 
1 gallon 
3 ems 

Money (see also rule 91): 

$3.65; $0.75; 75 cents 
$3 per 200 pounds 
75 cents apiece 
3 £ to 5£ (no spaces) 

Rs.3,225,644 (Indian rupees) 

Percentage: 


strike N. 16° E. 

dip 47° W., or 47° N. 31° W. 

gravity 16.6° B. 

25'.5 or 25.5', as in copy 


gold is 109 
wheat at 42 
sugar, .03 


20/400 (vision) 

60 u 

2,500 horsepower 

15 cubic yards 

12 pound's 

245 second-feet 

80 foot-pounds 

10s (for yarns and threads) 

but tenpenny nail 


2.5 francs or fr.2.5 
£2 4s. 0d. 

65 ven 
P2t)5 


of 1 percent) 


12 percent; 25.5 percent: 0.5 percent (or one half 
3.65 bonds; 3.65’s, 5-20 bonds; 5-20's; 4 Vs; 3 s 
50-50 (colloquial expression) 


Proportion: 

1 to 4 

1:62,500 (equal space each side of colon) 

Time (see also Clock time): 

6 hours 8 minutes 20 seconds S da vs 

10 years 3 months 29 days ^ minutes 


Kales *-»] 


SUMEfcA^ 


65 


Unit modifiers: 

5-day weelf 10-foot pole 

8-year-old wine K-ineh pipe tee also rule 86) 

8-hour day 


Enumerations 

84. Figures are generally used for enumerations and serial numbers, 
as follows (see also rule 90): 

(a) Groups of enumerations (including two or more items). 

8 horses and 9 cows (but six horses; see rule 90c) 

5 men, 3 women, and 9 children 

(b) Isolated numbers of 10 or more. 


50 ballots 
10 guns 
24 horses 


(c) Serial numbers. 

Bulletin 725 
Document 71 
pages 352-357 
paragraph 1 
3 UA 24 


nearly 10 miles 
about 40 men 
10 times as large 


Genesis 39:20 (equal space each side of colon) 

Metropolitan 9020 (telephone number; 

the year 1931 

17825 St. Clair Avenue 

Letters Patent No. 189463 


Chemical formulas 

85. In chemical formulas ordinary figures are used before the sym¬ 
bol or group of symbols to which they relate and inferior figures after 
the symbol. 

6PbS. (Ag,Cu)*S.2AfljS* 

Fractions 

86. Built fractions (K, X, %, X, X, /s, X 954 ) are used in text, but the 
shilling mark with full-sized figures (1/4, 1/2954) may be used if 
specially requested. 

87. Figure fractions are used in a unit modifier. (See also rule 94.) 

H-inch pipe 


NUMBERS SPELLED OUT 


Numbers beginning a sentence 

SS. Numbers are generally spelled out at the beginning of a sentence, 
but in technical matter or to avoid cumbersome expressions arabie 
numerals are used even in that position. A colon preceding a number 
does not affect the use of numerals. 


Serious and dignified subjects 

89. Numbers mentioned in connection with serious and dignified 
subjects are spelled out. 

the Thirteen Original States 

in the year nineteen hundred and thirty-two (In formal documents'* 

the Seventy-second Cotigress 

millions for defense but not one cent for tribute 

(a) Numbers larger than 1,000, if spelled out, should In' in the 
following form: 

two thousand and twenty 

one thousand eight hundred and fifty 

eighteen hundred and fifty (serial number) 


66 


NUMERALS 


[Rules 90-94 


Enumerations 

90. The following enumerations are spelled out: 

(a) Enumerations preceding a compound modifier containing a 
figure. 

two %-inch boards 
twelve 6-inch guns 

( b ) Indefinite expressions. 

the early seventies 
in the eighties 

between two and three hundred horses 

(c) Isolated enumerations less than 10. 

six horses 
five wells 

(d) Ordinal numbers, except in dates and in technical work. 

twentieth century 
sixty-sixth birthday 
One Hundred and Twentieth Street 
but 141st meridian, 32d parallel (in technical work) 

91. In expressing large numbers the word million (or a similar group 
term) may be spelled out. 

20 million 25)4 million dollars 

460 millions 2% thousands 

Related numbers 

92. Related numbers close together at the beginning of a sentence 
are treated alike. (See also rule 88.) 

Fifty or sixty miles away is snow-clad Mount McKinley. 

Round numbers 

93. Round numbers are spelled out. 

a hundred cows a million and a half 

a thousand dollars one or two millions 

forty-odd people one hundred and odd men 

Fractions 

94. Fractions standing alone are generally spelled out. (Note 
omission of hyphen in fractions; see rule 56.) 

three fourths of an inch 
one half inch 
one fourth inch 

or, if copy so reads and is uniform: 
three quarters of an inch 
half an inch 
a quarter of an inch 


SYMBOLS 

The increased use of symbols and their importance in technical and 
scientific work has emphasized the necessity of standardization on a 
national basis and of the consistent use of the standard forms. 

Certain symbols are well standardized—number symbols (the digits, 
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), letter symbols (the letters of the alphabet, 
a, b, c, d, etc.), and graphic symbols (the arithmetical signs +, —, 
X, -T-). As heretofore, the Government Printing Office will furnish 
at cost new special symbols for technical matter when necessary. 


Page 


Letter symbols (rule 95)_ 67 

Chemical symbols (rule 96)_ 67 

Standardized symbols (rule 97)_ 67 

Examples (98)_ 67 


RULES 

Letter symbols 

95. Letter symbols are set in italics without periods and are capital¬ 
ized only if so shown in copy, since the capitalized form may have an 
entirely different meaning. However, a few symbols are set in roman 
if so indicated in copy. 

Chemical symbols 

96. The chemical elements are designated by the initial letter or 
a shortened form of the English or Latin name. Not being strictly 
symbols but rather abbreviations, they are set in roman. 

Standardized symbols 

97. Symbols duly standardized through the procedure of any 
national qualified scientific, professional, or technical group are ac¬ 
cepted as preferred forms within the field of the group when a duly 
authenticated copy of such standardized symbols is furnished to the 
Government Printing Office. The issuing office desiring or requiring 
the use of such standardized symbols should see that copy is prepared 
accordingly. 

Examples 

98. The following approved lists of standardized symbols are 
acceptable under rule 97, since they have passed the conditions set 
forth in that rule, approved copies having been furnished to the Style 
Board: 

Mathematical Symbols (ASA Z lOf—1928). 

Letter Symbols for Electrical Quantities (ASA Z lOgl). 

Aeronautical Symbols (ASA Z lOe—1929). 

Graphical Symbols for Telephone and Telegraph Use (ASA Z 10g6—1929). 
Symbols for Hydraulics (ASA Z 10b—1929). 


67 








68 


SYMBOLS 


Symbols for Photometry and Illumination (ASA Z lOd—1930). 

Symbols for Heat and Thermodynamics (ASA Z 10c—1931). 

Report of the Committee on Standardization of the Institute of Radio 
Engineers, reprinted from the 1931 Yearbook of the Institute of Radio 
Engineers. 

Symbols for Mechanics Structural Engineering, and Testing Materials 
(ASA Z 10a—1932). 



PUNCTUATION 


Punctuation is a device to clarify the meaning of written or printed 
language. In speech, pauses and emphasis serve the same purpose. 
Either punctuation or pauses, if wrongly placed, may alter the sense. 

Well-planned word order requires a minimum of punctuation. The 
trend toward less punctuation calls for skillful phrasing to avoid ambi¬ 
guity and insure exact interpretation. 

The punctuation required even in well-phrased text should aid 
clearness. If the use of a punctuation mark is in doubt, the question 
to be asked is “Why?’] rather than “Why not?” If doubt persists, 
the mark should be omitted to aid the smooth flow of words. Marks 
interrupt. They are needed only to make the thought clearer or to 
facilitate oral expression. Beyond that they are detrimental to speed, 
ease, and exactness of understanding. 

Rules for punctuation may be arbitrary in origin and may be 
observed from habit or inertia. Moreover, rules cannot be devised 
to meet all exigencies in the limitless variety of word sequence; 
hence principles must govern. 

At each critical point in a sentence there may be a choice of punc¬ 
tuation, so that the following brief summary of the functions of 
punctuation marks, in order of decreasing break, may prove helpful: 

The period marks a full break or complete stop. 

The dash, parenthesis, bracket, and comma allow the interpolation of extra¬ 
neous matter in the main text. 

Marks of ellipsis break the continuity of the text to indicate an omission. 

The colon introduces the text that follows it but does not necessarily break 
the continuity of the thought. 

The semicolon breaks the text with somewhat more force than the comma 
and should not be used where a comma will suffice. 

The comma—the least break in the text—prevents ambiguity by setting off 
items in sequence where a false connection might otherwise be imputed. 

Quotation marks, question marks, exclamation points, apostrophes, 
hyphens, and braces all have unique functions which require no 
explanation. 

The general principles governing the use of punctuation are (1) that 
if it does not clarify the text it should be omitted and (2) that in the 
choice and placing of punctuation marks the sole aim should be to 
bring out more clearly the author’s thought. 


Page 

Apostrophe (rules 99, 100)- 70 

Brace (rule 101)- 70 

Brackets (rules 102, 103)_ 70 

Colon (rules 104-104g)- 71 

Comma (rules 105-106d)_ 71 

Dash (rules 107-1086)_ 73 

Ellipsis (rule 109)- 74 

Exclamation point (rules 110-1106)- 74 

Hyphen (rules 111-1116)_--- 74 

Parentheses (rules 112-113a)- 74 

174205°—33-5 69 













70 


PUNCTUATION 


[Rules 99-103 


Period (rules 114-115d)- 

Question mark (rules 116-116c) _ 
Quotation marks (rules 117-121) 

Semicolon (rules 122, 123)- 

Single punctuation (rule 124) — 


Page 

75 

76 

76 

77 
77 


RULES 

Apostrophe 

99. The apostrophe is used— 

(a) To indicate a contraction. 

it’s (it is) the spirit of ’76 

1890’s m’lean (c omitted in small capitals) 

( b ) To form the plurals of letters, figures, and symbols. 

W.C.T.U.’s 7’s; 1’s 

p’s and q’s 2X4’s (timber) 

(c) To form the possessive case. 

John’s Burns’ Joneses’ 

100. The apostrophe is omitted in abbreviations. 


Danl. 


Brace 


Sgt. 


101. The brace is used to show the relation of one line or group of 
lines to another group of lines. The point is placed toward the fewer 
number of lines, or, if the number of lines is the same, toward the 


single group. 

'1-hour jobsj 

Supervision of 
timber sales/ 

2-hour jobsj 
( 


,3-hour jobsj 

Brackets 

l 


District 1| 

.District 7[l)4 hours’ travel time.. 
District 6j 

District 4_1 hour’s travel time_ 


[District 5 


Sales conducted 
monthly from 
May to July. 


102. Brackets, in pairs, are used— 

(a) To indicate a correction, a supplied omission, or an inter¬ 
polation. 


He came on the 3d [2d] of July. 

Our conference [lasted] 2 hours. 

The general [Washington] ordered him to leave. 

The paper was as follows [reads]: 

They fooled only themselves. [Laughter.] 

Our party will always serve the people [applause], in spite of the opposition 
[loud applause]. (If more than one bracketed interpolation, both are 
included within the sentence.) 

I do not know. [Continues reading:] 

The Witness. He did it that way [indicating]. 

Q. (By Mr. Smith.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list]? 

(6) In bills, contracts, etc., to indicate matter that is to be omitted. 

103. A single bracket may be used in poetry and indexes before 
overrun words or figures. 

[of all. 

Till one man’s weakness grows the strength 

Argentina: [710 

Wireless, regulations of__ 93, 682, 703, 










Rules 104, 105] 


PUNCTUATION 


71 


Colon 

104. The colon is used— 

(а) To introduce a clause that supplements the preceding clause. 
(See Capitalization, rule 186.) 

Railroading is not a variety of outdoor sport: it is service. 

(б) After a complimentary address. 

My Dear Sir: 

Ladies and Gentlemen: (flush) 

(c) To introduce formally any matter that follows. 

The following question came up for discussion: What policy should be 
adopted? 

He said: [if direct quotation of more than a few words follows]. (See rule 
1056.) 

( d ) In expressing clock time. 

2 : 40 p.m. (equal space each side of colon) 

( e ) In Biblical citations. 

Luke 1:3 (equal space each side of colon) 

I Corinthians xiii: 13 (equal space each side of colon) 

(/) In proportions. 

Concrete mixed 1:3:5 (equal space each side of colons) 

{g) After introductory lines in lists, tables, and leader work, if 
indented subentries follow. 

Seward Peninsula: 

Council district: 

Northern Light Mining Co. 

Wild Goose Trading Co. 

Fairhaven district: 

Alaska Dredging Association. 

Comma 

105. The comma is used— 

(а) To separate two words or figures that might otherwise be 
misunderstood. 

Instead of hundreds, thousands came. 

Instead of 20, 50 came. 

February 10, 1929. 

In 1930, 400 men were dismissed. 

To John, Smith was very kind. 
but To John he was very kind. 

In 1930 there were 400 men dismissed. 

(б) Before a direct quotation of only a few words following an 
introductory phrase. (See rule 104c.) 

He said, “Now or never.” 

(c) To indicate the omission of a word or words. 

Then we had much; now, nothing. 

(d) After each of a series of coordinate qualifying words, 

short, swift streams; but short tributary streams. 

(c) Between an introductory modifying phrase and the subject 
modified. 

Beset by the enemy, they retreated. 


72 


PUNCTUATION 


[Rale 106 


(/) Before Jr., Sr., Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., etc. 

Henry Smith, Jr. Peter Johns, F.R.S. 

( g ) To set off parenthetical words, phrases, or clauses. 

Mr. Jefferson, who was then Secretary of State, favored the location of 
the National Capital at Washington. 

Mr. Jones, attorney for the defendant, signed the petition. 

I should add, moreover, that the conditions are quite different. 

It must be remembered, however, that tne Government had no guaranty. 
It is obvious, therefore, that this office cannot function. 

but: 

The man who fell [restrictive clause] broke his back. 

The dam which gave way [restrictive clause] was poorly constructed. 
However desirable this may seem, it cannot be done. 

He therefore gave up the search. 

( h ) To separate thousands, millions, etc., in numbers of four or 
more digits, except in serial numbers. (See rule 1066.) 

4,230 50,491 1,000,000 

(£) After each member within a series of three or more words, 
phrases, letters, or figures, 
horses, mules, and cattle 

Cloth is sold by the bolt, by the yard, or in remnants. 

а, b, and c 

б, 7, and 8 

(j) Before the conjunction in a compound sentence if the second 
clause is complete with subject and predicate. 

Fish, mollusks, and crustaceans were plentiful in the lakes, and turtles fre¬ 
quented the shores. 

The boy went home alone, but his sister remained with the crowd. 

(k) After a noun or phrase in direct address. 

Senator, will the measure be defeated? 

Mr. Chairman, I will reply to the gentleman later. 

106. The comma is omitted— 

(а) Between month and year in dates. 

June 1917; but June 2, 1917 (rule 105a) 

(б) In serial numbers, 

page 2632 

Metropolitan 9020 (telephone number) 

17825 St. Clair Avenue 
Letters Patent No. 189463 

( c ) Between superior letters or figures in footnote references. 

Numerous instances may be cited. 1 2 

(d) Wherever possible without danger of ambiguity. 

$2 gold 

$2.50 United States currency 
$3.50 Mexican 
Executive Order No. 21 

General Order No. 12; but General Orders, No. 12 

Public Law 37; Public Law No. 37; but (in text) Public, No. 37 

June last 

My age is 30 years 6 months 12 days. 

colonel Seventh Cavalry (only one colonel); but captain, Seventh Cavalry 
(more than one captain) 


Rules 107, 108] PUNCTUATION 73 

Walsh of Massachusetts; Walsh of Montana (duplicate names of Senators 
or Representatives in United States Congress). 

Carroll of Carrollton; Henry of Navarre (places closely identified with the 
persons); but John Anstruther, of New York; President Hadley, of Yale 
University. 


Dash 

107. The dash is used— 

(a) To mark a sudden break or abrupt change in thought. 

He said—and no one contradicted him—“The battle is lost.” 

If the bill should pass —which God forbid! —the service will be wrecked. 
The auditor—shall we call him a knave or a fool?—approved an inaccurate 
statement. 

( b ) To indicate an interruption or an unfinished word or sentence 
(2-em dash). 

I de- I wonder- 

Q. Did you see- A. No, sir. 

(c) Instead of commas or parentheses, if the meaning may thus be 
clarified. 

These are shore deposits—gravel, sand, and clay—but marine sediments 
underlie them. 

(i d ) After a word or phrase set in a separate line, if followed by ele¬ 
ments at the beginning of each line of which the word or phrase is 
implied. 

I recommend — 

That we accept the rules. 

That we also publish them. 

(e) With a preceding question mark, in lieu of a colon. 

How can you explain this?—“Fee paid, $5.” 

( f) Sometimes, in lieu of opening quotation marks, in French, 
Spanish, and Italian dialog. 

( g ) To precede a credit line or a run-in credit or signature. 

Still achieving, still pursuing, 

Learn to labor and to wait. 

— Longfellow: 

Every man’s work shall be made manifest.—I Corinthians 3:13. 

This statement is open to question.—G.H.F. 

(h) After a period following a run-in side head. (See rule 1146.) 

(i) To separate run-in questions and answers in testimony. 

Q. Did he go?—A. No. 

108. The dash is not used— 

(a) At the beginning of any line of type, except as indicated in 
rules 107/ and 107 g. 

(b) With any other mark of punctuation except as indicated in 
rules 107a, 1076, 107g, 107 h, and 107i. 


74 


PUNCTUATION 


[Rules 109-112 


Ellipsis 

109. Marks of ellipsis (asterisks or periods, according to the nature 
of the text) are used to indicate the omission of part of a quotation. 

Three asterisks, separated by an em quad, are used to denote an 
ellipsis in text; if periods are used instead of asterisks, they are sepa¬ 
rated by an en quad. Neither asterisks nor periods are overrun at 
the end of a paragraph. 

In document measure, “line of stars” means seven asterisks in¬ 
dented 2 ems at each end of the line, with the remaining space divided 
evenly between the asterisks. If two or more sizes of type are used 
on a page, 10-point asterisks are indented 2 ems; 8-point, 2}i ems; 
and 6-point, 3% ems. An extra indention is added in indented matter. 
For the use of marks of ellipsis within quotations, see rule 119. 

Exclamation point 

110. The exclamation point is used to mark surprise, incredulity, 
admiration, or appeal, which may be expressed even in a declarative 
or interrogative sentence. 

He acknowledged the error! 

How beautiful! 

“Great!” he shouted. 

What! 

Who shouted, “All aboard!” (Note omission of question mark.) 

(а) In direct address, either to a person or a personified object, 
0 is used without an exclamation point, but if strong feeling is ex¬ 
pressed an exclamation point is placed at the end of the expression. 

O my friend, let us consider this subject impartially. 

O Lord, save Thy people! 

(б) In exclamations without direct address or appeal oh is used 
instead of 0 , and the exclamation point is omitted. 

Oh, but the gentleman is mistaken. 

Oh dear; the time is so short. 

Hyphen 

111. The hyphen is used— 

(а) To connect the elements of certain compound words. (See 
Compound Words.) 

(б) To indicate the continuation of a word divided at the end of a 
line. (See rules 290-296.) 

Parentheses 

112. Parentheses are used— 

(a) To set off matter not intended to be part of the main argument 
of the text, yet important enough to be included. 

The Chairman (to Mr. Smith). 

Mr. Kelley (to the chairman). 

(Objected to.) 

A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do. 

Q. (Continuing.) 

A. (Reads:) 

A. (Interrupting.) 

This case (124 U.S. 329) is not relevant. 

The result (see fig. 2) is most surprising. 


Rules 113-115] PUNCTUATION 75 

(6) To enclose a parenthetical clause where the interruption is too 
great to be indicated by commas. 

You can find it neither in French dictionaries (at any rate, not in Littr6) 
nor in English. 

( c ) To enclose an explanatory word not part of the statement. 

the Erie (Pa.) News 
but the News, of Erie, Pa. 

113. A reference in parentheses at the end of a sentence is placed 
before the period unless it is a complete sentence in itself or unless 
copy is specifically marked otherwise. 

The specimen exhibits both phases (pi. 14, A, B). 

The individual cavities show great variation. (See pi. 4.) 

(a) If a sentence contains more than one parenthetic reference the 
one at the end should be placed before the period. 

This sandstone (see pi. 6) occurs in every county of the State (see pi. 1). 

Period 

114. The period is used— 

(а) After a declarative sentence. 

Stars are suns. 

He was employed by Sampson & Co. 

(б) After an imperative sentence. 

Do not be late. 

On with the dance. 

(c) After an indirect question or a polite request. 

Tell me how he did it. 

Please furnish three sets of proofs. 

(d) Sometimes to indicate ellipsis. 

He went . . . and slept. 

(e) After a run-in side head (with a dash following). 

Conditional subjunctive.— The conditional subjunctive is required for 
all unreal and doubtful conditions. 

(/) To separate integers from decimals in a single expression. 

3.75 percent $3.50 1.25 meters 

(g) After abbreviations, unless otherwise specified. (See Abbre¬ 
viations.) 

gal. NE. but m (meter) 

qt. N.Y. kc (kilocycle) 

(h) After legends and explanatory matter beneath illustrations. 

(i) Earely, to indicate multiplication; the multiplication sign is 
preferable for this purpose. 

a.b (aXb) 

115. The period is omitted— 

(a) After roman numerals used as ordinals. 

George Y 


76 


PUNCTUATION 


Rales 116, 117 


(b) In general, at the ends of lines in title pages; after center heads, 
running heads, and flush or cut-in side heads; after box heads of 
tables; after scientific or other symbols; after abbreviations based on 
the metric system; and after items (other than abbreviations) set in 
columns. 

(c) After a quotation mark that is preceded by a period. 

He said, “Now or never.” 

(d) After letters used as names without specific designation. 

A said to B that * * * 

Mr. A told Mr. B that * * * 

but Mr. A. (for Mr. Andrews) 

Mr. K. (for Mr. King) 

Question mark 

116. The question mark is used— 

(a) To indicate a direct query, even if not in the form of a question. 

Did he do it? He did it? 

Can the money be raised? is the question. 

Who asked, “Why?” (Note single question mark.) 

(b) To express more than one query in the same sentence. 

Can he do it? or you? or anyone? 

(c) To express doubt. 

He said the boy was 8 (?) feet tall. 

For the use of a period instead of a question mark in indirect 
questions and polite requests, see rule 114c; for the use of an exclama¬ 
tion point in questions, see rule 110. 

Quotation marks 

117. Quotation marks are used— 

(a) To enclose direct quotations. (Each part of an interrupted 
quotation begins and ends with quotation marks.) 

He said “No.” 

He said, “John said ‘No.’” (Alternate single and double quotes for quo¬ 
tations within quotations.) 

“John,” said Henry, “why do you go?” 

( b ) In general, to enclose any matter following the expressions 
entitled, the word, termed, marked, endorsed, signed, known as, so-called, 
etc. 

Congress passed the act entitled “An act * * *.” 

After the word “treaty” insert a comma. 

He was known as “The Cid.” 

(c) At the beginning of each paragraph of a quotation, but at the 
end of the last paragraph only. In order to avoid too many quota¬ 
tion marks at the beginning of such paragraphs, however, it is 
sometimes preferable to run matter in. Quotation marks should be 
limited, if possible, to three sets (double, single, double). 

(d) To enclose misnomers, slang expressions, or ordinary words 
used in an arbitrary way. 

He voted for the “lame duck” amendment. 

His report was “bunk.” 

It was a “gentlemen’s agreement.” 

The “invisible government” is responsible. 


Rules 118-124] PUNCTUATION 77 

118. Quotation marks are not used to enclose complete letters 
having date and signature, or quotations that are indented or set in 
smaller type. 

119. Punctuation marks should be placed inside the quotation 
marks if they are a part of the matter quoted; otherwise they are 
placed outside. 

Ruth said, “I think so.” 

The trainman shouted, “All aboard!” 

Who asked, “Why?” 

Insert the word “growth”, “production”, or “manufacture”, according 
to facts. 

The President suggests that “an early occasion be sought * * *.” 

120. In a citation the period and quotation marks should precede 
the footnote reference number. 

The commissioner claimed that the award was “unjustified.” 1 

His exact words were: “The facts in the case prove otherwise.” 2 , 

121. If poetry is quoted, each verse should start with quotation 
marks, but only the last verse should end with them. The lines of 
the poem should range on the left, those that rime taking the same 
indention, and the quotation marks should be cleared. 

“Rest is not quitting 
The busy career; 

Rest is the fitting 

Of self to one’s sphere. 

“’Tis the brook’s motion, 

Clear without strife, 

Fleeing to ocean 
After its life.” 

—John Sullivan Dwight. 

Semicolon 

122. The semicolon is used— 

(а) To separate phrases containing commas. 

Other minerals of this stage are dolomite, in small rhombic crystals; 
celestite, in slender prisms and radial aggregates; and sylvanite, in 
small prismatic crystals. 

Reptiles, amphibians, and predatory mammals swallow their prey whole 
or in large pieces, bones included; waterfowl habitually take shellfish 
entire; and gallinaceous birds are provided with gizzards that grind 
up the hardest seeds. 

(б) To separate statements that are too closely related in meaning 
to be written as separate sentences. 

It is true in peace; it is true in war. 

123. The semicolon is to be avoided where a comma will suffice. 

Single punctuation 

124. Single punctuation is used wherever possible without am¬ 
biguity. 

124 U.S. 321 (no comma) 

Sir: (no dash) 

Joseph replied, “It is not worth while.” (no end period) 










■ 









<■ 









TABULAR WORK 

(See also Abbreviations; Leader Work) 

The object of a table is to present in a concise and orderly manner 
information that could not be presented so clearly in any other way. 
The rules here given for tabular composition are based upon the gen¬ 
eral principle that tables should be clear and easy to read. 

The style given for text in other sections of this manual applies 
also to tables, unless deviation therefrom is made necessary by the 
form or purpose of the tables. Special features of tabular composition 
and necessary deviations from text style are set forth in the following 
rules. 


Abbreviations (rules 125-127)_ 79 

Bear-off (rule 128)_ 79 

Blanks (rule 129)_ 80 

Box heads (rules 130-140)_ 80 

Braces (rule 141)_ 81 

Center heads, flush heads, and subheads (rules 142-147)_ 81 

Ciphers (rules 148,149)_ 81 

Continued heads (rules 150, 151)_ 81 

Dashes or rules (rules 152-154)_ 82 

Date columns (rules 155-160)_ 82 

Ditto (rules 161-169)_ 82 

Dollar mark (rules 170, 171)_ 83 

Double-up tables (rules 172,173)_ 83 

Figure columns (rules 174-179)_ 83 

Footnotes and references (rules 180-194)_ 83 

Fractions (rules 195, 196)_ 84 

Headnotes (rule 197)_ 85 

Leaders (rules 198-201)_ 85 

Letter-spacing of words (rule 202)_ 85 

Overruns (rule 203)_ 85 

Reading columns (rules 204-206)_ 85 

Tables in rules (rule 207)_ 85 

Total lines (rule 208)_ 85 

Units of quantity (rules 209-211)- 85 


RULES 

Abbreviations 

125. In a reading column the names of months, some with the day 
and some standing alone, are all spelled if the width of the column 
permits. 

126. In columns containing names of persons copy is followed as to 
abbreviations of given names, but well-known abbreviations of such 
names are used if necessary to save overruns. 

127. Periods are not used after abbreviations followed by leaders 
but are used before footnote references. 

Bear-off 

128. An en quad is used for bear-off—from the rule on the left in an 
inside reading column, from the rule on the right in an inside figure 
column, from both rules in an inside date column, and from the adja¬ 
cent rule in an outside date column. In a crowded table the bear-off 
may be omitted in figure columns. (See rule 174.) 


79 




























80 


TABULAR WORK 


[Rules 129-140 


Blanks 

129. Blank lines are omitted unless their retention is specially 
requested. 

Box heads 

130. Periods are omitted after box heads, but a dash is used after 
any box head that reads into the matter below. 

131. Box heads are set solid and bear off an em space above and 
below rule unless they run up. 

132. Box heads are centered except that in a column 10 ems or 
more in width a head making three lines or more is set with hanging 
indention. 

133. Box heads run crosswise wherever practicable; if necessary to 
run up, they are reduced to the minimum practicable depth. If one 
head must run up, all heads over figure columns in the same table are 
run up. Punning up over reading and date columns is to be avoided. 
Box heads need not run up in all sections of divided tables.. 

134. Pun-up heads are indented an en quad at the beginning of 
the line and bear off an en quad from the top rule; if they make two 
lines, the second is centered; if three lines, they are set with hanging 
indention. 

135. If a single box exceeds the depth of a double or triple box, the 
extra space is placed in the lowermost box. 

136. In compound boxes the greatest number of lines in a top box 
controls the depth of all the top boxes, unless the total depth of the 
head would thereby be increased; so also in each of the other boxes. 
The top box of a triple box head may be of such depth as to make a 
better appearance by alining its bottom rule with the bottom rule of 
the second box. 


Employed boys and girls whose work records were obtained 


Age at beginning regular 
work and sex 

Total 

Time of year at beginning work [depth of this 
box governs depth of box on left] 

Number 

Percent 

distribu¬ 

tion 

June to August 

September to May 

Not re¬ 
ported 

Number 

Percent 

distribu¬ 

tion 

Number 

Percent 

distribu¬ 

tion 

Boys (12 to 14)_ 

3,869 

45.5 

1,415 

9.6 

2,405 

15.8 

49 



137. In boxes containing two lines the first line is to be the longer 
if possible, but good appearance must not be sacrificed by dividing 
short words or making two-letter divisions in wide columns. 

138. In parallel tables a box head that is divided is repeated on 
each page. Words are preferably not divided between pages in 
heads over parallel tables. 

139. In referring to quantity or things the word number in box 
heads is spelled if possible. 

140. In an 8-point table with a 6-point box head an 8-point quad 
line is inserted between head and body of table if no italic unit of 
quantity is given. If a unit of quantity is given, a 6-point quad line 
is used. 

















Rules 141-151] 


TABULAR WORK 


81 


Braces 

141. Braces are avoided if possible; if used, they are preferably 
placed on the right of a rule and should extend to include overruns. 

Center heads, flush heads, and subheads 

142. Center heads over tables are set solid over solid tables and 
leaded over leaded tables; they follow the same general style of the 
tables as to the use of figures and abbreviations. 

143. Punctuation is omitted after center heads. Flush heads and 
subheads are followed by a colon, but a dash is used after any head 
that reads into the matter below. 

144. A full quad line is placed above all center heads in the stub, 
including years used as heads in reading columns. However, if a 
dash, overrun, etc., in another column furnishes a blank space 
above the head, an extra quad line is not added. 

145. If the center head clears the reading matter below, and there 
are leaders, no space is used below the head; if there are no leaders 
below and the center head clears at least an em, the quad line is 
omitted, but if it clears less than an em, a full quad line is used; 
otherwise a full quad line is used below the head. 

146. If center heads appear in figure columns, a quad line is placed 
above but no space below. 

147. Where the logical construction of a table requires, it is per¬ 
missible to insert page-width lines between cross rules within the 
table to indicate class groups to which the data refer. The box head 
is not repeated. 

Ciphers 

148. Wliere the first number in a column or under a cross rule is 
wholly a decimal, a cipher is added at the left of its decimal point. 

149. Copy is followed in the use of the word none or a cipher to 
indicate none in figure columns. If neither one appears in the copy, 
leaders are inserted. In columns of figures under the heading £. s. d., 
if a whole number of pounds is given, one cipher is supplied under s. 
and one under d.; if only shillings are given, one cipher is supplied 
under d. The use of ciphers on the right under the heading Ft. in. 
and after a decimal point depends upon the nature of the work, but 
they will be used unless otherwise requested. In a column containing 
sums of money the period and ciphers are omitted if the column 
consists entirely of even dollars. 

Continued heads 

150. In continued heads an em dash is used between the head and 
the word Continued. The abbreviations Contd. or Con. are used only 
to avoid an overrun. If the head is in small caps the term continued , 
contd., or con. is not capitalized. The term is set in roman.. 

151. Continued heads over tables are to be condensed into one 
line if possible. If heads to tables or box heads have a reference and 
footnote, the reference is not repeated in the continued head. Notes 
above tables (see rule 197) are not generally repeated with continued 
heads unless necessary to make the table clear. 


82 


TABULAR WORK 


[Rules 152-169 


Dashes or rules 

152. Rules may be used in place of dashes in a crowded table. 

153. Dashes or rules are not carried in reading or date columns. 

154. Parallel dashes are used to cut off figures from other figures 
below that are added or subtracted; also above a grand total. 

Date columns 

155. Date columns with month and day are cast 4 % ems for out¬ 
side columns and 5 ems for inside columns; with month, day, and year, 
7 ems and 7 % ems. The figures are alined on the right, and any extra 
space is inserted between the month and day. An en comma is used 
between the day and the year. 

156. In a date column of 4% ems that is the first column of a table 
the month is cleared instead of being repeated or indicated by Do. 

157. A date column is not considered a reading column, and no 
period is used after the date if the column is the last one of the table. 

158. Footnote references in date columns are placed at the right. 
If the date column is the last column, the references are placed at 
the left. 

159. If the year is centered in columns consisting entirely of dates 
or months, a full quad line is inserted above but no space below. 

160. In columns consisting entirely of single and double years, the 
figures are centered in the columns without leaders. 

1898 

1899-1900 

1901-2 

Ditto 

161. The abbreviation do. is used in reading and date columns 
only, lower-cased if preceded by leaders, otherwise capitalized; but 
all do.’s should be uniform as to capitalization in any one column. 
(See rule 156.) 

162. Do. is not used in the first line under a center head in the 
column in which the center head occurs, under a line of leaders, or in 
a reading column containing only short words such as Yes and No; 
it may be used, however, under a blank space. 

163. Do. does not apply to a reference mark on the preceding item. 
The reference mark, if needed, is added to the do. 

164. Do. under a braced group relates only to the last item of the 
group. 

165. Leaders are not used before Do. in the first column nor before 
or after Do. in the last column. 

166. In a first column 6 ems or less in width ems of quads are 
used before Do.; in all other columns 6 ems or less in width 1% ems 
of leaders are used. 

167. In a first or last column more than 6 ems in width 2 ems of 
quads are used before Do.; in all other columns more than 6 ems in 
width 2% ems of leaders are used. If the preceding line is indented, 
the indention of the Do. is increased accordingly. 

168. In a stub do., followed by 2 ems of leaders, is used under a 
unit of quantity if the unit is spelled; if the unit is abbreviated, the 
abbreviation is repeated. (See rule 209.) 

169. In fol.-lit. matter inverted commas may be used instead of do. 




Rules 170-181] 


TABULAR WORK 


83 


Dollar mark 

170. The dollar mark is placed close to the figure; it is used only 
at the head of the table and under cross rules. In columns contain¬ 
ing mixed amounts (as money, tons, gallons) the dollar mark, 
pound mark, peso mark, or other symbol, as required, is repeated 
before each sum of money; but if several sums of money are grouped 
together and added to make a total, the symbol is placed at the top 
of the group only. 

171. In a single money column containing double rows of figures 
dollar marks are required in both rows, but only on the first line. 

$10-$12; $10 to $12 

Double-up tables 

172. If the matter under a center head, flush head, or subhead 
breaks and is carried over to the second part of a double-up table a 
continued head is inserted at the top of the second part. (See 
rules 150, 151.) 

173. An en-quad bear-off is used on each side of the parallel rule 
separating the two parts of a double-up table. This applies also to 
leaders and dashes in the last column of the first part, but not to 
rules in box heads. 

Figure columns 

174. Figures aline on the right. In a crowded table the en-quad 
bear-off may be omitted from the figure columns, but if only a few fig¬ 
ures will touch the rule on the left it is preferable to retain the bear-off 
on the right. The whole table, including all parts of a divided table, 
must be treated alike. 

175. In double rows of figures in a single column, connected by a 
dash, a plus or minus sign, or the word to or a similar connecting word, 
the dashes, signs, or words are usually alined. 

176. Plus or minus signs at the left of figures are placed close to the 
figures, regardless of alinement. 

177. Words and roman numerals in figure columns are alined on the 
right with the figures; letters and symbols are centered in the columns. 

178. Figures expressing mixed units of quantity (feet, dollars, etc.) 
are alined on the right. 

179. Decimal points are alined except in columns containing num¬ 
bers that refer to mixed units (such as pounds, dollars, and percentage) 
and have irregular decimals. Copy editors should indicate at the top 
of each column the clear necessary for decimals; in a continued or 
double-up table the maker-up should transpose the space so that all 
columns will have an en bear-off only. 

Footnotes and references (see also Headnotes) 

180. Figures are used for footnote references, but if figures might 
lead to ambiguity (for example, in connection with a chemical for¬ 
mula), letters, asterisks, daggers, etc., may be used instead. 

181. If a reference is repeated on another page it may carry the 
original footnote; but, to prevent repetition, especially of a long note, 
it may carry instead, as a cross reference, the words “See foot¬ 
note 1 [or 2, 3, etc.], p. — 


84 


TABULAR WORK 


[Rules 182-196 


182. References to footnotes are numbered consecutively across the 
page from left to right and across both pages in a parallel table. Foot¬ 
notes to a parallel table begin on the even page, unless there are no 
references on that page. 

183. Footnote references are placed at the right in reading columns 
and date columns and at the left in figure columns and are borne off. 
If a date column is the last column, however, the references are placed 
at the left. 

184. In a figure column or date column a reference letter standing 
alone in parentheses is centered; in a reading column it is set at the 
left and is followed by leaders, as if it were a word. 

185. The footnotes are placed immediately beneath the table. If 
the table runs over more than one page, the appropriate footnotes go 
with each page. 

186. If the footnotes to both table and text fall together at the bot¬ 
tom of a page, the footnotes to the table are placed above the footnotes 
to the text, the two groups separated by a 60-point rule flush on left. 

187. Footnotes are set as paragraphs, but two or more short foot¬ 
notes may be combined by the maker-up in one line, with the blank 
spaces equalized, provided the spaces are not less than 2 ems. In a 
series of short footnotes the reference numbers are alined on the right. 

188. Footnotes in measure wider than document may be doubled 
up. 

189. The footnotes and notes referring to a table are set solid if the 
table is solid and leaded if the table is leaded. 

190. Footnotes and notes referring to tables are usually set in type 
2 points smaller than the table but not smaller than 6-point. 

191. The same abbreviations are used in the footnotes as in the 
table. 

192. In footnotes numbers are expressed in figures, even at the 
beginning of a note or sentence. 

193. If a footnote consists entirely or partly of a table, the footnote 
table is set the full width of text. It should always be preceded by 
introductory matter carrying the reference number; if necessary 
copy editor should add an introductory line, such as U1 See the follow¬ 
ing table’ 

194. An explanatory paragraph without specific reference but 
belonging to the table rather than to the text follows the footnotes, 
if any, and is separated from them or from the table by two leads. 

Fractions 

195. Em fractions are set flush to the rule on the right; en fractions 
bear off as usual. Whole numbers clear the fractions throughout the 
columns except in columns containing numbers that refer to mixed 
units (such as pounds, dollars, and percentage). Copy editors 
should indicate at the top of each column the clear necessary for frac¬ 
tions; in a continued or double-up table the maker-up should transpose 
the space so that all columns will have an en bear-off only. (See 
rule 179.) 

196. Fractions standing alone are expressed in figures, even at the 
beginning of a line. 


Rules 197-209] 


TABULAR WORK 


85 


Headnotes 

197. Headnotes above tables ar.e enclosed in brackets and set in 
type 2 points smaller than the table but not smaller than 6-point. 
(See rule 151.) 

Leaders 

198. Leaders run across the entire table except that they are 
omitted from a last reading column or a first or last date column. 
Leaders may be omitted in any line from a reading column followed 
only by other reading columns which in that particular line are blank. 

199. Figures used to form a stub may be followed by leaders if so 
indicated on the copy. 

200. If there is only one reading column in a table, the leaders run 
from the bottom line of an overrun; if there is more than one reading 
column, they run from the top line, and the overrun ends with a 
period. (A date column is not regarded as a reading column.) 

201. In tables where the lines are numbered on the outside of each 
page the leaders run from the top line. 

Letter-spacing of words 

202. Words in a line are letter-spaced if more than 1 % ems would 
otherwise be required between w T ords. All of a short word is letter¬ 
spaced rather than only part of a long one. 

Overruns 

203. Overruns are set with hanging indention. The indention is 
1 em more than the indention of the item or, to prevent conflict, 1 em 
more than the indention of a following subordinate item. 

Reading columns 

204. The indention in reading columns is in addition to the en 
quad used for bear-off. 

205. If the last word in a leader line runs close to the rule, an en 
leader is inserted if space permits; if not, a thin space. 

206. Numerical terms are expressed in figures, even at the beginning 
of a sentence: 241 days from Dec. 1; trains 3 times a day. 

Tables in rules 

207. All figures bear off an em quad where an em quad can be used 
on each side of the figures; otherwise they bear off an en quad, except 
that the first and last columns (including leaders) bear off an em 
quad from the outside rules. 

Total lines 

208. The usual indention of the word Total is 3 ems, but this inden¬ 
tion should be increased as necessary to avoid alinement with preced¬ 
ing item. 

Units of quantity 

209. Units of quantity in stub columns are placed on the right, 
1-em leader from the rule. If the subject does not make a full line 
but is too long to permit the insertion of the unit of quantity, the line 
is quadded out and the unit of quantity is placed on the next line at 
the right, but not preceded by leaders. 

174205°—33—6 


86 


TABULAR WORK 


[Rules 210, 211 


210. Over figure columns, units of quantity and the abbreviations 
a.m. and p.m., if not included in the box heads, are set in 6-point 
italic and are placed immediately above the figures, without periods 
other than an abbreviating period. If units change in a colunm the 
new units are set in italic, with full quad line above and no space 
below. 

211. Units of quantity over figure columns are used only at the 
beginning of a table or at the head of a continued page or continued 
column in a double-up table. 

Table showing style in regard to the use of units of quantity in stub and figure col¬ 
umns , dashes , reference figures for footnotes, words in figure columns , plus and 
minus marks , use of braces, miscellaneous figures , usual form of italic and box 
heads, etc. 


Year 


Article 


Date 


FARM PRODUCTS 
Animal matter 


Hides and skins, other 

than furs_pounds.. 

Wool: 

Washed..do_ 

Do_do_ 


June 161 
j-May 16 


Vegetable matter 


Cocoa and chocolate 

pounds.. 

Coffee...do_ 

Fibers, vegetable: 

In raw state: 

Cotton 3 _bales. . 

Do_do_ 

Do. 3 _do--_. 

Istle or tampico 
fiber... pounds.. 


...do_ 

Feb. 20 


Mar. 17 
Apr. 10 
Apr. 15 

May 12 


Total 



1901 

1902 

1903 

Value 

2 $5, 729, 927 

/ 18,423 

{ 11,521 

Quantity 

5,881,168 

146, 000 
152, 429 

Value 

2 $942, 246 

} 622-49,233 

Quantity 

5, 364, 426 

Value 

2 $964, 424. 00 

/ 27,643.50 
l 22,368.25 


254, 452 
4, 279, 779 

42, 648, 335 
26, 084 
63, 094 

70,124 

2. 452, 452 
4, 263, 943 

98, 250 
16, 789 
152, 429 

84, 026 

+ 2 24, 942 
-64, 243 

+272, 894 
48, 716 
-308, 736 

+5,158 

2, 432, 264 

2 476, 242. 00 

None 
10, 709 
None 

0) 


40, 278. 50 



53, 315, 784 


3, 575, 973 


1, 059, 864.00 




1 Approximate. 


2 Amount estimated. 


3 Other than in raw state. 


♦Not stated. 





























LEADER WORK 

(See also Tabular Work; Abbreviations) 

Leader work is a simple form of tabular work without box heads or 
vertical rules. In general, leader work is governed by the same rules 
of style as tabular work. Any necessary deviations from that style 
are indicated below. 


Page 


Columns (rules 212, 213)_ 87 

Continued heads (rule 214)_ 87 

Ditto (rule 215)_ 87 

Dollar mark (rule 216)_ 87 

Flush heads and subheads (rule 217)_ 87 

Footnotes (rule 218)_ 87 

Units of quantity (rule 219)_ 88 

Miscellaneous examples (rule 220)_ 88 


RULES 

Columns 

212. A figure column is an en quad wider than the longest line of 
figures but not less than 2 ems. 

213. If the last column is a reading column, leaders are run within an 
en quad of the first word. If the first column overruns it is indented 1 
em from the first word of the last column. 

Continued heads 

214. If leader work continues on a following page, the center and 
flush heads are also continued. 

Ditto 

215. The abbreviation do. is capitalized if not preceded by leader 

Dollar mark 

216. The dollar mark is used at the beginning of each statement, on 
the first line of double-up matter, at the head of a continued state¬ 
ment, and on the first line of each cut-in group. 

Flush heads and subheads 

217. Flush heads and subheads clear the figure columns. 

Footnotes 

218. Footnotes are placed at the bottom of the page with the foot¬ 
notes to text, being numbered consecutively with references in text. 
If the leader work runs over from one page to another, the appropri¬ 
ate footnotes are carried on each page, being repeated if necessary. 

87 












88 


LEADER WORK 


[Rules 219, 220 


Units of quantity 

219. A unit of quantity centered over a column of figures is capital¬ 
ized and set in italic in type 2 points smaller than the figures, but not 
smaller than 6-point. The examples immediately below show the 
style to be observed where there is a short side head at the left (one 
lead under unit of quantity). 


Pennsylvania R.R.: Tons 

Freight carried Jan. 1, 1921_ 21, 000 

Baltimore & Ohio R.R.: 

Freight carried: 

May_ 150,000 

June_ 152,000 

If there is no side head: Tons 

Freight carried by the Pennsylvania R.R. and the Baltimore 

& Ohio R.R. in May_ 371, 500 


Miscellaneous examples 

220. The following are typical examples of leader work: 


Half measure doubled up (units of quantity are alined across the page): 


Seedlings: 

Black locust. 
Honey locust. 

Green ash_ 

Box elder_ 


Inches 

. 27 

. 16 
7 

. 24 


Seedlings—Continued. 

Osage orange_ 

Catalpa_ 

Black walnut_ 

Chestnut_ 


Inches 
. 20 
. 16 
. 10 
. 12 


Mixed units of quantity and amounts and words: 

Capital invested_ 

Value of implements and stock_ 

Land under cultivation__acres._ 

Orchard_do_ 

Forest land_square miles. _ 

Livestock: 

Horses: 

Number_ 

Value_ 

Cows: 

Number_ 

Weekly production of butter per cow._.pounds. _ 
Hogs: 

Number_ 

Loss from cholera_ 


$ 8 , 000 
$3, 000 
128. 6 
21. 4 
50 


8 

$1, 500 

18 

7H 

46 

None 


Abbreviated unit of quantity repeated: 

Length of skull, premaxillaries to condyles, Menodus trigo- 

nocerus -mm__ 2,120 

Height at shoulder (top of third dorsal), Brontops robus- 

tus ---mm__ 2,311 

Width of atlas, Diploclonus tyleri _mm. _ 320 




























DATE LINES, ADDRESSES, AND SIGNATURES 

The general principle involved in the typography of date lines, 
addresses, and signatures is that they should be so set as to stand 
out clearly from the body of the letter or paper which they accom¬ 
pany. This is accomplished by using caps and small caps and italic, 
as set forth in the rules below. Other typographic details covered 
by these rules are designed to insure uniformity and good appearance. 
Certain general instructions (rules 221 to 224) apply alike to date 
lines, addresses, and signatures. 


Page 


General instructions (rules 221-224)_ 89 

Date lines (rules 225-227)_ 89 

Addresses (rules 228-231)_ 90 

Miscellaneous examples_ 91 

Signatures (rules 232-236)_ 91 

Miscellaneous examples_ 92 


RULES 

General instructions 

221. Principal words in date lines, addresses, and titles accompany¬ 
ing signatures are capitalized. 

222. Titles and Esq., Jr., and Sr., with names, are generally set in 
caps and lower-case if the name is in caps and lower-case or caps 
and small caps; if the name is in all caps they are set in caps and 
small caps, if small caps are available—otherwise in lower-case. 

223. Lines set in boldface, all caps, small caps, or caps and small 
caps are spaced with en quads. . 

224. Lead is omitted if space is clear between date line and address, 
signature and text, or signature and address. 

Date lines 

225. Date lines at the beginning of a letter or paper are set at the 
right side of the page, the originating office in caps and small caps, the 
place name and date in italic; if the originating office is not given, the 
place name is set in caps and small caps and the date in italic; if only 
the date is given, it is set in caps and small caps. Such date lines are 
indented from the right 1 em for a single line, 3 ems and 1 em succes¬ 
sively for two lines, or 5 ems, 3 ems, and 1 em successively for three 
lines. 

The White House, July 30 , 1921. □ 

The White House, □ □ □ 
Washington, D.C., January 1, 1921. □ 

Treasury Department, □ □ □ □ □ 
Office of the Treasurer of the United States, □ □ □ 
Washington, D.C., May 4, 1921. □ 

Treasury Department, July SO, 1921. □ 

89 










90 


date lines, addresses, and signatures 


[Rules 226-228 


Department of Commerce, □ □ □ 
July 80, 1921. □ 

Office of John Smith & Co., □ □ □ 
26 Bill Street, New York, N.Y., June 6, 1921. □ 

Washington, May 20, 1921 — 10 a.m. □ 
Thursday, May 5, 1921 — 2 p.m. □ 

Washington, November 29, 1921. □ □ □ 
[Received December 6, 1921.] □ 

On Board the U.S.S. “Connecticut”, □□ □ 
September 21, 1921. □ 

Office of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, □ □ □ 

Washington, November 6, 1921. □ 

House of Representatives, □ □ □ □ □ 
Committee on the Merchant Marine, Radio, and Fisheries, □ □ □ 

Thursday, October 27, 1921. □ 

But, congressional hearings: 

MONDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1932 

House of Representatives, □ □ □ □ □ 
Committee on the Merchant Marine, Radio, and Fisheries, □ □ □ 

Washington, D.C. □ 

United States Senate, □ □ □ □ □ 
Subcommittee of the Committee on Manufactures, □ □ □ 

Washington, D.C.U 

Congress of the United States, □ □ □ □ □ 
Joint Commission of Agricultural Inquiry, □ □ □ 

Washington, D.C.U 

226. Date lines at the end of a letter or paper are set at the left side 
of the page, indented 1 em. If above the signature they are set in 
roman caps and lower-case; if below, in caps and small caps for the 
place and italic for the date. 

Above signature: 

□ Steubenville, Ohio, July 30, 1921. 

□ July 28, 1921. 

Below signature: 

□ Steubenville, Ohio, July 28, 1921. 

□July 30, 1921. 

227. Date lines on newspaper extracts are set at the beginning of 
the paragraph, the place name in caps and small caps and the date 
in roman caps and lower-case. 

□ New York, N.Y., August 21,1921. — A dispatch received here from * * * 

Addresses 

228. Addresses are set at the left side of the page, either at the begin¬ 
ning or at the end of a letter or paper as indicated on the copy. If 
the address is at the beginning, the first line is set flush; if at the end, 
it is indented 1 em. 

To the American Diplomatic and Consular Officers. 

□ Gentlemen : Y ou are hereby * * * 

To Smith & Jones and 

□ □ Brown & Green, Esqs., 

Attorneys for Claimant. 

□ □ □ (Attention of Mr. Green.) 


Rules 229-236] 


DATE LINES, ADDRESSES, AND SIGNATURES 


91 


(a) If an address line is longer than a name line, the address line is 
indented 2 ems under the name line; if both lines are about the same 
length or the address is the shorter, the address line is placed so that 
its center will be at the end of the name line. 

229. The name or title forming the first line of the address is set in 
caps and small caps; the matter following is set in italic. The words 
United States Army or United States Navy immediately following a 
name are set in roman caps and lower-case, in the same line as the 
name. 

Maj. Gen. Lytle Brown, United States Army, 

Chief of Engineers. 

The Chief of Engineers, United States Army. 

Maj. Gen. Lytle Brown, 

□ □ Chief of Engineers , United States Army , Washington , D.C. 

Hon. South Trimble, 

□ □ Clerk of the House of Representatives. 

230. General addresses (not to a particular person) are set in italic, 
flush, with overruns indented 2 ems. 

To Collectors of Customs and Internal Revenue: 

To the Congress of the United States: 

To the Senate: 

To the Senate and House of Representatives: 

To whom it may concern: 

Examples illustrating other types of addresses: 

The Chief of Engineers 

□ □ (Through the Division Engineer). 

My Dear Sir: I have the honor, etc. 

Mr. Reed: 

State of New York, 

County of New York, ss: 

Dear Mr. Clerk: I have the honor, etc. 

Lt. (Jr. Gr.) John Smith, 

Navy Department: 

□ The care shown by you, etc. 

231. An extra lead is used below an address at the beginning of a 
letter or paper. 

Signatures 

232. Signatures are set at the right side of the page. They are 
indented 1 em for a single line, 3 ems and 1 em successively for two 
lines, and 5 ems, 3 ems, and 1 em successively for three lines. 

233. The name or names are set in caps and small caps, the title in 
italic. 

234. If name and title make more than half a line, they are set as 
two lines. 

235. Two or more independent signatures are alined on the left, and 
the longest name is indented 1 em on the right if no title follows. 

236. The punctuation of closing phrases is governed by the sense. 
A detached complimentary close is made a new paragraph. 


92 


DATE LINES, ADDRESSES, AND SIGNATURES 


Examples of various kinds of signatures: 

United States Improvement Co., □ 
By John Smith, Secretary. 

John L. Penn, Solicitor , 

By Frederick Van Dyne, 

Assistant Solicitor. □ 

John Smith □ □ □ 
(For the Governor of Pennsylvania). □ 

North American Ice Co.,D 
G. Y. Atlee, Secretary. 

John W. Smith □ □ □ 
(And 25 others). □ 

John (his thumb mark) Smith. □ 

Philip P. Campbell, □ □ □ 
John L. Cable, 

Managers on the part of the House. □ 
[Lead] 

Wesley L. Jones, 

Knute Nelson, 

Managers on the part of the Senate. □ 

□ I am, very respectfully, yours, 

(Signed) (UFred C. Kleinschmidt, □ □ □ 
Assistant Clerk , Court of Claims. □ 

□ I have the honor to be, 

□ □ DVery respectfully, your obedient servant, 

John R. King, Secretary. □ 

□ Hoping to hear from you soon, I have the honor to be, 

□ □ DVery respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Henry L. Jones. □ 


□ [seal] 


Richard Roe, □ □ □ 
Notary Public. □ 


J. M. Wilber. [seal]D 

Bartlet, Robins & Co. □[seal]□ 

□ In presence of— 

□ □ □ A. B. Brown. 

□ □ □ John Doe. 

□ Attest: 


□ By the governor: 

□ Approved. 

□ By the President: 

□ □□Charles Evans Hughes, 

Secretary of State. 


Richard Roe, Notary Public. □ 
Nathaniel Cox, Secretary of State. □ 
John Smith, Governor. □ 


□ On behalf of the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce: 


□ Respectfully submitted. 

□ □ □ Yours truly, 

□ □ QVery respectfully, 

□ □ □ I am yours truly, 

□ □ □“Very respectfully, 


Geo. W. Philips. 

Saml. Campbell. 

H. H. Strohmeyer & Co. □ 

L. A. Wright, □ □ □ 
United States Indian Agent. □ 

James Staley, Jr., □ □ □ 
Superintendent. □ 

A. F. Caldwell, □ □ □ 
United States Indian Agent. □ 


“M. T. Jenkinson. □ 
“Albert Ward.” 


DATE LINES, ADDRESSES, AND SIGNATURES 


93 


From 8 to 20 names, inclusive, without titles following, are set in half measure, 
in caps and small caps, each name on a separate line, the longest line 1 em from 
right; if more than 20, or if 8 or more with titles following, they are set in full 
measure, caps and lower-case, run in, indented 5 and 7 ems, as follows: 

□ □ □ □ □ Brown, Shipley & Co.; Denniston, Cross & Co.; Fruhling & Groschen, 

□ □□□□□ □ attorneys; C. J. Hambro & Sons; Hardy, Nathan & Co.; Heilbut, 

□ □□□□□ nSvmons & Co.; Harrison Bros. & Co., by George Harrison; 

□ □□□□□ DHoare, Miller & Co. 

A long title of three or more lines following a signature is indented as follows: 

□ [seal] (Signed) □ Thomas E. Rhodes, □ □ □ 

□ □ \3 Special Assistant to the Attorney General , Attorney for Howard Sutherland , □ 

□ □ □ □ Alien Property Custodian , and H. T. Tate } Acting Treasurer of the □ 

□ □ □ □ United States. 




















































































ITALIC 


Italic letters stand out prominently in a page of roman type and 
therefore are commonly used for words and phrases which for any 
purpose are to be differentiated from other text. However, as an 
undue amount of italic actually defeats its purpose, its use in general 
work is restricted as indicated in the following rules. 


Page 


Emphasis, foreign words, titles of publications (rule 237)_ 95 

Names of vessels and aircraft (rule 238)_ 95 

Names of legal cases (rule 239)_ 95 

Scientific names (rule 240)_ 95 

Words and letters (rules 241-243)____96 


RULES 

Emphasis, foreign words, titles of publications 

237. Italic is not used for mere emphasis, foreign words, or the 
titles of publications unless it is specially requested and the copy is 
edited therefor. 

Names of vessels and aircraft 

238. The names of vessels and aircraft are italicized unless other¬ 
wise provided. 

the Friendship the U-7 

the Spirit of St. Louis the Do-X 

(a) Such names are quoted in matter printed in other than lower¬ 
case roman. 

Sinking of the 11 Lusitania” 

Sinking of the “Lusitania” 

Sinking of the “Lusitania” 


Names of legal cases 

239. The names of legal cases are italicized, except the v. or vs. 

De Jager, appellant , v. Attorney General of Natal , respondent 
Smith vs. Brown et al. 
but Smith v . Brown et al. (heading) 

SMITH vs. BROWN ET AL. (heading) 

Scientific names 

240. The scientific names of genera, subgenera, species, and sub¬ 
species (varieties) are italicized; the names of groups of higher rank 
than genera (phyla, classes, orders, families, tribes, etc.) are printed 
in roman. 

Tsuga canadensis 

Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens 
the genera Quercus and Liriodendron 
the family Leguminosae 


95 









96 


ITALIC 


[Rules 241-243 


Words and letters 

241. The words Be it resolved, Resolved, Resolved further, Provided, 
Provided further, and Ordered, in bills, acts, resolutions, etc., are 
italicized; also the words To be continued (at the end of an article) 
and See and See also (in indexes only). 

Be it resolved , That (resolution) 

[To be continued] (centered; no period) 

[Continued from p. 3] (centered; no period) 

See also Mechanical data (index entry) 

242. All letters (caps, small caps, lower-case, superiors, and inferiors) 
used as symbols are italicized, except chemical symbols and certain 
other standardized symbols. (See Symbols.) 

D+ 0.025 ?„>•>= vj.7 

5Cu a S.2(Cu,Fe,Zn)S.2Sb 2 S 3 

243. Parentheses and brackets which are adjoined to italicized 
words are set in roman type instead of italic; other punctuation 
marks match the type of the character to which they are adjoined. 


POL., FOL. LIT., ETC. 

In some classes of printing—for example, legal and historic docu¬ 
ments—literal faithfulness to the original text is essential. The 
responsibility for faithfulness to original text must rest with the 
author, editor, or originating office. The extent to which it is desired 
that copy be followed should always be specifically indicated. (See 
first paragraph on p. 1.) 


Page 


Copy marked “fol.” (rule 244)_ 97 

Copy marked “fol. lit.” (rule 245)_ 97 

Copy marked “reprint” (rule 246)- 97 

Copy marked “ bill style ” (rule 247)_ 97 

Unprepared copy (rule 248)-- 97 


RULES 

Copy marked “fol.” 

244. Copy marked “fol.” is to be followed with respect to verbal 
expression, spelling, abbreviations, signs, symbols, figures, and italic, 
but not necessarily with respect to capitalization, punctuation, or 
compounding. Any spelling in “fol.” matter is permissible that has 
the sanction of a dictionary. 

Copy marked “fol. lit.” 

245. Copy marked “fol. lit.” is to be followed in all respects, includ¬ 
ing capitalization, punctuation, compounding, and even manifest 
errors, but not necessarily size and style of type. 

Copy marked “reprint” 

246. Copy marked “reprint” is to be followed in all respects, 
including size and style of type, if practicable. 

Copy marked “bill style” 

247. Copy marked “billstyle” is to follow the style of the Govern¬ 
ment Printing Office Bill Style Manual. 

The Bill Style Manual conforms to this Style Manual in many 
particulars, such as the use of figures in dates; sums of money; per¬ 
centages; the numbers of articles, chapters, lines, pages, paragraphs, 
parts, sections (including land descriptions), and volumes; the clas¬ 
sification of vessels (A-l); and all other instances where numbered 
is used or implied. Otherwise, everything is spelled out except Mr. 
and Mrs. 

Unprepared copy 

248. Copy that bears no preparation will be printed in conformity 
with this Style Manual. 


97 










































MISCELLANEOUS RULES 


The rules in this section cover miscellaneous features of style that 
do not properly fall under any of the preceding subjects. 


Page 


Center and side heads (rules 2S3-288)_ 105 

Citations (rule 289)_ 105 

Division of words (rules 290-296)_ 106 

“Et cetera”, “etc.”, “and so forth” (rule 297)_ 106 

Footnotes (see Reference marks and footnotes)_ 106 

Indentions (rules 298-301)_ 106 

Indexes and tables of contents (rules 302-307)___106 

Leads and slugs (see Spacing)_ 107 

Legends beneath illustrations (rules 308-311)_ 107 

Letters illustrating shapes and forms (rule 312)_ 107 

Numbered paragraphs or items (rule 313)_ 107 

Reference marks and footnotes (rules 314-319)_ 107 

Sidenotes and cut-in notes (rules 320, 321)_ 108 

Spacing (rules 322-325)_108 


RULES 

Center and side heads 

283. The responsibility for uniformity in type used for heads of 
coordinate rank rests with copy editors. 

284. Unless otherwise marked, center heads are set in capitals and 
side heads are set in lower-case (only first word and proper names 
capitalized). 

285. Periods are omitted after center heads, running heads, and 
flush and cut-in side heads; a period and dash are used after a side 
head run in with the text, except such terms as Article 1, Section 1. 

286. Division of words should be avoided in center heads making 
more than one line, and the first line should be centered, not made to 
fill the measure by unduly wide spacing. 

287. Center heads set in capitals are spaced with at least en quads 
between words, and the space is widened proportionately for an 
extended face or for letter-spaced words. 

288. In heads set in capitals a small-cap c or ac, if available, is used 
in such names as McLean or MacLeod; otherwise a lower-case c or ac. 
In heads set in small caps an apostrophe is used instead of the c. 
(See also Capitalization, rules 5 and 5a.) 

Citations (see also Reference marks and footnotes) 

289. In text, a parenthetical citation at the end of a sentence is 
included within the sentence unless it forms a sentence in itself or 
unless copy is specifically marked otherwise. 


105 


















106 


MISCELLANEOUS RULES 


[Rules 290-303 


Division of words, etc. (see also Center and side heads) 

290. The division of words at the ends of consecutive lines should 
be avoided so far as possible without sacrificing good spacing. 

291. Hyphened words are preferably divided at the compounding 
hyphen. 

292. A word should not be divided on a single letter; division on 
two letters should be avoided if possible. 

293. The last word on a page and the last word of the last full line 
of a paragraph are preferably not divided. 

294. Division of words should be minimized in leaded matter and 
avoided so far as possible in double-leaded matter. 

295. Such abbreviations as U.S.N., D.C., M.D., B.C., a.m., and 
NW}{ should not be divided at the end of a line. 

296. Initials should not be divided at the end of a line, and, prefer¬ 
ably, they are not separated from the surname; Esq., Sr., and Jr. 
should not be separated from the names to which they belong. 

“ Et cetera”, “ etc.”, “and so forth” 

297. In printing a speaker’s language, the words and so forth or 
et cetera are used—not the abbreviation etc. If a quoted extract is set 
in type smaller than that of the preceding text and the speaker has 
summed up the remainder of the quotation with the words and so 
forth or et cetera, those words should be placed at the beginning of the 
following paragraph. 

Footnotes (see Reference marks and footnotes, p. 107) 


Indentions 

298. In document or narrower measure the paragraph indention 
is 1 em. 

299. Overruns in hanging indentions are 1 em more than the first 
line, except that to avoid conflict with a following indention (for 
example, of a subentry) the overrun indention is made 1 em more than 
the following line. In a group where the first lines are numbered or 
lettered the indention is 3 ems, or more if necessary to clear. 

300. In matter wider than document measure the indention for 
paragraphs is 2 ems instead of 1 em, and the indentions on date lines, 
addresses, and signatures (see rules 225, 232) are increased by 1 em. 

301. The indention of matter set in smaller type should be the 
same, in points, as that of the main text if the indented lines are in 
juxtaposition. 


Indexes and tables of contents 

302. Indexes and tables of contents are set in the same style as the 
text. 

303. In indexes set with leaders, if the page numbers will not all 
go in the leader line, the first number is set in that line and the other 
numbers are overrun; but to save an overrun the page numbers may 
be run back within an em leader of the entry, with an en quad between 
the leader and the figures. 


If page folios overrun_.... 220, 

224, 227, 230, 240 
This way to save overruns. _ 220,224, 
227, 230, 235, 238, 240, 247, 260 


And this way when overrun 

folios make 2 or more lines.__ 220, 

224, 226, 230, 240,245,247,250, 
255, 258, 300. 




Rules 304-314] 


MISCELLANEOUS RULES 


107 


304. The overrun page numbers are indented 7 ems in full measure 
and 3K ems in half measure, more than one line being used if necessary. 
These indentions are increased if necessary to avoid conflict with 
matter above or below. 

305. In index entries the following forms are used: 

Brown, A. H., Jr. ( not Brown, Jr., A. H.) 

Brown, A. H., & Sons ( not Brown & Sons, A. H.) 

306. In a table of contents, where such a word as chapter , plate, 
or figure is followed by a number and period in the first line and 
cleared in the following lines, an en quad is used after the period in 
the first line, and the periods are alined. 

307. Subheads to tables of contents are centered on the full measure. 
If such subheads extend to the figure column, the figure column and 
an equal number of ems on the left are cleared. 

Leads and slugs (see Spacing, p. 108) 

Legends beneath illustrations 

308. Legends of one or two lines are centered; legends of more than 
two lines are set with hanging indention. If an illustration is narrower 
than full measure and text is to be run at the side of it the legend is 
set the width of the illustration; if text is not to be run at the side of 
the illustration the legend is set full measure regardless of the width 
of the illustration, unless copy is otherwise marked. 

309. Legends are leaded if the text is leaded and are set solid if 
the text is solid. 

310. Legend lines of illustrations vdiich run the broad v T ay should 
be printed to read up; that is, the even-page legend should be on the 
binding (or inside) margin, and the odd-page legend on the outside 
margin. 

311. A period is used after legends and explanatory matter beneath 
illustrations. 

Letters illustrating shapes and forms 

312. Letters used to illustrate shapes and forms, as U-shape(d), 
A-frame, T-rail , are set in gothic—case 380 for 10-point, case 379 for 
8-point, and case 378 for 6-point—except that for I-beam cases 14, 13, 
and 12, respectively, are used. A gothic capital is not used in X-ray 
and TJ-boat , which have no reference to shape or form. 

Numbered paragraphs or items 

313. A period and en quad are used after a number or letter at the 
beginning of a paragraph or item, but if parentheses are used the 
period is omitted. 

Reference marks and footnotes 

314. For reference marks in text, superior figures are used, separated 
from the words to which they apply by thin spaces, unless immedi¬ 
ately preceded by a period or comma. Unless copy and proofs are 
otherwise marked, the footnotes are numbered consecutively, from 1 
to 99, but in a publication that is divided into chapters or articles 
the reference numbers begin with 1 in each chapter or article. A 
superior reference mark follows all punctuation marks except a dash. 

174205°—33-7 


108 


MISCELLANEOUS RULES 


[Rules 315-325 


315. Where reference figures might lead to ambiguity (for example, 
in matter containing exponents) italic superior letters may be used. 

316. Footnotes are set in the same measure as the text to which 
they belong. 

317. Footnotes are set as paragraphs and are separated from the 
text by a 60-point rule, flush on the left, with 2 leads above and below 
the rule. Two or more short footnotes coming together may be 
combined by the maker-up in one line, with the blank spaces equal¬ 
ized, provided the spaces are not less than 2 ems. 

318. Unless copy is otherwise marked, footnotes to 12-point text 
are set in 8-point; footnotes to 10-point and 8-point text are set in 
6-point. 

319. Letters used for reference marks in explaining diagrams, etc., 
are set in italic for either capitals or lower-case. 

Sidenotes and cut-in notes 

320. Sidenotes and cut-in notes are set as paragraphs unless other¬ 
wise marked; if so prepared they may be set with each line flush on the 
left and ragged on the right. The measure to be allowed for cut-in 
notes is 12 ems of 6-point unless otherwise marked, and the note should 
bear off from the text an em above and below and at least an em at 
the side. 

321. The cut-in note should begin on the third line of the paragraph 
of text unless the paragraph is too short. 

Spacing 

322. Spacing of text is governed by the leading, narrow spacing 
being more desirable in solid matter than in leaded matter. Very 
thin or very wide spacing in the first line of a paragraph should be 
avoided. 

323. If the last line of a paragraph follows a widely spaced line it is 
spaced with en quads instead of 3-em spaces. 

324. Center heads are separated from the text by slugs, the space 
below the head being at least 2 points less than the space above. 

325. Unless otherwise marked, extracts or other matter set off from 
the main text by smaller type or indention are separated from the 
text by 3 leads in leaded matter and 2 leads in solid matter. 


GENERAL INFORMATION 


GEOLOGIC TERMS 

For the capitalization, compounding, and use of quotations in geologic terms, 
copy is to be followed. The following list gives many of the terms in common 
use. It should be noted that “Coal Measures’’ is used for a subdivision of the 
Carboniferous system; “Calciferous” and “Magnesian” for lithologic subdivisions 
of the. Cambrian and Ordovician, respectively; and “Red Beds” for Permo- 
Triassic rocks of the West; and that these terms, if used in a common-noun 
sense, are not capitalized or quoted. The term redbeds (lower-case, one word) is 
used in a technical, nonliteral sense to designate certain formations of mixed 
lithologic character that are predominantly red. The adjectives upper, middle, 
and lower are capitalized only as indicated in the list, unless the term is quoted 
(lower Carboniferous; “Lower Carboniferous”). Such common nouns as forma¬ 
tion, member, group, anticline, syncline, dome, uplift, and terrace are not capitalized 
even if preceded by a name: Mesaverde formation, Devol anticline, Ozark uplift, 
etc. A dagger preceding a name (f Lafayette gravel) indicates that the name is 
obsolete or abandoned. 


Acadian 
Algonkian 
Archean 
“ Calciferous” 
Cambrian: 

Lower 

Middle 

pre-Cambrian 

Upper 

Carboniferous: 
lower 
upper 
Cenozoic 
Cincinnatian 
“Coal Measures” 

“ Corniferous ” 
Cretaceous: 

Lower 

Upper 


Devonian: 
Lower 
Middle 
Upper 
Eocene: 
lower 
middle 
upper 
Georgian 
glacial: 

interglacial 
postglacial 
preglacial 
Jurassic: 

Lower 
Middle 
Upper 
“ Juratrias” 
“Lignitic” 


lignitic 

“ Magnesian” 
Mesozoic 
Miocene: 
lower 
middle 
upper 

Mississippian 

Mohawkian 

Neocene 

Oligocene: 

lower 

middle 

upper 

Ordovician: 
Lower 
Middle 
Upper 
Paleozoic 


PHYSIOGRAPHIC TERMS 


Pennsylvanian 

Permian 

“Permo-Carbon¬ 

iferous” 

Pleistocene 

Pliocene: 

post-Pliocene 
pre-Pliocene 
Proterozoic 
Quaternary 
Recent 
“Red Beds” 
Saratogan 
Silurian 
Tertiary 
Triassic: 

Lower 

Middle 

Upper 


The following list of physical divisions of the United States has been approved 
by the Association of American Geographers and should be used as a guide to 
capitalization. The general terms province and section, being used in the com¬ 
mon-noun sense, are not capitalized; the other terms are proper names and are 
therefore capitalized. 


PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 


Major division 


Province 


Section 


Laurentian Upland 
Atlantic Plain- 


Superior Upland. 
Continental Shelf. 
Coastal Plain_ 


Appalachian Highlands. 


Piedmont province.. 

Blue Ridge province.. 

Valley and Ridge province. 


St. Lawrence Valley. 


Embayed section. 

Sea Island section. 
Floridian section. 

East Gulf Coastal Plain. 
Mississippi Alluvial Plain. 
West Gulf Coastal Plain. 
Piedmont Upland. 
Piedmont Lowlands. 
Northern section. 

Southern section. 
Tennessee section. 

Middle section. 

Hudson Valley. 
Champlain section. 
Northern section. 


149 
















150 


GENERAL INFORMATION 


PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF THE UNITED STATES—Continued 


Major division 


Province 


Section 


Appalachian Highlands 


Appalachian Plateaus. 


New England province 


Mohawk section. 

Catskill section. 

Southern New York section. 
Allegheny Mountain section. 
Kanawha section. 

Cumberland Plateau. 
Cumberland Mountain section. 
Seaboard Lowland. 

New England Upland. 

White Mountain section. 

Green Mountain section. 
Taconic section. 


Interior Plains 


Interior Highlands. 

Rocky Mountain System 

Intermontane Plateaus... 


Pacific Mountain System 


Adirondack province- 
Interior Low Plateaus. 


Central Lowland 


Great Plains. 


Ozark Plateaus... 

Ouachita province. 

Southern Rocky Mountains. 

Wyoming Basin__ 

Middle Rocky Mountains. . 
Northern Rocky Mountains 
Columbia Plateaus. 


Colorado Plateaus 


Basin and Range province 


Sierra-Cascade Mountains. 


Pacific Border province 


Lower Californian province 


Highland Rim. 

Lexington Plain. 

Nashville Basin. 

Eastern lake section. 
Western lake section. 
Wisconsin Driftless section. 
Till Plains. 

Dissected Till Plains. 

Osage Plains. 

Missouri Plateau. 

Black Hills. 

High Plains. 

Plains Border. 

Colorado Piedmont. 

Raton section. 

Pecos Valley. 

Edwards Plateau. 

Central Texas section. 
Springfield-Salem plateaus. 
Boston “Mountains.” 
Arkansas Valley. 

Ouachita Mountains. 


Walla Walla Plateau. 

Blue Mountain section. 
Payette section. 

Snake River Plain. 

Harney section. 

High Plateaus of Utah. 

Uinta Basin. 

Canyon Lands. 

Navajo section. 

Grand Canyon section. 

Datil section. 

Great Basin. 

Sonoran Desert. 

Salton Trough. 

Mexican Highland. 
Sacramento section. 

Northern Cascade Mountains. 
Middle Cascade Mountains. 
Southern Cascade Mountains. 
Sierra Nevada. 

Puget Trough. 

Olympic Mountains. 

Oregon Coast Range. 

Klamath Mountains. 
California Trough. 

California Coast Ranges. 

Los Angeles Ranges. 



































GENERAL INFORMATION 151 

PRINCIPAL AND GUIDE MERIDIANS AND BASE LINES OF THE UNITED 

STATES 


First, second, etc., standard parallel. 
First, second, etc., guide meridian. 
First, second, etc., principal meridian. 
Auxiliary (first, second, etc.) meridian. 
Ashley guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Beaverhead guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Belt Mountain guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Big Hole guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Bitterroot guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Black Hills base line. (S.Dak.) 

Black Hills guide meridian. (S.Dak.) 
Boise meridian. (Idaho.) 

Boulder guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Browning guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Buffalo Creek guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Carson River guide meridian. (Nev.) 
Castle Valley guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Chickasaw meridian. (Miss.) 

Choctaw base line. (Miss.) 

Choctaw meridian. (Miss.) 

Cimarron meridian. (Okla.) 

Colorado guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Columbia guide meridian. (Wash.) 
Colville guide meridian. (Wash.) 
Copper River meridian. (Alaska.) 
Coulson guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Deer Lodge guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Deschutes meridian. (Oreg.) 

Emery Valley guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Fairbanks meridian. (Alaska.) 
Flathead guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Fort Belknap guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Fremont Valley guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Gila and Salt River meridian. (Ariz.) 
Grand River guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Grande Ronde guide meridian. (Oreg.) 
Green River guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Haystack Butte guide meridian. 
(Mont.) 

Helena guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Henry Mountain guide meridian. 
(Utah.) 

Horse Plains guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Humboldt meridian. (Calif.) 
Humboldt River guide meridian. 
(Nev.) 

Huntsville meridian. (Ala.-Miss.) 
Indian meridian. (Okla.) 

Jefferson guide meridian. (Mont.) 


Judith guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Kanab guide meridian. (Utah.) 

Kolob guide meridian. (Utah.) 

Little Porcupine guide meridian. 
(Mont.) 

Louisiana meridian. (La.) 

Maginnis guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Michigan meridian. (Mich.-Ohio.) 
Mount Diablo base line. (Calif.-Nev.) 
Mount Diablo meridian. (Calif.-Nev.) 
Musselshell guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Navajo base line. (Ariz.-N .Mex.) 
Navajo meridian. (Ariz.-N.Mex.) 

New Mexico guide meridian. (N.Mex.- 
Colo.) 

New Mexico principal meridian. (N. 
Mex.-Colo.) 

Panguitch guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Passamari guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Pine Valley guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Principal meridian. (Mont.) 

Red Rock guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Reese River guide meridian. (Nev.) 
Ruby Valley guide meridian. (Nev.) 
Salt Lake meridian. (Utah.) 

St. Helena meridian. (La.) 

St. Stephens base line. (Ala.-Miss.) 
St. Stephens meridian. (Ala.-Miss.) 
San Bernardino base line. (Calif.) 

San Bernardino meridian. (Calif.) 
Sevier Lake guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Seward meridian. (Alaska.) 

Shields River guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Smith River guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Snake Valley guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Square Butte guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Sweet Grass guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Tallahassee meridian. (Fla.) 

Teton guide meridian. (Mont.) 

Uinta special meridian. (Utah.) 

Ute principal meridian. (Colo.) 

Valley Creek guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Wah Wah guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Washington meridian. (Miss.) 
Willamette meridian. (Oreg.-Wash.) 
Willow Springs guide meridian. (Utah.) 
Wind River meridian. (Wyo.) 

Yantic guide meridian. (Mont.) 
Yellowstone guide meridian. (Mont.) 



152 


GENERAL INFORMATION 


PRINCIPAL FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WITH THE TITLES OF HEADS OF STATE AND 
THE NAMES OF LEGISLATIVE BODIES, ETC. 


[As of Jan. 1, 1933] 


Country 

Title of head of 
state 

A fghanist.an 

King_ 

A lhania 

.do... 

A ndorra, 

Syndic... 

Arabia ( see Saudi 
Arabia). 

A rgp.ntina 

President- _ 

A nst.ria 

.. _ _do ... 

Rp.lginm 

King__ 

Bhutan 

Maharaja_ 

Bolivia _ 

President.. 

Brazil 

.do __ 

Bulgaria 

King_ _ 

Chile 

President.. 

China 

--..do-.-. 

Colombia 

_do.__ 

Costa Rica.. 

-.-.do... 

Cuba 

_do_ 

Czechoslovakia 

. do._. 

Danzig, Free City 
of. 

Denmark__ 


King_ 

Dominican Repub¬ 
lic. 

Ecuador_ .. 

President_ 

-, .do_ 

Egypt_ __ 

King__ 

El Salvador . 

President.. 

Estonia... 

Head of State. 


Legislative body and branches 


(Absolute monarchy) Nation¬ 
al Consultative Assembly. 

Chamber of Deputies.. 

Council.-.. 


National Congress: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 
Assembly (Nationalrat), First 
Chamber (Bundesrat). 
Senate, Chamber of Repre¬ 
sentatives. 


National Congress: Chamber 
of Senators, Chamber of 
Deputies. 

National Congress: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 

National Assembly (Sobranje) 

National Congress: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 

Legislative Yuan 1 __ 

Congress: Senate, House of 
Representatives. 

Constitutional Congress_ 

Congress: Senate, House of 
Representatives. 

National Parliament: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 

Senate, Legislative Assembly 
(Volkstag). 

Diet (Rigsdag): Landsting, 
Folketing. 

Congress: Senate, Chamber of 
Deputies. 

National Congress: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 

Parliament: Senate, Chamber 
of Deputies. 

National Assembly of Dep¬ 
uties. 

State Assembly (Riigikogu)... 


Ethiopia (Abys¬ 
sinia) . 


Emperor 


Finland 
France. 


President 
_do_ 


Germany. 


do 


Great Britain and 
Northern Ire¬ 
land, British 
Dominions be¬ 
yond the Seas, 
and India. 

Great Britain and 
Northern Ire¬ 
land, United 
Kingdom of. 

Australia, Com¬ 
monwealth of. 

Canada, Domin¬ 
ion of. 

Irish Free State... 


Newfoundland __ 
New Zealand .... 


South Africa, 
Union of. 

India, British_ 

India, Native 
States. 


King (etc.). 

King. 

Governor General. 

_do. 

_do.. 

Governor. 

Governor General. 

_do. 

Viceroy and Gov¬ 
ernor General. 
Prince, etc. 


(Absolute monarchy) Parlia¬ 
ment: Senate, Chamber of 
Deputies. 

Diet.____ 

National Assembly: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 

Legislature of the Republic 
(Reichstag), State Council 
(Reichsrat). 


Parliament: House of Lords, 
House of Commons. 


Parliament: Senate, House of 
Representatives. 

Parliament: Senate, House of 
Commons. 

Parliament: Senate (Seanad 
Eireann), Chamber of Dep¬ 
uties (Dail Eireann). 

Legislature: Legislative Coun¬ 
cil, House of Assembly. 

Parliament: Legislative Coun¬ 
cil, House of Representa¬ 
tives. 

Parliament: Senate, House of 
Assembly. 

Legislature: Council of State, 
Legislative Assembly. 


Domain and major administra¬ 
tive subdivisions 


Kingdom: Province. 

Kingdom: Prefecture. 
Protected State: Parish. 


Republic: Province, Territory, 
Federal Capital. 

Republic: Province. 

Kingdom: Province. 

State. 

Republic: Department, Terri¬ 
tory. 

Republic: State, Territory, 
Federal District. 

Kingdom: Province (Okrug). 

Republic: Province, Territory. 

Republic: Province. 

Republic: Department, Inten* 
dencia, 1 Comisarfa. 1 

Republic: Province. 

Do. 

Do. 

Free City: Kreis. 1 

Kingdom: Amt. 1 

Republic: Province. 

Republic: Province, Territory. 

Kingdom: Province (Mudirl- 
yet), Governorate. 

Republic: Department. 

Republic: District (Maavalit- 
sus). 

Empire: Feudal Kingdom, 
Province. 

Republic: Province (L&ani). 

Republic: Department. 

Republic: State, Province. 


Empire: Kingdom, Dominion, 
and India. 


Kingdom: Colony, Protector¬ 
ate, Dependency. 

Dominion: State. 

Dominion: Province, Terri¬ 
tory* 

Dominion: County. 

Dominion: District. 

Dominion: County, Munici¬ 
pality. 

Dominion: Province. 

Empire: Province. 

State. 


1 No accurate English equivalent. 
















































































GENERAL INFORMATION 


153 


PRINCIPAL FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WITH THE TITLES OF HEADS OF STATE AND 
THE NAMES OF LEGISLATIVE BODIES, ETC.—Continued 


Country 


Title of head of 
state 


Legislative body and branches 


Domain and major administra¬ 
tive subdivisions 


Greece__ 

President_ 

Guatemala_ 

__do .. 

Haiti... 

...do_ 

Hejaz and Nejd (see 
Saudi Arabia). 
Honduras __ 

do_ 

Hungary- 

Regent- - 


Iceland 


King 


Iraq 


do 


Italy _ 
Japan 


_do... 

Emperor 


Senate, Chamber of Deputies.. 
National Assembly: Perma¬ 
nent Committee functions 
during recess of assembly. 
National Assembly: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 


Congress of Deputies.. 

Parliament: Upper House, 
Lower House. 

Parliament (Alting): Upper 
House, Lower House. 
Parliament: Senate, Chamber 
of Deputies. 

_do.. 

Imperial Diet: House of Peers, 
House of Representatives. 


Chosen. 

Latvia.. 

Liberia. 

Liechtenstein 
Lithuania... 
Luxemburg 
embourg). 
Mexico.. 

Monaco_ 

Morocco. 


President 
_do_ 


(Lux- 


Prince. 

President_ 

Grand Duchess... 


Diet (Saeima).. 

Congress: Senate, House of 
Representatives. 

Diet... 

Diet (Seimas).... 

Chamber of Deputies.. 


President 

Prince... 
Sultan_ 


Congress: Senate, Chamber of 
Deputies. 

National Council.. 


Nepal. 


Netherlands. 
Nicaragua. .. 


Norway 

Oman (Muscat)- 

Panama 
Paraguay 


Maharaja. 


Queen. 

President. 

King- 

Sultan_ 

President, 
do. 



(Theoretical despotism) Prime 
Minister: Council of Min¬ 
isters. 

States-General: First Cham¬ 
ber, Second Chamber. 

Congress: Senate, Chamber of 
Deputies. 

Storting: Lagting, Odelsting.. 

(Absolute monarchy).. 

National Assembly.. 

National Congress: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 

National Consultative Assem¬ 
bly (Mejliss). 

Congress: Senate, Chamber of 
Deputies. 

Diet (Sejm), Senate. 


Portugal 


do 


Rumania. King.. 

Russia.. President of the 

All-Union Cen¬ 
tral Executive 
Committee. 


Congress of the Republic: Sen¬ 
ate, Chamber of Deputies. 

Parliament: Senate, Chamber 
of Deputies. 

All-Union Congress of Soviets: 
All-Union Central Execu¬ 
tive Committee. 


Republic: Nome 1 (Nomos). 
Republic: Department 


Do. 


Do. 

Kingdom: Comitat (Varme- 
gye). 

Kingdom: District (Syslur). 

Kingdom: District (Liwa). 

Kingdom: Province. 

Empire: Prefectures (Fu and 
Ken). 

Province. 

Republic: Province (Apgabals). 
Republic: County. 

Principality. 

Republic: District (Apskritis). 
Grand Duchy: Canton. 

Republic: State, Territory, 
Federal District. 
Principality. 

Sultanate: Territory (civil or 
military). 

Kingdom. 


Kingdom: Province. 

Republic: Department, Co¬ 
rn area. 1 

Kingdom: District (Fylke 1 ). 

Sultanate. 

Republic: Province. 

Republic: Department. 

Empire: Province. 

Republic: Department. 

Republic: Province (Woje- 
wodztwo). 

Republic: District. 

Kingdom: Judetul. 1 

Under present regime desig¬ 
nated as “Union of Soviet 
Socialist Republics,” com¬ 
posed of 7 constituent repub¬ 
lics: Autonomous Republic, 
Region (Oblast), Territory 
(Krai). 


Salvador (see El 
Salvador). 

San Marino- 

Saudi Arabia- 

Siam.. 

Spain... 

Sweden.. 

Switzerland -.. 


Turkey- 
Uruguay 


Captains-Regent 

(two). 

King- 

King-- 

President- 

King. 

President.. 


do 

do 


Grand Council. 

(Absolute monarchy). 

Legislative Council--- 

Cortes: Congress of Deputies.. 

Diet (Riksdag): First Cham¬ 
ber, Second Chamber. 

Parliament: Council of States 
(Standerat), National Coun¬ 
cil (Nationalrat). 

Grand National Assembly.... 

General Assembly: Senate, 
Chamber of Itepresenta- 


Republic. 

Dual Kingdom. 

Kingdom: Circle (Monthon *) 
Republic: Province. 
Kingdom: Lan. 1 

Republic: Canton. 


Republic: Vil&yet. 1 
Republic: Department. 


Venezuela 


do 


Yugoslavia 


King 


tives. 

Congress: Senate, Chamber of 
Deputies. 

National Congress: Senate, 
Chamber of Deputies. 


Republic: State, Territory, 
Federal District. 

Kingdom: Banovina. 1 


1 No accurate English equivalent. 






































































































154 


GENERAL INFORMATION 


NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES DENOTING NATIONALITY 

[Countries that do not use a Latin alphabet are marked with an asterisk] 


Country or region 

Noun (plural ending in parentheses) 

‘Abyssinia (see Ethiopia). 
‘Afghanistan___ 

Afghan (s)_ 

Albania__ _ 

Albanian (s)_ 

America, United States of_ 

American(s)__ 

Andorra _ 

Andorran (s)__ 

Argentina_ 

Argentinean (s)_ 

Australia_ 

Australian(s)__ 

Austria__ 

Austrian (s)_ 

Belgium... 

Belgian (s)_ 

‘Bhutan.. 

Bhutanese__ 

Burma__ __.. 

Burman(s)_ 

Bolivia_ . _ 

Bolivian (s)__ 

Brazil (United States of). _ 

Brazilian (s)_ 

‘Bulgaria__ _ 

Bulgarian (s)_ 

Canada__ 

Canadian (s)__ 

Chile.. 

Chilean (s)_ 

‘China__ 

Chinese_ 

‘Chosen_____ 

Korean (s)_ 

Colombia___ 

Colombian (s)__ 

Costa Rica_ 

Costa Rican(s)__ 

Cuba__ 

Cuban(s)____ 

Czechoslovakia..... 

Czech oslovak(s)..._ 

Denmark___ 

Dane(s)__ 

Dominican Republic_ 

Dominican (s)_ 

Ecuador. _ _ 

Ecuadoran (s)_ 

‘Egypt____ 

Egyptian (s)_ 

Ef Salvador__ 

Salvadoran (s)__ 

Estonia... 

Estonian (s)_ 


(Ethiopian(s) (preferred).. 

Finland.... 

\ Abyssinian (s)__ 

Finn(s)__ 

France...-._.. 

Frenchman (men)_ 

Germany__ 

German (s)_ 

Great Britain_ _ 

Briton (s).... 

* Greece_ __ 

Greek (s)__ 

Guatemala__ . 

Guatemalan (s)_ 

Haiti..... 

Haitian (s)__ 

‘Hejaz___ 

Hejazi (s)__ 

Honduras...__ . 

Honduran(s) _ 

Hungary____ ... 

Hungarian(s)_ 

Iceland__ 

Icelander (sj_ 

India... 

Indian(s) __ 

‘Iraq... 

Iraqi (s)_ . 

Ireland (Irish Free State; Northern 
Ireland). 

Isle of Man_ 

(Irishman (men)....... 1 

\lrish (collective plural).__ / 

(Manxman(men)..__ ) 

\Manx (collective plural)_/ 

Italy.__ 

Italian (s)_ 

‘Japan... 

Japanese (singular, plural) 

‘Korea (see Chosen). 

Latvia___ 

Latvian (s)_ 

Liberia___ 

Liberian (s)___ 

Liechtenstein___ .. 

Liechtensteiner (s)... 

Lithuania... 

Lithuanian(s)--- _ 

Luxemburg, Luxembourg- ... 

Luxemburger (s)_ 

Mexico (United Mexican States)... 
Monaco .... 

Mexican(s)... __ 

Monacan (s)__ 

Morocco___ 

Moroccan (s)_ 

‘Muscat (see Oman). 

*Nejd __ 

Nejdi(s)___ 

‘Nepal___ 

Nepalese (singular, plural) 

Netherlands_ 

Netherlander (s) 

Newfoundland. ... _ 

Newfoundlander(s)_ 

New Zealand__ 

New Zealander(s) _ 

Nicaragua.... 

Nicaraguan (s)_ 

Norway ... _____ 

Norwegian (s)__ 

‘Oman (Muscat)_ 

Omani(s). _ 

Palestine___ 

Palestinian (s)_ 

Panama____ 

Panamanian (s)_ 

Paraguay_ 

Paraguayan (s)_ 

‘Persia .. ___ 

Persian (s). ___ 

Peru...___ 

Peruvian (s)_ 

Poland_ ___ 

Pole(s)... 1_ 

Portugal_____ 

Portuguese (singular, plural) 

Rumania____ 

Rumanian (s). 

‘Russia... ... ___ 

Russian (s)l._ 

Salvador (see El Salvador). 

(Scot(s)..... 


[Scotch (collective plural)_ 


Adjective 


Afghan. 

Albanian. 


Andorran. 

Argentine. 

Australian. 

Austrian. 

Belgian. 

Bhutanese. 

Burman. 

Bolivian. 

Brazilian. 

Bulgarian. 

Canadian. 

Chilean. 

Chinese. 

Korean. 

Colombian. 

Costa Rican. 

Cuban. 

Czechoslovak. 

Danish. 

Dominican. 

Ecuadoran. 

Egyptian. 

Salvadoran. 

Estonian. 

Ethiopian (preferred). 
Abyssinian. 

Finnish. 

French. 

German. 

British. 

Greek. 

Guatemalan. 

Haitian. 

Hejaz or Hejazi. 
Honduran. 

Hungarian. 

Icelandic. 

Indian. 

Iraq or Iraqi. 

Irish. 


Italian. 

Japanese. 

Latvian. 

Liberian. 

Liechtenstein. 

Lithuanian. 

Luxemburg, Luxembourg. 
Mexican. 

Monacan. 

Moroccan. 


Nepalese. 


Oman or Omani. 

























































































































































GENERAL INFORMATION 


155 


NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES DENOTING NATIONALITY— Continued 
[Countries that do not use a Latin alphabet are marked with an asterisk] 


* 


* 


Country or region 


Noun (plural ending in parentheses) 


Adjective 


Siam.. 

South Africa, Union of.... 

Spain.. 

Sweden.... 

Switzerland. 

Syria... 

Turkey. 

United States of America (see Amer¬ 
ica, United States of). 

Uruguay.. 

Venezuela.. 

Wales..... 

Yemen.... 

Yugoslavia..... 


Siamese (singular, plural) 

South African(s). 

Spaniard (s). 

Swede(s)..... 

Swiss (singular, plural)... 

Syrian (s). 

Turk(s). 


Siamese. 

South African. 
Spanish. 
Swedish. 
Swiss. 

Syrian. 

Turkish. 


Uruguayan (s). 

Venezuelan (s). 

Welshman (men). 

.Welsh (collective plural) 

Yemeni (s).. 

Yugoslav (s). 


Uruguayan. 

Venezuelan. 

| Welsh. 

Yemen or Yemeni. 
Yugoslav. 


FOREIGN COINS 

[As of Jan. 1, 1933] 


Country 

Basic monetary unit 

Name 

Abbrevia¬ 

tion 

Symbol 

Argentina . 

Peso(s) i * _ 

P.(s.).. 

$ 

Australia_ 

Pound_ 


£ 

Austria 

Schilling.. .. 

S. 


Relginm . 

Franc (s) 3 * * .... 

Fr. (s.). 


Bolivia. 

Boliviano(s).. 

B.(s.). 

___ 

Brazil 

Milreis_ 


< 1$000 

Bulgaria 

Lev (a)_ 

L . . 


Canada 8 

Dollar (s)_ 

Doll.fs.)_ 

$ 

Chile 

Peso(s)_ 

P.(s.)_ 

$ 

Chjna 

Haikwan tael. 

HK Tl.(s.)_ 



Shanghai tael. 

Tl.(s.)- 



Mexican dol- 


$ 


lar. 




Yuan dollar. 


$ 

Colombia- 

Peso(s)_ 

P.(s.).. 

$ 

Cost.a Rica _ _ 

Colon (es).... 


Q 

Cuba _ _ 

Peso(s)_ 

P.(s.). 

$ 

Czechoslovakia. 

Koruna(ny).. 

kcL . . . 


Denmark 

Krone 

Kr_ 


Ecuador 

Sucre(s)_ 

S/.. 


E.prvnt 

Pound 

LE_ 


Ed Salvador 

Colon (es) 


Q 

Estonia 

Kroon (it. 

Ekr_ 


Ejnl^nd 

Markka fa) 

SMK_ 


Eranee 

Eranc(s). 

Fr.(s.)_ 


Herman v 

Refchsmark 

RM-.. 


Great Britain 7 

Pound fs) __ 

L stg.. 

£ 

Greece. 

Drachma(ai). 

Dr. 


Guatemala. 

Quetzal(es)-. 

Q.(s.). 

_ 


Value of 
basic 

Principal derived unit 

unit in 
terms of 
United 
States 

Name 

Abbrevia¬ 

tion 

Symbol 1 

money 




$0.9648 

Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.)._ 
s_ 


f Shilling(s)_ 


4. 8665 

\Penny~(pence)... 
Groschen_ 

d. 


. 1407 



. 0278 

Centime (s)_ 



.3650 

Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.)„ 


. 1196 

Real (reis) _ 

$ 

.0072 

Stotinka(ki)_ 


1. 0000 

Cent(s)__ 


t 

. 1217 

Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.)__ 

$ 

( fl ) 

( # ) 

( 6 ) 

(«) 

.9733 












Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.)._ 
Ctmo.(s.). 
Ctvo.(s.)„ 
Ha.. 

$ 

2500 

Centimo(s)_ 

1. 0000 

Centavo(s)_ 

$ 

.0296 

.2680 

2000 

Haler (e) _ 

0ref(7)rerl _ 



Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.) — 
Pt. 


4. 9431 
. 5000 

Piastre _ 


Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.).. 


.2680 

.0252 

.0392 

.2382 

4. 8665 

Sentfi) . 


Pennifnia) 

Pia_ 


Centime(s)_ 



Reichspfennig(e). 

fShilling(s)_ 

(Penny (pence).— 
T.eptnnfta) 

Rpf.(e.).„ 

d ...I" 


.0130 

1.0000 



(8):....:..:- 




i In the majority of countries the fractional parts of monetary units are indicated much the same as United 
States dollars and cents, with the difference that the comma is used instead of the decimal point, I. e. in 
Mexico. Ps. 495,50 represents 495 pesos and 50 centavos. Where there is still a lesser fractional part, it is 
written as follows: £5 2s. 4d. represents 5 pounds 2 shillings and 4 pence. Some few countries separate the 
fractional part simply by a space (without period or comma), while others use the symbol ($) between the 
basic unit and the fractional part. . , i\ 

* Gold peso (oro sellado) is abbreviated o/s; paper money (moneda nacional) is abbreviated m/n. 

3 The Belga (B.) is used only in exchange transactions. 

* The conto or 1,000 milreis is written 1:000$000. 

6 Including Newfoundland. 

6 Par varies with the price of silver. , 

7 The nound is also the unit in all of the British colonies and territories except where a local currency 
exists In a number of the African possessions the local shilling is the principal unit and it has the same 
value as the English shilling. In the British West Indies the local dollar of 100 cents is used m most cases, 
the pound sterling being the equivalent of 4.80 local currency ($4.80). 

s Fractional currency in terms of the monetary unit, i.e., .50 represents 


i one-half quetzal. 












































































































































156 


GENERAL INFORMATION 


FOREIGN COINS— Continued 


Country 


Haiti__ 

Honduras. 

Hong Kong_ 

Hungary_ 

India, British 9 . 
Indo China_ 

Irish Free State 

Italy.. 

Japan__.. 

Latvia.. 

Lithuania_ 

Malaya, British 

Mexico_ 

Netherlands 10 _. 

New Zealand.. 


Basic monetary unit 


Name 


Gourde(s).—. 
Lempira (s) — 

Dollar.. 

Pengo_ 

Rupee_ 

Piastre. 

Pound (s). 

Lira (re)- 

Yen_ 

Lat(os)- 

Litas(tu)_ 

Straits dollar. 

Peso(s)—. 

Florin (s). 

Pound. 


Abbrevia¬ 

tion 


Gdc.(s.). 
L.(s.) — 


P_ 

R.(s.). 
P. 


L.(s.). 

L._._ 


P.(s.). 

Fl.(s.)- 


Symbol 


Value of 
basic 
unit in 
terms of 
United 
States 
money 


$ 0.2000 
.5000 
( 6 ) 

.1749 

.3650 

.3920 

4. 8665 

.0526 
.4985 
. 1930 
. 1000 
( 6 ) 

.4985 

.4020 

4. 8665 


Norway.. 

Panama.. 

Paraguay.. 

Persia “.. 

Peru__ 

Philippines_ 

Poland_ 

Portugal 12 _ 

Rumania_ 

Salvador ( see 
El Salvador). 

Siam__ 

Spain. 

Sweden.. 

Switzerland_ 

Turkey.. 

U.S.S.R. (Rus¬ 
sia). 

Uruguay_ 

Venezuela_ 

Yugoslavia. 


Krone (er) 
Balboa(s). 
Peso(s) 2 .. 

Rial_ 

Sol(es)-.. 

Peso_ 

Zloty (te). 
Escudo (s) 
Leu (lei).. 


Kr__. 

B.(s.) 

P.(s.) 

s/i::: 

zi:::: 

l;::: 


$ 



Baht- 

Peseta 


Pta.(s.) 


Krona (nor) .. 

Franc_ 

Pound.. 

Chervonets^ 3 . 


Kr_ 

Fr.(s.)_ 

L Tq.(s.)_ 
R.(s.). 


Peso(s)_ 

Bolivar(es) — 
Dinar (i)_ 


P.(s.) 

B.(s.) 


$ 


Din 


.2680 

1.0000 

.9648 

.2433 

.2800 

.5000 

.1122 

.0442 

.0060 


.4424 
.1930 
.2680 
.1930 
4. 3964 
$5.1457 

1. 0342 
.1930 
.0176 


Principal derived unit 


Name 

Abbrevia¬ 

tion 

Gpnt.impYs) 


Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.)— 

Cent(s) _ 

Filler '. _ 


Anna 


Centime(s)_ 


Shillingfsl 

s__ 

Penny (pence)_ 

Cp/nt.psimofil 

d_ 


Sen 


SantimsOmil 


Cent(s)_ 


Cent(s) .. _ 


Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.)— 

Cent(s) 

Shilling (s)__ 

s_ 

Penny (pence)... 
0re(0rer)_ 

d_ 


Centavo (s)._ 

Ctvo.(s.)._ 

Ctvo.(s.)„ 

Centavo (s)_ 


Centavo(s)__ 

Ctvo.(s.j— 

Ctvo.(s.)— 

Centavo (s)_ 

Grosz(e). _ 

Centavo(s)_ 

Ctvo.(s.)„ 

Ban(i)_ 

Satang_ 


Centimo(s)_ 

Ctmo.(s.). 

Ore_ 

Centime (s)_ 


Piastre (s)_ 


Ruble; kopek_ 

Centesimo(s)... . 
Centimo(s)_ 

R.(s.). 

Ctmo.(s.)_ 

Ctmo.(s.)_ 

Para_ 




Symbol 


$ 


$ 


$ 


$ 


$ 


3 Gold peso (oro sellado) is abbreviated o/s; paper money (moneda nacional) is abbreviated m/m. 

6 Par varies with the price of silver. 

9 The rupee is also used in Ceylon and some of the African territories. 

10 Including Netherland India. 

11 The pahlavi (20 rials) has the same value as the British pound sterling. 

12 The symbol ($) is used between the escudo and the centavo; the colon (:) used between the conto and 
the escudo, i.e., 5:415.385$50 reads 5 contos 415,385 escudos and 50 centavos. 

33 The chervonets is the equivalent of 10 chervonets rubles. Quotations are usually in rubles. 
































































































































GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


The following list is based on the principles and rules for com¬ 
pounding given on pages 49-53. Manifestly such a list cannot be 
complete, but the approved usage with respect to any words not in¬ 
cluded can be determined by analogy or by application of the rules 
or the general principle. 

Words printed flush are combined with the words indented beneath 
them to form solid compounds, hyphened compounds, or two words 
(indicated by the space mark). 

Words given under combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes are 
limited to only a few examples. Such words are usually solid (rules 
58, 58a), but the hyphen is sometimes required for a special reason 
(rules 585, 58c). 

Rule numbers are indicated in parentheses, except that no refer¬ 
ence is made to the general rule for compounding (rule 43), as that 
rule applies to all compounds in the list. Words kept apart under 
the general principle only are followed by no parenthetic reference. 

The abbreviations a. (adjective), adv. (adverb), n. (noun), p. 
(participle), pron. (pronoun), and v. (verb) indicate functions of the 
compounds as given; words marked u.m. (unit modifier) are com¬ 
pounded only if preceding a noun. Foreign languages are indicated 
by the usual abbreviations. 


a (prefix) 
foot (58) 

horseback (52, 58) 
shipboard (52, 58) 
tiptoe (52, 58) 
A-frame (44c) 
aard 

vark (48) 
wolf (48) 
ab (prefix) 
normal (58) 
abiding place (43a) 
able 

-bodied (49) 
-bodiedness (45) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
able (suffix) 

remarkable (58) 
aboutsledge (48) 
above 

board (52) 
deck (52) 
ground (52) 
stairs (52) 

-mentioned (u.m.) (51) 
absent 
-minded (49) 
-mindedly (45) 
-mindedness (45) 


acid 

proof (49) 
fast (49) 

actino (combining form) 
chemistry (58a) 
-electricity (58c) 
acute-angled (49) 
ad (prefix) 

minister (58) 
adder 

belt (48) 
fish (48) 
addle 

brain (48) 
brained (45) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
pate (48) 
pated (45) 
plot (48) 

aero (combining form) 
dynamics (58a) 
afore 

-going (49) 

-mentioned (49) 
thought (48) 
aft 

castle (48) 
most (49) 


after 

glow (48) 
-mentioned (49) 
thought (48) 
wit (48) 
witted (45) 
agateware (48) 
age (suffix) 

percentage (58) 
air 

-bound (49) 
-built (49) 
craft (48) 

-dried (49) 
-driven (49) 

-dry (446) 

#duct (43a) 
-floated (49) 
lock (v.) (52) 
locked (p.) (45) 
locking (p.) (45) 
man (48) 
^navigation (43a) 
plane (48) 
port (48) 
ship (48) 
sick (49) 

-slaked (49) 
tight (49) 


165 


166 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


air—continued 
tightness (45) 
ward (58) 
way (48) 
woman (48) 
worthy (49) 
aitchbone (48) 
alcoholo (combining form) 
meter (58a) 
ale 

house (48) 
taster (48) 
wife (48) 
all 

#around 

-cap (u.m.) (51) 

-fired (49) 

-firedly (45) 

#mark (43a) 
mouth (48) 
bright 

-round (u.m.) (51) 
spice (48) 
work (48) 
alleyway (48) 
almond-eyed (49) 
alms 

giver (48) 
giving (n.) (48) 
house (48) 
along 

shore (52) 
side (52) 
alpen 

glow (48) 
horn (48) 
stock (48) 
altar 

piece (48) 

#screen (43a) 
wise (58) 

altitude-pressure (u.m.) 
(51) 

alto (combining form) 
cumulus (58a) 
amidships (52) 
amperemeter (48) 
amylo (combining form) 
genesis (58a) 
an (suffix) (58) 
anchor 

hold (48) 
flight (43a) 
angle 

meter (48) 
sight (48) 
twitch (48) 
wing (48) 
wise (58) 
worm (48) 

Anglo (combining form) 
mania (58a) 
-American (58c) 
ant (prefix) 
arctic (58) 
anteater (48) 


ante (prefix) 
date (58) 
ante 

-bellum (u.m.) (51) 
-mortem (u.m.) (51) 
antero (combining form) 
lateral (58a) 
anti (prefix) 

-hog-cholera (u.m.) (51) 
-imperial (58c) 
slavery (58) 
anvil-faced (49) 
any 

body (pron.) (52) 
how (52) 
one (pron.) (52) 
thing (pron.) (52) 
way (52) 
where (52) 
whither (52) 
wise (58) 
applejack (48) 
arch (prefix) 
bishop (58) 
duke (58) 
pillar (58) 
arch (suffix) (58) 
area way (48) 
argillo (combining form) 
magnesian (58a) 
argus-eyed (49) 
aristo (combining form) 
paper (58a) 
type (58a) 
arm 

chair (48) 
hole (48) 
let (58) 
pit (48) 
rack (48) 
armor 

bearer (48) 

-clad (49) 

-piercing (49) 

#plate (43a) 

-plated (49) 
arrow 

beam (48) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
stone (48) 

-toothed (49) 
worm (48) 

arterio (combining form) 
sclerosis (58a) 
artillery 
man (48) 
ship (58) 

ash 

#color (43a) 

-colored (49) 

-leaved (49) 
astro (combining form) 
physics (58a) 
athwart 

hawse (52) 


athwart—continued 
ship (52) 
ships (52) 

auto (combining form) 
biography (58a) 
bus (58a) 

-immunization (58c) 
-infection (58c) 
-inoculation (58c) 
-intoxication (58c) 
-ophthalmoscope (58c) 
-oxidation (58c) 
sight (58a) 
truck (58a) 
type (58a) 
awe 

some (49) 

-strike (v.) (446) 
-stricken (45) 
-striking (p.) (45) 
-struck (p.) (45) 
awl 

-shaped (49) 
ax 

hammer (48) 
man (48) 
stone (48) 
tree (48) 
axletree (48) 
aye-aye (446) 

back 

ache (48) 

-acting (49) 
angle (48) 
band (48) 
bite (v.) (52) 
biter (45) 
biting (45) 
board (48) 
bone (48) 
boned (45) 
chain (48) 
fire (v.) (52) 
fired (p.) (45) 
firing (p.) (45) 
flap (48) 
focus (a.) (49) 
fold (48) 
furrow (v.) (52) 
furrowed (p.) (45) 
furrowing (p.) (45) 
gammon (48) 
ground (48) 
hand (48) 
handed (45) 
hander (45) 
heel (48) 
joint (48) 
lash (48) 
lashing (n.) (45) 
log (48) 
piece (48) 
plate (48) 
racket (48) 
raking (n.) (48) 
rope (48) 
saw (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


167 


back—continued 
set (v.) (52) 
setting (p.) (45) 
settler (48) 
shift (48) 
side (48) 
slide (v.) (52) 
slider (45) 
sliding (p.) (45) 
stage (48) 
stair (a.) (49) 
stamp (n. v.) (48, 52) 
stamped (p.) (45) 
stamping (p.) (45) 
stay (48) 
stick (48) 
stitch (48) 
strap (48) 
strapped (45) 
string (48) 
strip (48) 
stop (48) 
stroke (48) 
sword (48) 
swording (n.) (45) 
swordman (48) 
ward (58) 

wash (n., v.) (48, 52) 
washed (p.) (45) 
washer (45) 
washing (p.) (45) 
water (48) 
way (48) 
woods (48) 
woodsman (48) 
worm (48) 

back (also functions as 
suffix) 

muleback (48) 
badgeman (48) 
badger-legged (49) 
badland (a.) (49) 
badlands (48) 
bag 

pipe (48) 
piper (45) 
piping (n.) (45) 
reef (48) 
room (48) 
worm (48) 
baggage 
man (48) 
master (48) 
struck (43a) 
bailpiece (48) 
bailsman (48) 
bake 

house (48) 
shop (48) 

bakelite-dilecto (446) 
balancewise (58) 
bald 

crown (48) 

-faced (49) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
pate (48) 


bald—continued 
pated (45) 
patedness (45) 
ball 

fish (48) 
flower (48) 

-like (44a) 
proof (49) 
room (48) 
stock (48) 
band 

box (48) 
master (48) 

#pulley (43a) 

-shaped (49) 
string (48) 

-tailed (49) 
wagon (48) 
bandy 

ball (48) 

-bandy (446) 

-legged (49) 
bang 

tail (48) 
tailed (45) 
bank 

side (of stream) (48) 
-sided (ship) (49) 
bar 

#bit (43a) 
keeper (48) 
maid (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
post (48) 
room (48) 
tender (48) 
way (48) 
wise (58) 
wood (48) 
bare 

back (52) 
backed (45) 

-faced (49) 
foot (a., adv.) (49, 52) 
footed (45) 
barge 

couple (48) 
course (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
barkometer (58a) 
barmy-brained (49) 
barn 

#owl (43a) 
stormer (48) 
storming (n.) (48) 
yard (48) 

barring-out (n.) (46) 
barrowman (48) 
base 

ball (48) 
board (48) 

-born (49) 

-bred (49) 
burner (48) 
court (48) 


base—continued 

level (n., v.) (48, 52) 
leveled (p.) (45) 
leveling (p.) (45) 
man (48) 

-minded (49) 
-mindedly (45) 
-mindedness (45) 
basket 
-hilted (49) 
weave (48) 
work (48) 
bas-relief (446) 
bassbar (48) 
basse-taille (Fr.) 
basso-rilievo (It.) 
bat 

fish (48) 
fowl (v.) (52) 
fowled (p.) (45) 
fowler (45) 
fowling (p.) (45) 
man (48) 
wing (48) 
bath 

house (48) 
room (48) 
tub (48) 
bats 

man (48a) 
wing (48a) 
battering ram (43a) 
battle 
ax (48) 
field (48) 

#formation (43a) 
plane (48) 
ship (48) 
bay 

bolt (48) 
gall (48) 
head (48) 
man (48) 

#rum (43a) 
wood (48) 
be (prefix) 
wail (58) 
beach 

man (48) 
master (48) 

#wagon (43a) 
beacon light (43a) 
bead 

roll (48) 

#tool (43a) 
work (48) 
beak 

head (48) 
iron (48) 

#molding (43a) 
beam 

filling (n.) (48) 
trawl (n., v.) (48, 52) 
trawled (p.) (45) 
trawling (p.) (45) 
beanfeast (48) 


168 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


bear 

#garden (43a) 
herd (48) 
hound (48) 
skin (48) 
ward (48) 
bearspaw (48a) 
bed 

bug (48) 
chair (48) 
chamber (48) 
clothes (48) 
cord (48) 
cover (48) 
fast (49) 
fellow (48) 
gown (48) 
key (48) 
maker (48) 
molding (n;) (48) 
pan (48) 
plate (48) 
post (48) 
quilt (48) 

-rid (49) 

-ridden (49) 
rock (48) 
room (48) 
screw (48) 
side (48) 
sore (48) 
spread (48) 
staff (48) 
stead (48) 
tick (48) 
ticking (n.) (48) 
^timber (43a) 
time (48) 
ward (58) 
way (48) 
beechnut (48) 
beef 

eater (48) 

^extract (43a) 
steak (48) 

-witted (45) 
bees 

wax (48a) 

wing (n., a.) (48a, 45) 
winged (45) 
beetle 

-browed (49) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
stock (48) 
stone (48) 
before 

hand (52) 
time (52) 
behind 

hand (52) 
time (52) 
bell 

-faced (49) 
hanger (48) 
hanging (n.) (48) 
house (48) 


bell—continued 
man (48) 
mouth (v.) (52) 
mouthed (p.) (45) 
mouthing (p.) (45) 
-shaped (49) 
wether (48) 
belly 

ache (48) 
band (48) 
pinch (48) 
pinched (45) 
benchman (48) 
berry cone (43a) 
berry (also functions as 
suffix) 

huckleberry (48) 
bi (prefix) 
facial (58) 

-iliac (58c) 
bibble-babble (446) 
big 

eye (fish) (48) 

-eyed (49) 

-gaited (49) 
horn (sheep) (48) 
-horned (49) 

-wigged (49) 
bill 

beetle (48) 
board (48) 
bug (48) 
fish (48) 
head (48) 
man (48) 
poster (48) 
sticker (48) 
billethead (48) 
bird 

cage (48) 
caff (48) 
catcher (48) 
catching (n.) (48) 
-eyed (49) 
lime (48) 
man (48) 
seed (48) 

-witted (49) 
woman (48) 

bird (also functions as suf¬ 
fix) 

kingbird (48) 
birds 

beak (48a) 
eye (48a) 
mouth (48a) 
nest (n., v.) (48a, 52) 
nested (p.) (45) 
nesting (p.) (45) 
birth 

day (48) 
land (48) 
mark (48) 
night (48) 
place (48) 
rate (48) 
right (48) 
stone (48) 


bismuto (combining form) 
plagionite (58a) 
bitstock (48) 
bitter 

-ender (446) 

-enderism (45) 
head (48) 
nut (48) 
black 

-and-tan (u.m.) (51) 
back (bird) (48) 
-backed (49) 
ball (n., v.) (48, 52) 
balled (p.) (45) 
balling (p.) (45) 
band (48) 
belly (fish) (48) 
-bellied (49) 
bird (48) 
board (48) 
breast (bird) (48) 
-breasted (49) 

-browed (49) 
cap (48) 
cock (48) 

-eyed (49) 

-faced (49) 
fellow (48) 

-figured (49) 
fin (48) 
fish (48) 
fisher (48) 
fishing (n.) (48) 
guard (48) 
head (bird) (48) 
-headed (49) 
heart (fruit) (48) 
-hearted (49) 
jack (48) 
lead (v.) (52) 
leaded (p.) (45) 
leading (p.) (45) 
leg (48) 

-letter (u.m.) (51) 
list (n., v.) (48, 52) 
listed (p.) (45) 
listing (p.) (45) 
mail (n., v.) (48, 52) 
mailed (p.) (45) 
mailer (45) 
mailing (p.) (45) 
mark (v.) (52) 
marked (p.) (45) 
marker (45) 
marking (p.) (45) 
meat (48) 
mouth (48) 
mouthed (45) 
poll (48) 
pot (48) 
salter (48) 

-shirted (49) 
size (v.) (52) 
sized (p.) (45) 
sizing (p.) (45) 
smith (48) 
smithing (n.) (45) 
strap (48) 


black—continued 
tail (fish) (48) 

-tailed (49) 
tongue (48) 
wash (n., v.) (48, 52) 
washed (p.) (45) 
washing (p.) (45) 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
bladder 
fish (48) 
nose (48) 
blade 

bone (48) 
fish (48) 

blameworthy (49) 
blanc-mange (Fr.) 
blastplate (48) 
blear 

eye (disease) (48) 
-eyed (49) 

-eyedness (45) 
blendwater (48) 
blightbird (48) 
blind 

fish (48) 

fold (n., v.) (48, 52) 
folded (p.) (45) 
folder (45) 
folding (p.) (45) 
-loaded (49) 
pig (48) 
pigger (45) 
pigging (n.) (45) 
stitch (v.) (52) 
stitched (p.) (45) 
stitching (p.) (45) 
story (48) 
worm (48) 
blink-eyed (49) 
block 

head (48) 
headed (45) 
headedness (45) 
house (48) 
like (49) 
ship (48) 

^signal (43a) 
blood 

bird (48) 

-curdling (49) 
drop (48) 
guilty (49) 
guiltiness (45) 
guiltless (45) 
hound (48) 
let (v.) (52) 
letter (45) 
letting (p.) (45) 
#poison (43a) 
^poisoning (43a) 
ripe (49) 
shed (48) 
shedder (45) 
shedding (n.) (45) 
-shot (49) 
stain (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


blood—continued 
stick (48) 
stone (48) 
thirst (48) 
thirstiness (45) 
thirsty (45) 
-vascular (u.m.) (51) 
warm (49) 
wood (48) 
worm (48) 
bloody-minded (49) 
blow 

back (48) 
cock (48) 
fish (48) 
fly (48) 
gun (48) 
hold (48) 
line (48) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 
pipe (48) 
torch (48) 
tube (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
blue 

back (48) 
beard (48) 

-bellied (49) 
bill (48) 
bird (48) 

-black (50) 
-blackness (45) 
bonnet (48) 
book (48) 
breast (48) 
cap (48) 
coat (48) 

-eye (bird) (44a) 
-eyed (49) 
fin (48) 
fish (48) 
gill (48) 

-green (50) 
hot (49) 
jack (48) 
jacket (48) 

#laws 

—pencil (v.) (44 d) 
-penciled (p.) (45) 
-penciling (p.) (45) 
print (48) 

^ribbon 

-ribboner (44d) 

—ribbonist (44 d) 
stocking (n.) (48) 
stone (48) 
throat (48) 
tongue (48) 
wing (bird) (48) 
-winged (49) 
bluff 

-bowed (49) 

-headed (49) 
bluish-green (u.m.) (51) 
blunder 
buss (48) 
head (48) 


169 


board (sometimes func¬ 
tions as suffix) 
cardboard (48) 
boarfish (48) 
boat 

bill (bird) (48) 
hook (48) 
house (48) 
load (48) 
man (48) 
swain (48) 
tail (48) 
woman (48) 
wright (48) 

boat (also functions as 
* suffix) 
lifeboat (48) 
bobbinwork (48) 
bob 

cat (48) 
fly (48) 
sled (48) 
sleigh (48) 
stay (48) 
tail (48) 
tailed (45) 
weight (48) 
white (48) 
bodyguard (48) 
bog 

#iron (43a) 
land (48) 
sucker (48) 
trot (v.) (52) 
trotted (p.) (45) 
trotter (45) 
trotting (p.) (45) 
wood (48) 
boilersmith (48) 
bold 

face (type) (48) 

-faced (49) 
boll 

weevil (48) 
worm (48) 
bolt 

#end (43a) 
head (matrass) (48) 
rope (48) 
strake (48) 
bomb 

proof (49) 
shell (48) 
bond 

folk (48) 
holder (48) 
maid (48) 
man (48) 
slave (48) 
stone (48) 
woman (48) 
bonds 

man (48) 
woman (48) 
bone 

dog (48) 

-dry (446) 
fish (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


170 


bone—continued 
#lace (43a) 
set (n., v.) (48, 52) 
setter (45) 
setting (p.) (45) 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
bonnyclabber (48) 
book 

binder (48) 
bindery (48) 
binding (n.) (48) 
case (48) 
craft (48) 
fold (48) 
folder (45) 
holder (48) 
keeper (48) 
keeping (n.) (48) 
-learned (49) 
lore (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
mark (48) 
marker (45) 
monger (48) 
plate (48) 
rack (48) 
seller (48) 
selling (n.) (48) 
shelf (48) 
shop (48) 
stack (48) 
stall (48) 
stand (48) 
store (48) 
ward (58) 

• wise (58) 

#work (43a) 
worm (48) 
wright (48) 

book (also functions as 
suffix) 

textbook (48) 
boom 

boat (48) 
brace (48) 

-ended (49) 

-iron (446) 
boot 

black (48) 
hose (48) 
jack (48) 
last (48) 
laster (45) 
leg (v.) (52) 
legged (p.) (45) 
legger (45) 
legging (p.) (45) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 

-top (446) 

-topping (n.) (446) 
-tree (446) 
borderland (48) 


borough 

holder (48) 
master (48) 
monger (48) 
mongering (n.) (45) 
mongery (45) 
bott 

hammer (48) 
stick (48) 
bottle 
#glass (43a) 
head (48) 
holder (48) 
nose (fish) (48) 

-nosed (49) 
boughpot (48) 
bow 

#arm (43a) 
back (48) 
backed (45) 

-bent (49) 
fin (48) 
grace (48) 
head (48) 
knot (48) 
leg (48) 
legged (45) 
line (48) 
man (48) 
pin (48) 
shot (48) 
sprit (48) 
staff (48) 

string (n., v.) (48, 52) 
stringed (p.) (45) 
stringing (p.) (45) 

box 

fish (48) 
haul (v.) (52) 
hauled (p.) (45) 
hauling (p.) (45) 

#head (43a) 
keeper (48) 

#kite (43a) 
wood (48) 
boy king (43a) 
boy (also functions as 
suffix) 

ploughboy (48) 
brain 

fag (48) 

#fever (43a) 
pan (48) 
sick (49) 
sickly (45) 
sickness (45) 
stone (48) 
brakeman (48) 
brandnew (49) 
brantail (48) 
brass 

-smith (44a) 

-visaged (49) 
brazen 
-browed (49) 

-faced (49) 

-facedly (45) 
wood (48) 


bread 

#crumb (43a) 
fruit (48) 
meal (48) 
nut (48) 
root (48) 
stuff (48) 
winner (48) 
winning (n.) (48) 
break 

-away (n.) (46) 
ax (48) 

-back (n.) (46) 
circuit (48) 
-down (n.) (46) 
fast (48) 

-in (n.) (46) 
iron (48) 
line (48) 
neck (49) 

-off (n.) (46) 
promise (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
water (48) 
breast 

band (48) 
beam (48) 
bone (48) 
fast (48) 
height (48) 

-high (446) 
hook (48) 
mark (48) 
pin (48) 
plate (48) 
rail (48) 
roll (48) 
rope (48) 
summer (48) 
wheel (48) 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
breech 

block (48) 
cloth (48) 
clout (48) 
loader (48) 
-loading (49) 
piece (48) 
brewhouse (48) 
bric-a-brac (46) 
brick 

bat (48) 
field (48) 
fielder (45) 
kiln (48) 
layer (48) 
laying (n.) (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
-nogged (49) 
setter (48) 
wise (58) 
work (48) 
yard (48) 
bride 
-ale (446) 
groom (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


171 


brides 

maid (48) 
maiding (n.) (45) 
man (48) 
bridge 

board (48) 
head (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
pot (48) 

#rail (43a) 
tree (48) 
ward (58) 
bridle 

path (48) 
way (48) 
wise (58) 
briefman (48) 
brierwood (48) 
brimstone (48) 
bristletail (48) 
broad 
ax (48) 
bill (48) 

-bottomed (49) 
brim (48) 
brimmed (45) 
cast (v.) (52) 
caster (45) 
casting (p.) (45) 
cloth (48) 

-faced (49) 

-headed (49) 

-horned (49) 

-leafed (49) 

-leaved (49) 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
piece (48) 
share (48) 
sheet (48) 
side (48) 

-spoken (49) 

-spread (49) 
-spreading (49) 
sword (48) 
tail (48) 
throat (48) 

bromo (combining form) 
benzine (58 a) 

-iodism (58c) 
brookside (48) 
broom 

corn (48) 

^handle (43a) 
stick (48) 
brother 

hood (58) 

-in-law (46) 
brow 

beat (v.) (52) 
beaten (p.) (45) 
beater (45) 
beating (p.) (45) 
post (48) 
brown 

back (48) 

174205°—33-8 


brown—continued 
stone (48) 
ware (48) 
brush 

man (48) 
tail (a.) (49) 
-tongued (49) 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
buck 

board (48) 
eye (nut) (48) 
-eyed (49) 
horn (48) 
hound (48) 
jump (v.) (52) 
jumped (p.) (45) 
jumper (45) 
jumping (p.) (45) 
plate (48) 
saw (48) 
shot (48) 
skin (48) 
stall (48) 
stay (48) 
tail (48) 
tooth (48) 
wagon (48) 
wash (v.) (52) 
washed (p.) (45) 
washer (45) 
washing (p.) (45) 
bufferhead (48) 
bufflehead (48) 
bug 

-a-boo (46) 
bear (48) 
buhrstone (48) 
built-up (u.m.) (51) 
bulb 

-angle (446) 
tee (48) 
bulkhead (48) 
bull 

comber (48) 
dog (48) 

-faced (49) 
feast (48) 
fight (48) 
fighter (45) 
fighting (n.) (45) 
finch (48) 
fly (48) 
frog (48) 
head (fish) (48) 
-headed (49) 
roarer (48) 
bullennail (48) 
bullet 

-headed (49) 
proof (49) 

#shell (43a) 
bulletin board (43a) 
bulls 

eye (48a) 
foot (48a) 
nose (angle) (48a) 


bumble 
bee (48) 
foot (48) 
bumboat (48) 
bunghole (48) 
bunt 

line (48) 
whip (48) 
burghmaster (48) 
burr 

knot (48) 
stone (48) 
bush 

beater (48) 
fighter (48) 
fighting (n.) (48) 
hammer (48) 
harrow (n., v.) (48, 52) 
harrowed (p.) (45) 
harrowing (p.) (45) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
ranger (48) 

-tailed (49) 
whack (v.) (52) 
whacked (p.) (45) 
whacker (45) 
whacking (45) 
woman (48) 
bushel 

man (48) 
woman (48) 
businesslike (49) 
busybody (48) 
butt 

joint (v.) (52) 
jointed (p.) (45) 
jointing (p.) (45) 
stock (48) 
strap (48) 

weld (n. ; v.) (48, 52) 
welded (p.) (45) 
welding (p.) (45) 
woman (48) 
butter 

ball (48) 
bill (48) 
bird (48) 
fingered (45) 
fingers (48) 
fish (48) 
fly (48) 
man (48) 
milk (48) 
scotch (48) 

#stamp (43a) 
tooth (48) 
toothed (45) 
woman (48) 
worker (48) 
butthorn (48) 
button 

hole (n., v.) (48,52) 
holed (p.) (45) 
holer (48) 
holing (p.) (45) 
hook (48) 
mold (48) 


172 


buzzwig (48) 
by (prefix) 
gone (58) 
law (58) 
path (58) 
play (58) 
road (58) 
stander (58) 
time (58) 
way (58) 
word (58) 
work (58) 
bye-bye (446) 


man (48) 
urn (48) 
cabinmate (48) 
cabinet 

maker (48) 
making (48) 
work (48) 
cable 
-laid (49) 
way (48) 
cake 

walk (48) 
walker (45) 

calcaneo (combining form) 
-astragalar (58c) 
calcareo (combining form) 
bituminous (58a) 
calfskin (48) 
calicoback (48) 
camwood (48) 
camel’s-hair (446) 
cameraman (48) 
camp 

master (48) 
ward (58) 
candle 
ball (48) 
bomb (48) 
fish (48) 
holder (48) 
light (48) 
lighter (45) 
lighting (n.) (45) 
pin (48) 
power (48) 
shrift (48) 
stick (48) 
waster (48) 
wasting (n.) (48) 
wick (48) 
canebrake (48) 
canker 

eat (v.) (52) 
eaten (p.) (45) 
eating (p.) (45) 
fret (n., v.) (48, 52) 
fretted (p.) (45) 
fretting (p.) (45) 
worm (48) 
cannot (52) 
canvasback (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


cap 

sheaf (48) 
shore (48) 
stone (48) 
car 

goose (48) 
load (48) 
lock (48) 
man (48) 

-mile (47) 

carbo (combining form) 
hydrate (58a) 
card 

board (48) 
case (48) 
care 

taker (48) 
taking (n.) (48) 
-worn (49) 
carnal 

-minded (49) 
-mindedly (45) 
-mindedness (45) 
carpet 
bag (48) 
bagger (45) 
bagging (n.) (45) 
way (48) 
carriageway (48) 
carry-all (n.) (46) 
carry-over (n.) (46) 
cart 

load (48) 
man (48) 
way (48) 
whip (v.) (52) 
whipped (p.) (45) 
whipping (p.) (45) 
wright (48) 
carvel-built (49) 
case 

bay (48) 
bearer (48) 
harden (v.) (52) 
hardened (p.) (45) 
hardening (p.) (45) 
mate (48) 
mated (45) 
worm (48) 
cashbook (48) 
cast 

-away (n., a.) (46, 45) 
-iron (u. m.) (51) 
-off (n.) (46) 
weld (v.) (52) 
welded (p.) (45) 
welding (p.) (45) 
castle 

builder (48) 
building (n.) (48) 
#guard (43a) 
cat 

beam (48) 
bird (48) 
boat (48) 
call (48) 

-eyed (49) 


cat—continued 
fall (48) 
fish (48) 

-footed (49) 
gut (48) 

-hammed (49) 
harping (48) 
head (n., v.) (48, 52) 
headed (p.) (45) 
heading (p.) (45) 
hold (48) 
hood (58) 

-o-nine-tails (46) 
piece (48) 
pipe (48) 
rig (48) 
rigged (45) 
skin (48) 
step (48) 
stick (48) 

-witted (49) 
catch 

penny (n., a.) (48, 45) 
plate (48) 
pole (48) 
water (48) 
weight (48) 
word (48) 
work (48) 
cater 

-cornered (49) 
pillar (48) 
waul (48) 
cattleman (48) 
cause 

way (n., v.) (48, 52) 
wayed (p.) (45) 
waying (p.) (45) 
cavalryman (48) 
cedarware (48) 
cellarway (48) 
center 
bit (48) 
board (48) 
fire (a.) (49) 
piece (48) 

-second (a.) (446) 
centro (combining form) 
plasm (58a) 

cerebro (combining form) 
spinal (58a) 
cerecloth (48) 
cess 

pipe (48) 
pit (48) 
pool (48) 
chain 

#gang (43a) 
man (48) 
smith (48) 
work (48) 
chair 

maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
woman (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


173 


chalk 

cutter (48) 
plate (48) 
stone (48) 
chambermaid (48) 
chance-medley (446) 
chap 

book (48) 
fallen (a.) (49) 
fallenly (45) 
chapelmaster (48) 
char-4-bancs (Fr.) 

coal (n., v.) (48, 52) 
coaled (p.) (45) 
coaling (p.) (45) 
woman (48) 
work (48) 
chasse 

-caf6 (Fr.) 
pot (Fr.) 
check 

bird (48) 
hook (48) 
man (48) 
mate (48) 

-off (n.) (46) 
rein (48) 
roll (48) 
row (48) 
rowed (45) 
rower (48) 
strap (48) 
string (48) 
weigher (48) 
weighman (48) 
work (48) 
checker 

board (48) 
wise (58) 
work (48) 
cheese 

cake (48) 
cloth (48) 
monger (48) 
wood (48) 
chef-d’oeuvre (Fr.) 
chess 

board (48) 
man (48) 
tree (48) 
chestworm (48) 
chevaux-de-frise (Fr.) 
chicken 

-breasted (49) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
chief 

^justice (55) 
-justiceship (55) 
child 

bearing (n.) (48) 
bed (48) 
birth (48) 
crowing (n.) (48) 
hood (58) 


child—continued 
like (49) 

-ridden (49) 

Chinaman (48) 
chinaware (48) 
chock 

-a-block (446) 
full (49) 

chocolate-brown (50) 
choir 

master (48) 
wise (58) 

bore (n., v.) (48, 52) 
bored (p.) (45) 
boring (p.) (45) 
strap (48) 
chop 

house (48) 
stick (48) 
chow-chow (446) 
Christmastime (48) 
chromo (combining form) 
sphere (58a) 

chrono (combining form) 
graph (58 a) 
chuck 

-a-luck (46) 
farthing (48) 
chuckle 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
church 
-ale (446) 

#bench (43a) 
goer (48) 
going (n.) (48) 
like (49) 
man (48) 
manlike (45) 
ward (58) 
woman (48) 
yard (48) 
cigarmaker (48) 
cinema-microscopy (446) 
circum (prefix) 
navigate (58) 
cirro (combining form) 
cumulus (n.) (58a) 
stomatous (a.) (58a) 
cis (prefix) 

-Atlantic (58c) 
oceanic (58) 
city 

-commonwealth (44 d) 
-state (44d) 
clam 

bake (48) 
cracker (48) 
shell (48) 
clansman (48) 
clap 

board (n., v.) (48, 52) 
boarded (p.) (45) 
boarding (p.) (45) 
match (48) 
net (48) 
trap (48) 


class 

fellow (48) 
man (48) 
mate (48) 
room (48) 
clawhammer (48) 
claybank (48) 
clean 

-bred (49) 

-cut (49) 

-fingered (49) 

-handed (49) 
-handedness (45) 
-limbed (49) 

-lived (49) 
cleft 

-footed (49) 
graft (v.) (52) 
grafted (p.) (45) 
grafting (p.) (45) 
clergy 

man (48) 
woman (48) 
clerk-ale (446) 
cliffsman (48) 
clinch-built (49) 
cling 

fish (48) 

stone (n., a.) (48, 45) 
clink 

-clank (446) 
stone (48) 
clinker-built (49) 
clip 

fish (48) 

-loading (49) 
clipper-built (49) 
clish-clash (446) 
cloakroom (48) 
clock 

bird (48) 
face (48) 
wise (58) 
work (48) 
worked (45) 
clod 

hopper (48) 
hopping (n.) (48) 
pate (48) 
pated (45) 
close 

-fisted (49) 
herd (v.) (52) 
herded (p.) (45) 
herding (p.) (45) 
closed-coil (u.m.) (51) 
clothes 

horse (48) 
line (48) 
pin (48) 
press (48) 
cloth-bound (49) 
cloud 
-built (49) 
burst (n.) (48) 
-capped (49) 
compeller (48) 


174 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


cloud—continued 
land (48) 

-ring (446) 
cloven 
-footed (49) 

-hoofed (49) 
clover 

sick (49) 
sickness (45) 
club 

foot (48) 
footed (45) 
hand (48) 
handed (45) 
haul (v.) (52) 
hauled (p.) (45) 
hauling (p.) (45) 
house (48) 
link (48) 
man (48) 
room (48) 

-shaped (49) 
co (prefix) 

operate (58) 
coach 

fellow (48) 
man (48) 
smith (48) 
whip (48) 
wood (48) 
wright (48) 
coal 

-black (50) 
fish (48) 
goose (48) 
hole (48) 
mouse (48) 
pit (48) 
coarse 

-grained (49) 
-grainedness (45) 
coast 

line (48) 
lining (n.) (45) 
man (48) 
ward (58) 
wise (58) 
cobblestone (48) 
cobbler’s-awl (bird) (446) 
cob 

head (48) 
loaf (48) 
nut (48) 

web (n., v.) (48, 52) 
webbed (p.) (45) 
webbing (p.) (45) 
webby (45) 
work (48) 
cock 

-a-doodle-doo (46) 
ahoop (49) 
bill (v.) (52) 
billed (p.) (45) 
billing (p.) (45) 
boat (48) 
chafer (48) 
crow (48) 


cock—continued 
crowing (n.) (45) 
eye (48) 
eyed (45) 
fight (48) 
fighting (n.) (45) 
head (48) 
horse (48) 
loft (48) 
master (48) 
match (48) 
-of-the-plains (46) 
pit (48) 
roach (48) 
sparrow (48) 
sparrowish (45) 
spur (48) 
stride (48) 
sure (49) 
sureness (45) 
tail (drink) (48) 
-tailed (49) 
throwing (n.) (48) 
-up (n.) (46) 
cockleshell (48) 
cocks 

comb (48a) 
combed (45) 

cod 

fish (48) 
fishery (45) 
fishing (n.) (45) 
pitchings (48) 
worm (48) 
codshead (48a) 
coffee 

house (48) 
pot (48) 
room (48) 
coffer 

dam (48) 
work (48) 
cog 

wheel (48) 
wood (48) 
col (prefix) 
lateral (58) 
cold 

-blooded (49) 
-bloodedly (45) 

- bloodedness (45) 
-drawing (n.) (446) 
-drawn 149) 
frame (48) 
hammer (v.) (52) 
hammered (p.) (45) 
hammering (p.) (45) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
roll (v.) (52) 
rolled (p.) (45) 
rolling (p.) (45) 
-short (446) 
-shortness (45) 

-shot (49) 

-shut (49; 


cole 

seed (48) 
slaw (48) 
color 

blind (49) 
man (48) 
com (prefix) 
press (58) 

comedy-ballet (44d) 
commander in chief (55) 
companion way (43a) 
compass-headed (49) 
comb 

broach (48) 
brush (48) 

-shaped (49) 
come 

-back (n.) (46) 

#by (obtain) (57) 
-down (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 
common 

place (n., a.) (48, 45) 
#sense (43a) 
weal (48) 
wealth (48) 
con (prefix) 
note (58) 

concavo (combining form) 
concave (58a) 
cone 

-in-cone (46) 

-nose (446) 
pate (48) 

Congress 
man (48) 
woman (48) 
contra (prefix) 

—arithmetical (58c) 
—indicated (58c) 
position (58) 

convexo (combining form) 
concave (58a) 
plane (58a) 
cook 

book (48) 
house (48) 
maid (48) 
room (48) 
shop (48) 
stove (48) 
cool 

-headed (49) 
-headedness (45) 
house (48) 
copestone (48) 
copper 

-bottomed (49) 

-faced (49) 

-fastened (49) 
head (snake) (48) 
-headed (49) 

-nosed (49) 
plate (48) 
plated (45) 
smith (48) 
ware (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


175 


copper—continued 
wing (48) 
worm (48) 
copy 

^editor (43a) 
hold (estate) (48) 
holder (48) 
holding (n.) (48) 
right (48) 
rightable (45) 
righter (45) 
cor (prefix) 
respond (58) 
coral 

rag (48) 

-red (50) 
cordwood (48) 
corded-up (a.) (446) 
cork 

screw (n., v.) (48, 52) 
screwed (p.) (45) 
screwing (p.) (45) 
wing (48) 
wood (48) 
corn 

cob (48) 
crib (48) 
cutter (48) 
cutting (n.) (48) 
dodger (48) 
field (48) 
land (48) 
loft (48) 
starch (48) 
stone (48) 
corner 

stone (48) 
wise (58) 

cornet-&-pistons (Fr.) 
costal-nerved (49) 
costermonger (48) 
cotton 

mouth (48) 
seed (48) 
tail (48) 
wood (48) 
council 

man (48) 
woman (48) 
countwheel (48) 
counter (prefix) 
act (v.) (58) 
acted (p.) (45) 
acting (p.) (45) 
case (58) 
counting 

#house (43a) 

#room (43a) 

country 

#dance (43a) 
man (48) 
seat (48) 
side (48) 
woman (48) 
coupe-gorge (Fr.) 
coupstick (48) 


court 

baron (48) 

-bred (49) 
craft (48) 
house (48) 
like (49) 

martial (n., v.) (48, 
52) 

martialed (p.) (45) 
martialing (p.) (45) 
plaster (48) 
ship (58) 
yard (48) 
cover 

let (58) 
lid (48) 
side (48) 
cow 

bell (48) 
bird (48) 
boy (48) 
catcher (48) 
fish (48) 
girl (48) 

-hearted (49) 
heel (48) 
herd (48) 
hide (48) 
hitch (48) 

-hocked (49) 
lick (48) 
like (49) 
man (48) 
pilot (48) 
pox (48) 

cox 

comb (48) 
swain (48) 
crab 

catcher (48) 

-faced (49) 
hole (48) 
stick (48) 
stone (48) 
wise (58) 
wood (48) 
yaws (48) 
crabs 

claw (48a) 
eye (48a) 

crack 

brain (48) 
brained (45) 
jaw (a.) (49) 
-the-whip (46) 
crackle ware (48) 
cradleland (48) 
craft (suffix) 
aircraft (58) 
craftsman (48) 
cragsman (48) 
cramfull (49) 
craneman (48) 
craw 

-craw (446) 
fish (48) 


cream 

cake (48) 

-colored (49) 

-slice (446) 
creephole (48) 
crest-fallen (49) 
crewelwork (48) 
crib 

bite (v.) (52) 
biter (45) 
biting (p.) (45) 
bitten (p.) (45) 
work (48) 
criss 

cross (n., v.) (48, 52) 
crossed (p.) (45) 
crossing (p.) (45) 
crook 

back (48) 
backed (45) 
bill (48) 
crop 

-ear (446) 

-eared (45) 
full (49) 

cropplecrown (48) 
cross 

-armed (49) 
band (48) 
banded (45) 
bar (48) 
barred (45) 
beak (48) 
beam (48) 
beamed (45) 
bearer (48) 

-bedded (49) 
belt (48) 
bench (48) 
benched (45) 
benchedness (45) 
bencher (45) 
bias (n.. v.) (48, 52) 
biased (p.) (45) 
biasing (p.) (45) 
bill (48) 
bind (v.) (52) 
binding (p.) (45) 
bound (p.) (45) 
bolt (48) 

bond (n., v.) (48, 52) 
bonded (p.) (45) 
bonding (p.) (45) 
bones (48) 
bow (48) 
bowman (48) 
bred (p.) (45) 
breed (n., v.) (48, 52) 
breeding (p.) (45) 
bun (48) 

-country (446) 

-curve (446) 
cut (n., v.) (48, 52) 
cutter (45) 
cutting (p.) (45) 
-examination (446) 
-examine (446) 


176 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


cross—continued 
-eye (446) 

-eyed (45) 
fed (p.) (45) 
feed (n., v.) (48, 52) 
feeding (p.) (45) 
-fertilize (v.) (446) 
-fertilized (p.) (45) 
-fertilizing (p.) (45) 
filing (n.) (48) 
fish (48) 
flow (v.) (52) 
flowed (p.) (45) 
flowing (p.) (45) 
fox (48) 
garnet (48) 

-grained (49) 
-grainedness (45) 
hackle (v.) (52) 
hackled (p.) (45) 
hackling (p.) (45) 
-handled (49) 
hatch (v.) (52) 
hatched (p.) (45) 
hatcher (45) 
hatching (n., p.) (45) 
haul (n.) (48) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 

#hilt (43a) 

-hilted (49) 
-interrogate (446) 
-interrogation (45) 
-interrogatory (45) 
jack (48) 

-laminated (49) 
-legged (49) 
-leggedness (45) 
light (48) 
lighted (45) 
line (v.) (52) 
lined (p.) (45) 
lining (p.) (45) 
locking (n.) (48) 
mate (v.) (52) 
mated (p.) (45) 
mating (p.) (45) 
-over (n.) (46) 
pawl (48) 
peen (48) 
piece (48) 
plow (v.) (52) 
plowed (p.) (45) 
plowing (p.) (45) 
-pollenize (v.) (446) 
-pollenized (p.) (45) 
-pollenizing (p.) (4.5) 
-pollinate (v.) (446) 
-pollinated (p.) (45) 
-pollinating (p.) (45) 
-pollination (45) 
-purpose (446) 
-question (446) 
reading (n.) (48) 
refer (v.) (52) 
referred (p.) (45) 
referring (p.) (45) 
road (48) 


cross—continued 
ruff (48) 

-spale (44a) 

-stitch (v.) (44a) 
-stitched (p.) (45) 
-stitching (p.) (45) 
-stone (44a) 

-stratified (44a) 
-stratification (44a) 
tail (48) 
tie (48) 
tied (45) 
tining (n.) (48) 
tree (48) 
walk (48) 
way (48) 
wise (58) 

-word (u.m.) (51) 
crow 

bar (48) 
foot (48) 
footed (45) 
quill (48) 
step (48) 
stepped (45) 
crows 

bill (48a) 
foot (48a) 
crown 

#land (43a) 
piece (48) 
post (48) 
work (48) 
crust 

hunt (v.) (52) 
hunted (p.) (45) 
hunter (45) 
hunting (p.) (45) 
crypto (combining form) 
branch (58a) 

C-tube (44c) 
cubbv 

hole (48) 
house (48) 
yew (48) 

cubo (combining form) 
biquadratic (58a) 
cul 

-de-four (Fr.) 
-de-lampe (Fr.) 

-de-sac (Fr.) 
culver 
tail (48) 
tailed (45) 

cumulo (combining form) 
cirrus (58a) 
nimbus (58a) 
stratus (58a) 

cup 

bearer (48) 
board (48) 

-headed (49) 
marker (48) 
stone (48) 
curb 

sending (n.) (48) 
signaling (n.) (48) 
stone (48) 


cure-all (n.) (446) 
curly 

head (48) 
headed (45) 
pate (48) 
pated (45) 
currycomb (48) 
custom 

house (48) 

-made (49) 
cut 

away (n., a.) (48, 45) 
-in (n.) (46) 
lips (48) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 
throat (48) 

-under (a.) (446) 

-up (n.) (46) 
water (48) 
work (48) 
worm (48) 
cyclecar (48) 
cyclo (combining form) 
graph (58a) 

Czecho (combining form) 
Slovak (58a) 
slovakian (45) 

dairy 

maid (48) 
man (48) 
woman (48) 
damselfly (48) 
dapple 
-bay (50) 

-gray (50) 
dare 

-aff (n.) (446) 
devil (n.) (48) 
deviltry (45) 
dash 

board (48) 
plate (48) 
pot (48) 
wheel (48) 

daughter-in-law (46) 
day 

book (48) 
break (48) 
coal (48) 
dream (48) 
dreamer (45) 
fly (48) 
house (48) 

#labor (43a) 
light (48) 
lighted (45) 
long (49) 
man (48) 
mare (48) 
spring (48) 

#star (43a) 
time (48) 
work (48) 
de (prefix) 

energize (58) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


177 


dead 

-alive (446) 

-alivism (45) 
beat (a.) (49) 

-born (49) 
bright (49) 
color (n., v.) (48, 52) 
colored (p.) (45) 
coloring (p.) (45) 
-dip (v.) (52) 

-dipped (p.) (45) 
-dipping (p.) (45) 
-drunk (446) 
-drunkenness (45) 
eye (48) 
eved (45) 
fall (48) 

head (n., v.) (48, 52) 
headed (p.) (45) 
heading (p.) (45) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
heat (n., v.) (48, 52) 
heated (p.) (45) 
heater (45) 
heating (p.) (45) 
house (48) 
latch (48) 
light (48) 
lock (48) 
melt (v.) (52) 
melted (p.) (45) 
melting (p.) (45) 
-roasted (49) 
stroke (49) 
wood (48) 
deaf 

dumb (49) 
dumbness (45) 
mute (48) 
muteness (45) 
mutism (45) 
dear 

born (n.) (48) 
-bought (49) 
death 

bed (48) 
blow (48) 
day (48) 
like (49) 

-struck (49) 
watch (48) 
death’s-head (446) 
deckle-edged (49) 
deck-piercing (49) 
decoyman (48) 
deep 

-browed (49) 

-dyed (49) 

-grown (49) 

-laid (49) 

-mouthed (49) 

-piled (49) 

-rooted (49) 
-rootedness (45) 
-seated (49) 


deep—continued 
-set (49) 

-waisted (49) 
deer 

herd (48) 
horn (48) 
hound (48) 
neck (48) 
skin (48) 
stalker (48) 
stalking (n.) (48) 
demi (prefix) 
relief (58) 

-tasse (Fr.) 

dendro (combining form) 
chemical (58a) 
dentate 

-ciliate (a.) (446) 
-crenate (a.) (446) 
-serrate (a). (446) 
-sinuate (a.) (446) 
deskman (48) 
dessert-spoonful (44 d) 
deutero (combining form) 
canonical (58a) 
devil 

-devil (446) 
diver (48) 
fish (48) 
dew 

claw (48) 
fall (48) 
lap (48) 
lapped (45) 
rot (v.) (52) 
rotted (p.) (45) 
rotting (p.) (45) 
dia (prefix) 
graph (58) 
diamond 

back (n., a.) (48, 45) 
backed (45) 
point (48) 

-shaped (49) 
dice 

box (48) 

#coal (43a) 
die 

-away (a.) (446) 

-hard (n.) (46) 
sinker (48) 
sinking (n.) (48) 
square (49) 
stock (48) 
dim 

-sighted (49) 
-sightedness (45) 
diner-out (n.) (46) 
ding-dong (446) 
dingle 

bird (48) 
dangle (48) 
dining room (43a) 
diphead (48) 


direct 

-acting (49) 

-action (u.m.) (51) 
-connected (49) 
-coupled (49) 
dirt-cheap (446) 
dis (prefix) 
agree (58) 
dish 

cloth (48) 

-faced (49) 
washer (48) 
water (48) 
ditty 

bag (48) 
box (48) 
do 

-all (n.) (446) 

-naught (446) 

-nothing (n.) (446) 
-nothingism (45) 
-nothingness (45) 
dockyard (48) 
doe 

bird (48) 
skin (48) 
dog 

bolt (n., v.) (48, 52) 
bolted (p.) (45) 
bolting (p.) (45) 
cart (48) 

-cheap (446) 

-day (u.m.) (51) 

#days (43a) 

-ear (n., v.) (446) 
-eared (p.) (45) 

-earing (p.) (45) 

-faced (49) 
fish (48) 

-headed (49) 
hole (48) 

-legged (49) 
shore (48) 
skin (48) 
sleep (48) 
stone (48) 
tail (48) 
tie (48) 

tooth (n., v.) (48, 52) 
toothed (p.) (45) 
toothing (p.) (45) 
trot (48) 
vane (48) 
watch (48) 
weary (49) 
dollarfish (48) 
doombook (48) 
doomsday (48) 
door 

bell (48) 
brand (48) 
case (48) 
check (48) 
frame (48) 
keeper (48) 
keeping (n.) (48) 


178 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


door—continued 
knob (48) 
mat (48) 
nail (48) 
plate (48) 
post (48) 
sill (48) 
step (48) 
stone (48) 
stop (48) 
way (48) 
yard (48) 
dopebook (48) 
dos-a-dos (Fr.) 
double 

ganger (48) 

-leaded (49) 
tree (48) 

-up (u.m.) (51) 
dough 

boy (48) 
face (48) 
faced (45) 
faceism (45) 
nut (48) 
dove 

ftcolor (43a) 

-colored (49) 
cot (48) 

-eyed (49) 
house (48) 
like (49) 

tail (n., v.) (48, 52) 
tailed (p.) (45) 
tailer (45) 
tailing (p.) (45) 
down 

-cast (49) 

-castly (45) 
-castness (45) 
come (n.) (48) 
comer (45) 
fall (48) 
fallen (45) 
falling (45) 
flow (48) 
haul (48) 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
hill (a.) (49) 
most (52) 
pour (48) 
right (49) 
rightly (45) 
rightness (45) 
rush (48) 

-set (49) 
shoot (48) 
side (48) 
sitting (n.) (48) 
stairs (49) 
stream (49) 
take (48) 
throw (48) 
thrown (45) 
-trodden (49) 


down—continued 
ward (58) 
way (48) 
weigh (v.) (52) 
weighed (p.) (45) 
weighing (p.) (45) 
draftboard (48) 
draftsman (48) 
drag 

bar (48) 
bolt (48) 
hound (48) 
man (48) 
net (48) 
rope (48) 
saw (48) 
staff (48) 
dragonfly (48) 
dragonsmouth (48a) 
drain 

pipe (48) 
tile (48) 
drakestone (48) 
dram 

seller (48) 
shop (48) 
draughtsman (48) 
draw 

arch (48) 
arm (48) 
back (48) 
bar (48) 
beam (48) 
bench (48) 
bolt (48) 

bore (n., v.) (48, 52) 
bored (p.) (45) 
boring (p.) (45) 
boy (48) 
bridge (48) 
cut (48) 
dock (48) 

-down (n.) (46) 
file (v.) (52) 
filed (p.) (45) 
filing (p.) (45) 
gate (48) 
gear (48) 
head (48) 
horse (48) 
knot (48) 
link (48) 
loom (48) 
net (48) 
plate (48) 
rod (48) 
sheet (48) 
spring (48) 
stop (48) 
tongs (48) 
tube (48) 

-water (446) 

-well (446) 
drawing room (43a) 
drayman (48) 
dread 

naught (48) 
nought (warship) (48) 


dream 

land (48) 
world (48) 
dress 

maker (48) 
makership (45) 
making (n.) (48) 
drift 

bolt (48) 
piece (48) 
pin (48) 
way (48) 
wind (48) 
wood (48) 
drill 

master (48) 
stock (48) 
drip 

stick (48) 
stone (48) 
drive 

boat (48) 
bolt (48) 
cap (48) 
head (48) 
pipe (48) 
screw (48) 
way (48) 
drop 

forge (v.) (52) 
forged (p.) (45) 
forging (p.) (45) 
head (48) 
kick (48) 
kicker (45) 
light (48) 

-out (n.) (46) 
worm (48) 

drop (also functions as 
suffix) 

raindrop (48) 
drum 

beat (48) 
fire (48) 
fish (48) 
head (48) 
stick (48) 

dry 

-as-dust (u.m.) (51) 
-boned (49) 
bones (48) 
clean (v.) (52) 
cleaned (p.) (45) 
cleaning (p.) (45) 
cleanse (v.) (52) 
cleansed (p.) (45) 
cleansing (p.) (45) 
cure (v.) (52) 
cured (p.) (45) 
curing (p.) (45) 
dock (n., v.) (48, 52) 
docked (p.) (45) 
docking (p.) (45) 
-eyed (49) 
grind (v.) (52) 
grinder (45) 
grinding (p.) (45) 
ground (p.) (45) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


179 


dry—continued 
nurse (v.) (52) 
nursed (p.) (45) 
nursing (p.) (45) 
-paved (49) 
paving (n.) (48) 
rot (v.) (52) 
rotted (p.) (45) 
rotting (p.) (45) 
rub (v.) (52) 
rubbed (p.) (45) 
rubbing (p.) (45) 
salt (v.) (52) 
salted (p.) (45) 
salting (p.) (45) 
-shod (49) 
stone (49) 
dub-a-dub (46) 
duck 

bill (mammal) (48) 
-billed (49) 

#board (43<z) 

-footed (49) 

-legged (49) 
pin (48) 
wing (48) 

bill (n., a.) (48a, 45) 
foot (48a) 
duebill (48) 
dug 

-out (n.) (46) 
way (48) 
dull 

-brained (49) 

-browed (49) 

-eyed (49) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 

-witted (49) 
dumb 

bell (n., v.) (48, 52) 
belled (p.) (45) 
beller (45) 
belling (p.) (45) 
waiter (48) 

dumdum (n., a.) (48, 45) 
dunder 

head (48) 
headed (45) 
dung 

fork (48) 
heap (48) 
hill (48) 
hilly (45) 
dust 

bin (48) 
brush (48) 
man (48) 
pan (48) 
plate (48) 
dye 

house (48) 
stone (48) 
stuff (48) 
ware (48) 
wood (48) 


dynamo (combining form) 
-electric (58c) 
-electrical (45) 


eagle 

-eyed (49) 

-sighted (49) 
stone (48) 

-winged (49) 
ear 

ache (48) 
cap (48) 
cockle (48) 
drop (48) 
drum (48) 
lap (48) 

-leaved (49) 
lock (48) 

mark (n., v.) (48, 52) 
marked (p.) (45) 
marking (p.) (45) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
pick (48) 
piece (48) 
piercer (48) 
ring (48) 
screw (48) 
shot (48) 

-splitting (49) 
tab (48) 
wax (48) 

wig (n., v.) (48, 52) 
wigged (p.) (45) 
wigginess (45) 
wigging (p.) (45) 
wiggy (45) 
witness (48) 
earth 

bag (48) 
bank (48) 
board (48) 

-born (49) 

-bound (49) 

-bred (49) 
drake (48) 
fall (48) 
fast (49) 
light (48) 
quake (48) 
wolf (48) 
work (48) 
worm (48) 
earthenware (48) 
earthly 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
wise (58) 

Eastertide (48) 
east 

-bound (49) 

-northeast (47) 
-southeast (47) 

#wind (43a) 

-windy (44c0 
easy-going (49) 


eaves 

drip (48) 
drop (v.) (52) 
dropped (p.) (45) 
dropper (45) 
dropping (p.) (45) 
edge 

-shot (49) 
stone (48) 
wise (58) 
eel 

-back (u.m.) (51) 
buck (48) 
mother (48) 
pot (48) 
pout (48) 
skin (48) 
spear (48) 
worm (48) 
egg 

-bound (49) 
eater (48) 
nog (48) 

-shaped (49) 
shell (48) 
eight 

fold (58) 
score (48) 
square (49) 
elbow 

board (48) 
room (48) 
elder 

hood (58) 
man (48) 
woman (48) 

electro (combining form 
biology (58a) 
-engrave (v.) (58c) 
-engraved (p.) (45) 
-engraving (p.) (45) 
-etch (v.) (58c) 
-etched (p.) (45) 
-etching (p.) (45) 
eleuthero (combining 
form) 

dactyl (58a) 
elf 

hood (58) 
land (48) 
lock (48) 
elfenfolk (48) 
elliptic-lanceolate (445) 
else 

where (52) 
whither (52) 
em (prefix) 
power (58) 
embryo 

#buds (43a) 
logic (49) 
plastic (49) 

emeto (combining form) 
cathartic (58a) 
en (prefix) 

ennoble (58) 


180 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


end 

-all (n.) (446) 
grain (49, 52) 
less (58) 
long (49) 
most (49) 

-organ (446) 

-stopped (49) 
wise (58) 
engine 

man (48) 

-sized (49) 

-turned (49) 

-turner (446) 

-turning (446) 

-type (u.m.) (51) 
entranceway (48) 
entry 

man (48) 
way (48) 

ere 

long (adv.) (52) 
now (adv) (52) 
while (adv.) (52) 
erstwhile (52) 
even 

fall (48) 

-handed (49) 

-minded (49) 
song (48) 
ever 

-blooming (49) 

-during (49) 
glade (48) 
green (48) 

lasting (n., a.) (48, 45^ 
lastingly (45) 
lastingness (45) 
-living (49) 
more (52) 
every 

body (pron.) (52) 
day" (49) 
one (pron.) (52) 
thing (pron.) (52) 
when (52) 
whence (52) 
where (52) 
whither (52) 
evil 

doer (48) 

-eyed (49) 

-favored (49) 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
-starred (49) 
ewe-necked (49) 
ex (prefix) 

communicate (58) 
-governor (586) 
-official (586) 

#officio (L.) 

-officio (u.m.) (51) 
-trader (586) 
exciseman (48) 
extra (prefix) 

-alimentary (58c) 
provincial (58) 


ball (48) 
bar (48) 
beam (48) 
bolt (48) 

-bridled (49) 
brow (48) 
cup (48) 
flap (48) 
glance (48) 
glass (48) 
hole (48) 
lash (48) 
lens (48) 
less (58) 
lid (48) 
mark (48) 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
piece (48) 
pit (48) 
point (48) 
reach (48) 
servant (48) 
server (48) 
service (48) 
shot (48) 
sight (48) 
sore (48) 
splice (48) 
spot (48) 
spotted (45) 
stalk (48) 
stone (48) 
strain (48) 
string (48) 
tooth (48) 
wash (48) 
water (48) 
witness (48) 

face 

-ache (446) 

-arbor (446) 
-bedded (49) 
harden (v.) (52) 
hardened (p.) (45) 
hardening (p.) (45) 
plate (48) 
wise (58) 
work (48) 
fag-end (446) 
faint 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
-run (446) 
fair 

-faced (49) 
ground (48) 
-haired (49) 
lead (48) 
leader (45) 
leading (45) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
-natured (49) 
-spoken (49) 


fair—continued 
way (48) 

-weather (u.m.) (51) 
fairy 

hood (58) 
land (48) 
like (49) 

faithworthy (49) 
falcon 

-beaked (49) 
bill (48) 
fall 

-back (n.) (46) 
fish (48) 
trap (48) 
way (48) 
false 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
hood (58) 
work (48) 
fan 

-crested (49) 
dangle (48) 
fare (48) 
fish (48) 
foot (48) 
light (48) 

-nerved (49) 
tail (48) 
tailed (45) 
tan (48) 

-veined (49) 
work (48) 
fancy 

free (49) 
loose (49) 
work (48) 
far 

-away (446) 
-awayness (45) 
-fetched (49) 

-gone (49) 

-off (446) 

-reaching (49) 

-seeing (49) 
sight (48) 
sighted (45) 
sightedly (45) 
sightedness (45) 
fardel-bound (49) 
farewell (n., a.) (48, 45) 
farm 

hold (48) 
house (48) 
stead (48) 
steading (n.) (45) 
yard (48) 
fashion 

monger (48) 
mongering (48) 
fasthold (48) 
fat 

back (48) 
bird (48) 

-brained (49) 

-faced (49) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


181 


fat—continued 
head (48) 

-witted (49) 
father 
-in-law (46) 
land (48) 
fault 

finder (48) 
finding (n.) (48) 
fawn-colored (49) 
fearnaught (n., a.) (48, 45) 
feather 

bone (48) 
brain (48) 
brained (45) 
edge (48) 
edged (45) 

-footed (49) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 

-heeled (49) 
man (48) 

-pated (49) 
stitch (n., v.) (48, 52) 
stitched (p.) (45) 
stitching (p.) (45) 
tongue (v.) (52) 
tongued (p.) (45) 
tonguing (p.) (45) 
-veined (49) 
weight (48) 

-weighted (45) 
wing (48) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
feeble 

-minded (49) 

-mindedly (45) 
-mindedness (45) 
feed 

-back (n.) (46) 
stuff (48) 
fellow 

#citizen (43a) 
craft (48) 

^creature (43a) 

^feeling (43a) 
less (58) 
like (49) 
ship (58) 

fellow (also functions as 
suffix) 

bedfellow (48) 
playfellow (48) 

felt 

maker (48) 
work (48) 
fer 

-de-fourcette (Fr.) 
-de-lance (Fr.) 
-de-moline (Fr.) 
fern 

bird (48) 
leaf (48) 

ferro (combining form) 
-alloy (58c) 
magnesian (58a) 
manganese (58a) 


ferry 

boat (48) 
flat (48) 
house (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
woman (48) 
fetterlock (48) 
fevertrap (48) 
fiber-faced (49) 
fibrous-rooted (49) 
fiddle 

back (49) 

-shaped (49) 
stick (48) 

^string (43a) 
field 

cornet (48) 
fare (48) 
piece (48) 
work (48) 
fighting-cock (445) 
figure 

-four (u.m.) (51) 
head (48) 
headless (45) 
headship (45) 
-of-eight (46) 
fig worm (48) 
file 

fish (48) 
hard (49) 
fin 

back (48) 
fish (48) 
foot (48) 
footed (45) 

#keel (43a) 
scale (48) 

-spined (49) 
fine 

-ax (446) 
bore (48) 
draw (v.) (52) 
drawing (p.) (45) 
drawn (p.) (45) 
-handed (49) 

-spun (49) 
still (n., v.) (48, 52) 
stilled (p.) (45) 
stiller (45) 
stilling (p.) (45) 
finger 

breadth (48) 

#nail (43a) 
print (48) 
fire 

arm (48) 
back (fowl) (48) 
ball (48) 
bird (48) 
board (48) 
bolt (48) 
brand (48) 
brat (48) 
break (48) 
coat (48) 
cracker (48) 


fire—continued 
crest (48) 
dog (48) 

-eyed (49) 
fang (v.) (52) 
fanged (p.) (45) 
fanging (p.) (45) 
fish (48) 
flirt (48) 
fly (48) 
guard (48) 
hot (49) 
hunt (48) 
light (48) 
lock (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
new (49) 
place (48) 
proof (49) 
proofed (45) 
proofing (n.) (45) 
room (48) 
side (48) 
stone (48) 
tail (48) 
tailed (45) 
warden (48) 
wood (48) 
worm (48) 
first 

-born (446) 

-class (446) 

-hand (446) 

-rate (446) 

-rater (45) 
fish 

back (48) 

-bellied (49) 
bolt (48) 
bone (48) 

—culturish (44 d) 

-eyed (49) 
garth (48) 
hook (48) 

-joint (n., v.) (446) 
-jointed (p.) (45) 
-jointing (p.) (45) 
man (48) 
meal (48) 
monger (48) 
mouth (48) 
plate (48) 
skin (48) 
tail (48) 
way (48) 
weir (48) 
wife (48) 
woman (48) 
worm (48) 

fish (also functions as 
suffix) 

goldfish (48) 

five 

fold (58) 

-leaved (49) 

-lived (49) 

-nine (47) 


182 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


five—continued 
-or-nine (46) 
pence (48) 
penny (48) 
score (48) 
shooter (48) 
some (49) 

-twenty (47) 
flag 

man (48) 
pole (48) 
root (48) 
ship (48) 
staff (48) 
stone (48) 
worm (48) 
flame-colored (49) 
flannelmouth (48) 
flap 

dragon (48) 

-eared (49) 
jack (48) 

-back (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 
flash 

board (48) 
light (48) 
lighted (45) 
pan (48) 

flat 

boat (48) 

bottom (boat) (48) 
-bottomed (49) 
-compounded (49) 
fish (48) 

-footed (49) 
-footedly (45) 
-footedness (45) 
-headed (49) 
iron (48) 
land (48) 
man (48) 

-minded (49) 

-nosed (49) 
ware (48) 
wise (58) 
woods (48) 
worm (48) 

flax 

bush (48) 

-polled (49) 
seed (48) 
star (48) 

flea 

#bite (43a) 

-bitten (49) 
fleet 

#captain (43a) 
-footed (49) 
flesh 

-colored (49) 
hook (48) 
pot (48) 

fleur-de-lis (Fr.) 
flightshot (n.) (48) 


Aim 

flam (48) 

Hammer (45) 
flint 

-hearted (49) 
lock (48) 
ware (48) 
wood (48) 
flip 

flap (52) 
flop (52) 
float 

board (48) 
feed (48) 
man (48) 
stone (48) 
flock 

man (48) 
master (48) 
wise (58) 
flood 

cock (48) 
gate (48) 
mark (48) 
floor 

cloth (48) 
head (48) 
walker (48) 
wise (58) 
flower 

#cup (43a) 
pot (48) 
fluework (48) 
fluid-compressed (49) 
flukeworm (48) 
flute 

douce (48) 
like (49) 
mouth (48) 
work (48) 

fiuvio (combining form) 
glacial (58a) 

fly 

away (49) 
back (49) 
bane (48) 

-bitten (49) 
blow (n., v.) (48, 52) 
blowing (p.) (45) 
blown (p.) (45) 
boat (48) 
boy (48) 

-by-night (46) 
catcher (48) 
catching (n.) (48) 
eater (48) 
fish (v.) (52) 
fished (p.) (45) 
fisher (45) 
fishing (p.) (45) 
fisherman (48) 
flap (48) 
flapper (45) 
leaf (48) 
man (48) 
speck (48) 
tail (48) 


fly—continued 
trap (48) 

-up-the-creek (46) 
wheel (48) 

fly (also functions as suf¬ 
fix) 

butterfly (48) 
foambow (48) 
fog 

bow (48) 
dog (48) 
eater (48) 
horn (48) 
fold (suffix) 

twentyfold (58) 
folk 

free (52) 
lore (48) 
follow 

-my-leader (46) 

-on (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 
foodstuff (48) 
fool 

fish (48) 
hardihood (45) 
hardiness (45) 
hardy (49) 
proof (49) 
ship (58) 
foolscap (48a) 
fool’s paradise (43a) 
foot 

-and-mouth (u.m.) (51) 
ball (48) 
bailer (45) 
ballist (45) 
board (48) 
boy (48) 
breadth (48) 
bridge (48) 
cloth (48) 
drop (48) 
fall (48) 
fight (48) 
gear (48) 
halt (48) 
hill (48) 
hold (48) 
length (48) 
lights (48) 
lining (n.) (48) 
lock (48) 
loose (49) 
man (48) 
manship (48, 58) 
mark (48) 
note (48) 
pace (48) 
pad (48) 
path (48) 
pick (48) 
plate (48) 

-pound (47) 
-pound-second (47) 
print (48) 

#race (43a) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


183 


foot—continued 
rill (48) 
rope (48) 
scald (n.) (48) 
-second (47) 
sore (49) 
stalk (48) 
stall (48) 
step (48) 
stick (48) 
stock (48) 
stone (48) 
stool (48) 
wall (48) 
way (48) 
wear (48) 
work (48) 
worm (48) 
worn (49) 
for 

#as much as (57) 
bear (v.) (52) 
bearing (p.) (45) 
bid (v.) (52) 
bidden (p.) (45) 
bidding (p.) (45) 
borne (p.) (45) 
ever (52) 
sooth (52) 
spend (v.) (52) 
spending (p.) (45) 
spent (p.) (45) 
swear (v.) (52) 
swearing (p.) (45) 
sworn (p.) (45) 
fore 

-adapt (58c) 
-announce (58 c) 
-answer (58c) 
bay (58) 
bemoan (58) 
bespeak (58) 
bless (58) 
body (58) 
cabin (58) 
caddie (58) 
cast (v.) (58) 
casting (p.) (45) 
castle (58) 
close (v.) (58) 
closed (p.) (45) 
closing (p.) (45) 
closure (45) 
companion (58) 
conclude (58) 
doom (58) 

#edge 

#end 

father (58) 
gather (v.) (58) 
gathered (p.) (45) 
gathering (p.) (45) 
go (v.) (58) 
going (p.) (45) 
gone (p.) (45) 
gut (58) 


fore—continued 
#part 
#pillow 
#plane 
#quarter 
sheet (58) 
sight (58) 
stage (58) 
stall (v.) (58) 
stalled (p.) (45) 
stalling (p.) (45) 
thought (58) 
top (58) 

topgallant (58, 48) 
topmast (58, 48) 
topsail (58, 48) 
waters (58) 
warn (v.) (58) 
warned (p.) (45) 
warning (p.) (45) 
fork 

beard (48) 
head (48) 
tail (48) 
tailed (45) 

formaldehydesulphoxylic 

(54) 

forth 

come (v.) (52) 
coming (p.) (45) 
go (v.) (52) 
going (p.) (45) 
right (48) 
with (52) 
fortune 

#hunting (43a) 

#telling (43a) 
foul 

-mouthed (49) 

-spoken (49) 
fountainhead (48) 
four 

ball (48) 
cant (48) 

-centered (49) 

-color (u.m.) (51) 
-colored (49) 

-cornered (49) 
cycle (48) 
-dimensional (446) 
-eyed (49) 

-eyes (fish) (446) 
flush (v.) (52) 
flushed (p.) (45) 
flusher (45) 
flushing (45) 
fold (58) 

-footed (49) 

-hand (44 d) 

-handed (49) 

-horned (49) 

-horsed (49) 

-in-hand (n., a.) (46,45) 
-legged (49) 

-masted (49) 

-oared (49) 


four—continued 
pence (48) 
penny (48) 

-post (u.m.) (51) 
-posted (49) 

-poster (44 d) 
pounder (48) 
score (48) 
some (49) 
square (49) 
squared (45) 
strand (48) 
stranded (45) 
way (49) 

-wheel (n.) (446) 
-wheeled (49) 
-wheeler (45) 
fourth-dimensional (446) 
fox 

fish (48) 

-furred (49) 
hound (48) 
hunt (n., v.) (48, 52) 
hunted (p.) (45) 
hunting (p.) (45) 
like (49) 
ship (58) 
tail (48) 
tailed (45) 
wood (48) 

fracto (combining form) 
cumulus (58a) 
nimbus (58a) 
stratus (58a) 
frame 

-up (n.) (46) 
work (48) 
frank 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
incense (48) 
incensed (45) 
free 

board (48) 
boot (v.) (52) 
booted (p.) (45) 
booting (p.) (45) 
booter (45) 

-born (49) 

-for-all (46) 
hand (drawing) (49) 
-handed (liberal) (49) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
hold (48) 
holder (45) 
holding (n.) (45) 
lance (48) 

-living (49) 

-loving (49) 
man (48) 
martin (48) 
mason (48) 
masonic (45) 
masonry (45) 


184 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


free—continued 
-milling (49) 

-minded (49) 
quarter (48) 
quarterer (45) 

-soil (44d) 

-soiler (45) 

-spoken (49) 
stone (48) 

-tailed (49) 
thinker (48) 
thinking (n.) (48) 
-tongued (49) 

-trade (u. m.) (51) 
-trading (n.) (44d) 
-versifier (44 d) 
wheel (n., v.) (48, 52) 
wheeled (p.) (45) 
wheeler (45) 
wheeling (p.) (45) 
#will (43a) 

-will (u.m.) (51) 
-willed (49) 
freed 

man (48) 
woman (48) 
fresh 

man (48) 

-water (u.m.) (51) 
fretwork (48) 
friction-tight (u.m.) (51) 
friendship (58) 
frillback (48) 
frog 

fish (48) 
hopper (48) 
leaf (48) 
mouth (48) 
frontiersman (48) 
frost 

bird (48) 
bite (48) 
bow (48) 
fish (48) 

-itch (446) 
nail (v.) (52) 
nailed (p.) (45) 
nailing (p.) (45) 
work (48) 
frou-frou (Fr.) 
fruitstalk (48) 
fugleman (48) 
full 

-face (u.m.) (51) 

-faced (49) 

-fashioned (49) 

-mouth (n.) (44d) 
fundholder (48) 
funnel-shaped (49) 
furrow-faced (49) 

gad 

-about (n.) (46) 
bee (48) 
fly (48) 
wall (48) 


gain 

say (v.) (52) 
sayer (45) 
saying (p.) (45) 

gall 

fly (48) 
nut (48) 
stone (48) 
wind (48) 
galley 

bird (48) 
man (48) 

#proof (43a) 

#slave (43a) 

-west (446) 
worm (48) 

galvano (combining form) 
caustic (58a) 
game 

ball (48) 
cast (48) 
cock (48) 
keeper (48) 
gang 

board (48) 
master (48) 
plant (48) 
tide (48) 
way (48) 
gap-toothed (49) 
gar 


bill (48) 
board (48) 
fish (48) 
garefowl (48) 
gas 

-fired (49) 
light (48) 
lighting (n.) (45) 
lighter (45) 
man (48) 

#meter (43a) 

-tight (446) 

gastro (combining form) 
hepatic (58a) 
-intestinal (58c) 
gatchwork (48) 
gate 

house (48) 
keeper (48) 
man (48) 
post (48) 
ward (48) 
way (48) 
wise (58) 
gavelkind (48) 
gazehound (48) 
gelatino (combining form) 
bromide (58a) 
chloride (58a) 
gems 


bok (48) 
horn (48) 
gentle 

folk (48) 
-hearted (49) 
man (48) 
woman (48) 


gerrymander (48) 
get 

-at-able (44 d) 

-away (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 
giddy-headed (49) 
gilt 

-edge (u.m.) (51) 
-edged (49) 
head (fish) (48) 
gim 

crack (48) 
crackery (45) 
gimlet-eyed (49) 
ginger 

bread (48) 
nut (48) 
snap (48) 
gin 

house (48) 
shop (48) 
girl-like (446) 
girtline (48) 
give 

-and-take (n.) (44d) 
-away (n.) (46) 
glass 

-glazed (49) 
house (48) 
maker (48) 
man (48) 

#paper (43a) 

-paper (v.) (44d!) 
-papered (p.) (45) 
-papering (p.) (45) 
-rope (44 d) 
ware (48) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
worm (48) 

glauco (combining form) 
meter (58a) 
glee 

maiden (48) 
woman (48) 
glia-cell (446) 
globe 

fish (48) 

-trotter (446) 

-trotting (446) 
globo (combining form) 
cumulus (58a) 
glow 

fly (48) 
lamp (48) 
worm (48) 
gluepot (48) 
go 

-as-you-please (u.m.) 

(51) 

bar (48) 

-between (n.) (46) 

-by (n.) (46) 
cart (48) 

-devil (446) 

-getter (446) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


185 


goat 

bush (48) 
fish (48) 
herd (48) 
skin (48) 
stone (48) 
sucker (48) 
goat’s 

-hair (446) 

-head (446) 
goatsthorn (48a) 
god 

child (48) 
daughter (48) 
father (48) 
head (48) 
like (49) 
mother (48) 
parent (48) 
send (48) 
son (48) 
wit (48) 

God 

-fearing (49) 

-man (Christ) (44 d) 
speed (48) 
ward (58) 
goggle 
-eye (44a) 

-eyed (45) 
gold 

beater (48) 
beating (n.) (48) 
#brick (43a) 
bug (48) 
crest (48) 

-filled (49) 
finch (48) 
finny (48) 
fish (48) 
hammer (48) 

-laced (49) 
smith (48) 
smithery (48, 58) 
stone (48) 
tit (48) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
golden 

-banded (49) 

-crested (49) 
—crowned (49) 

-eye (fowl) (446) 
-eyed (49) 

-mouthed (49) 
wing (bird) (48) 
-winged (49) 
good 

-bye (446) 

#fellow (43a) 
-fellowhood (44d, 58) 
-fellowship (44d) 
-humored (49) 
-humoredly (45) 
-looking (49) 
-natured (49) 
-naturedly (45) 


good—continued 
-tempered (49) 

#will (kindness) 
will (asset) (48) 
goody-goody (446) 
goose 

beak (48) 
fish (48) 
herd (48) 
house (48) 
neck (48) 
necked (45) 

-rumped (49) 
wing (48) 
winged (45) 
gospel-true (44 d) 
grab 

-all (n.) (446) 
hook (48) 

graft-hybridism (44d) 
grain 
-cut (49) 
field (48) 
gram (suffix) 

cablegram (58) 
grand 

aunt (48) 
child (48) 
daughter (48) 
dad (48) 
daddy (48) 
father (48) 
fatherly (45) 
ma (48) 
mamma (48) 
mother (48) 
motherly (45) 
nephew (48) 
niece (48) 
pa (48) 
papa (48) 
parent (48) 
sire (48) 
son (48) 
uncle (48) 
grape 

fruit (48) 
shot (48) 
stone (48) 

grapho (combining form) 
motor (58a) 
grass 

chat (48) 
cutter (48) 

-green (50) 

-grown (49) 
hopper (48) 
land (48) 
plot (48) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
grave 

clothes (48) 
digger (48) 
stone (48) 
yard (48) 
gravelstone (48) 


gray 

back (48) 
beard (48) 
coat (48) 
head (48) 
pate (48) 
stone (48) 
great 

-aunt (446) 

-bellied (49) 

-circle (u.m.) (51) 
coat (48) 

-grandchild (47) 
-granddaughter (47) 
-grandfather (47) 
-grandmother (47) 
-grandson (47) 

-hearted (49) 

-nephew (446) 

-niece (446) 

-uncle (446) 
green 

back (48) 
backer (45) 
bone (48) 

-eyed (49) 
finch (48) 
fish (48) 
gage (48) 
gill (48) 
grocer (48) 
grocery (45) 
head (48) 
horn (48) 
house (48) 
room (48) 

-salted (49) 
sand (48) 
shank (48) 
stick (48) 
stone (48) 
sward (48) 
wing (fowl) (48) 
-winged (49) 
wood (48) 
griddlecake (48) 
gridiron (48) 
grillroom (48) 
grindstone (48) 
grip 

man (48) 
sack (48) 
gristmill (48) 
groomsman (48) 
grottowork (48) 
ground 

mass (48) 
ward (58) 
work (48) 

grown-up (n., a.) (46, 45) 
grub 

stake (48) 
worm (48) 
guard 

house (48) 
room (48) 
guardsman (48) 


186 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


guesswork (48) 
guest-rope (446) 
guide 

board (48) 
book (48) 
post (48) 
way (48) 
guildhall (48) 
gum 

boil (48) 
digger (48) 
digging (n.) (48) 
drop (48) 
-resinous (446) 
wood (48) 
gun 

boat (48) 
fire (48) 
flint (48) 
lock (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
paper (48) 
powder (48) 
powdery (45) 
shot (48) 

-shy (446) 
-shyness (45) 
smith (48) 
smithery (45) 
smithing (45) 
stock (48) 
wale (48) 
guttapercha (48) 
guttersnipe (48) 

hack 

barrow (48) 
man (48) 
hackneyman (48) 
hag 

fish (48) 
ride (v.) (52) 
ridden (p.) (45) 
ridding (p.) (45) 
ha-ha (446) 
hail 

stone (48) 
storm (48) 
hair 


45) 

brush (48) 
cloth (48) 
dresser (48) 
dressing (n.) (48) 
pin (48) 
splitter (48) 
splitting (n.) (48) 
spring (48) 
streak (48) 
worm (48) 
half 

-and-half (n., a.) (46, 
45) 

-baked (49) 


half—continued 
beak (fish) (48) 

-beam (446) 

-bent (49) 

-blooded (49) 

-boot (446) 

-bound (49) 

-bred (49) 

-breed (446) 

-caste (446) 

-cock (n., v.) (44 d) 
-cocked (p.) (45) 
-cocking (p.) (45) 

-deck (446) 

-decked (45) 

-decker (45) 

-face (446) 

-faced (45) 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
-hourly (446) 

-length (446) 

-lop (446) 

-mast (446) 

-moon (446) 

-pace (n., v.) (446) 
-paced (p.) (45) 

-pacing (p.) (45) 
penny (48) 
pennyworth (48, 58) 
-rater (446) 

-round (446) 

-shade (446) 

-sole (v.) (446) 

-soled (p.) (45) 

-solid (446) 

-soling (p.) (45) 

-staff (446) 

-strong (phonetics) (446) 
-terete (446) 

-timbered (49) 

-time (polo) (446) 
-timer (446) 

-tone (446) 

-turn (446) 

-volley (446) 

-way (446) 

-wit (446) 

-witted (45) 


boy (48) 
mark (v.) (52) 
marked (p.) (45) 
marking (p.) (45) 
moot (48) 
way (48) 
halter 

break (v.) (52) 
breaking (p.) (45) 
broken (p.) (45) 
ham 

shackle (v.) (52) 
shackled (p.) (45) 
shackling (p.) (45) 
string (48) 


hammer 
bird (48) 
cloth (48) 
hard (a.) (49) 
harden (v.) (52) 
hardened (p.) (45) 
hardening (p.) (45) 
head (fish) (48) 
-headed (49) 

-refined (49) 
stone (48) 
toe (48) 

-wrought (49) 
hand 

ball (48) 
barrow (48) 
bill (48) 
book (48) 
bow (48) 
breadth (48) 
cart (48) 
clap (48) 
clasp (48) 
cuff (48) 
fish (48) 
grip (48) 
gun (48 
#hoe(43a) 

-hoe (v.) (44d) 

-hoed (p.) (45) 

-hoer (45) 

-hoeing (p.) (45) 
hold (48) 
hole (48) 
kerchief (48) 

-laid (49) 

#line (43a) 

-line (v.) (44 d) 

-lined (p.) (45) 

-liner (45) 

-lining (p.) (45) 
-made (49) 
maid (48) 

-out (n.) (46) 
-pollinate (v.) (446) 
-pollinated (p.) (45) 
-pollinating (p.) (45) 
post (48) 
rail (48) 
railing (n.) (45) 
saw (48 
shake (48) 
shaking (n.) (45) 
some (49) 
somely (45) 
spike (48) 
spoke (48) 
spring (48) 
stroke (48) 

#tool (43a) 

-tooled (49) 

#tooling (43a) 
wheel (48) 

-worked (49) 
write (v.) (52) 
writing (p.) (45) 
written (p.) (45) 
-wrought (49) 


-world (446) 
bird (48) -yearly (446) 

breadth (n., a.) (48, hall 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


187 


handlebar (48) 
handybilly (48) 
hang 

bird (48) 
dog (48) 
fire (48) 
man (48) 
nail (48) 
nest (48) 
worm (48) 
worthy (49) 
hanger-on (n.) (46) 
haplo (combining form) 
bacteria (58a) 
happy-go-lucky (446) 
hard 

back (48) 
bake (48) 
beam (48) 

-bitted (49) 

-bitten (49) 

-boiled (49) 

-cured (49) 

-drawn (49) 

-favored (49) 
-favoredness (45) 
-featured (49) 
-featuredness (45) 
-fed (49) 

-fisted (49) 
-fistedness (45) 
-grained (49) 

-handed (49) 
-handedness (45) 
-headed (49) 
-headedness (45) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
-mouthed (49) 
pan (48) 

-set (49) 

-shell (a.) (446) 
-shelled (45) 
ship (58) 

-spun (49) 
tack (48) 
tail (48) 

-visaged (49) 
ware (48) 
wareman (48) 
wood (48) 
wooded (45) 
hare 

brain (48) 
brained (45) 
brainedly (45) 
brainedness (45) 
foot (48) 

-hearted (49) 
hound (48) 
lip (48) 
lipped (45) 
haresfoot (48a) 
harts 

horn (48a) 
tongue (48a) 

174205°—33-9 


harum-scarum (446) 
harvestman (48) 
hat 

band (48) 
box (48) 
pin (48) 
rack (48) 
rail (48) 
stand (48) 

-tree (446) 
hatch 

boat (48) 
way (48) 
haul 

-about (n.) (46) 
-back (n.) (46) 
haversack (48) 
hawk 

-billed (49) 

-eyed (49) 

-nosed (49) 
hawser-laid (49) 
hay 

bird (48) 
cock (48) 
field (48) 
fork (48) 
loft (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
mow (48) 
rack (48) 
rake (48) 
rick (48) 

-scented (49) 
seed (48) 
stack (48) 
head 

ache (48) 
achy (45) 
band (48) 
bander (45) 
bay (48) 
block (48) 
board (48) 
borough (48) 
cap (48) 
chair (48) 
cheese (48) 
chute (48) 
cloth (48) 
dress (48) 
drop (48) 
fish (48) 
frame (48) 
gear (48) 

-hunter (446) 
-hunting (45) 
land (48) 
ledge (48) 
light (48) 
line (48) 
long (49) 
man (48) 
mold (48) 
most (49) 
note (48) 


head—continued 
-on (446) 
phone (48) 
piece (48) 
plate (48) 
post (48) 
quarters (48) 
race (48) 
reach (48) 
rest (48) 
right (48) 
ring (48) 
room (48) 
rope (48) 
sail (48) 
shake (48) 
ship (48) 
sill (48) 
skin (48) 
string (48) 
stall (48) 
stick (48) 
stock (48) 
stone (48) 
strong (49) 
strongly (45) 
strongness (45) 
water (48) 
way (48) 
wear (48) 
word (48) 
work (48) 
headsman (48a) 
heal-all (n.) (446) 
hearsay (48) 
hearse 

cloth (48) 
like (49) 
heart 

ache (48) 
beat (48) 
bird (48) 
break (48) 
breaking (n.) (45) 
-broken (49) 
-brokenness (45) 
burn (48) 
burning (45) 
deep (49) 

-eating (49) 

-felt (49) 
free (49) 
heavy (49) 
heaviness (45) 
quake (48) 
-rending (49) 
-robbing (49) 
-shaped (49) 
sick (49) 
sickening (45) 
sickness (45) 
sore (49) 

-stirring (49) 
-stricken (49) 
string (48) 

-struck (49) 
-swelling (49) 


188 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


heart—continued 
water (48) 
whole (49) 
wholeness (45) 
-wounded (49) 
hearth 
rug (48) 
stone (48) 
heaven 
-directed (49) 
ward (58) 
heavy 

-armed (49) 

-gaited (49) 

-handed (49) 
-handedness (45) 
-laden (49) 
weight (48) 

hecto (combining form) 
liter (58a) 
hedge 

born (49) 
hog (48) 
pig (48) 
row (48) 
heel 

-and-toe (a.) (446) 
ball (48) 
path (48) 
piece (48) 
plate (48) 
post (48) 
ring (48) 
strap (48) 
tap (48) 
tool (48) 
tree (48) 
heigh-ho (446) 
heh 

bender (48) 

-born (49) 
box (48) 

-bred (49) 

-brewed (49) 
broth (48) 
cat (48) 
diver (48) 
dog (48) 
fire (48) 
hag (48) 

-haunted (49) 
hound (48) 
kite (48) 
helmetcrest (48) 
helmsman (48) 
help 

mate (48) 
meet (48) 
helter-skelter (446) 
hemp 

seed (48) 
string (48) 
hem 

stitch (v.) (52) 
stitched (p.) (45) 
stitching (p.)5) (4 


hen 

bill (48) 

-feathered (49) 
fish (48) 

-hearted (49) 
house (48) 
peck (v.) (52) 
pecked (p.) (45) 
pecking (p) (45) 
roost (48) 
hence 

forth (52) 
forward (52) 
henchman (48) 
hepato (combining form) 
cirrhosis (58a) 

-enteric (58c) 
herd 

book (48) 
boy (48) 
wick (48) 

herd (also functions as 
suffix) 

cowherd (48) 
herds 

man (48a) 
woman (48a) 
here 

about (52) 
after (52) 
at (52) 
by (52) 
from (52) 
in (52) 
into (52) 
of (52) 
on (52) 
to (52) 
under (52) 
unto (52) 
upon (52) 
with (52) 

heroi (combining form) 
comic (58a) 
herring 

bone (49) 

-kale (446) 

hetero (combining form) 
albumose (58a) 
-inoculation (58c) 
heyday (48) 
hidden-veined (49) 
hide 

bind (v.) (52) 
binding (p.) (45) 
bound (p.) (45) 
high 

ball (48) 
binder (48) 

-born (49) 
boy (48) 
brow (48) 
flyer (48) 
flying (n.) (48) 
land (48) 
lander (45) 

-minded (49) 


high—continued 
-mindedly (45) 
-mindedness (45) 
-reaching (49) 
road (48) 

-spirited (49) 
-spiritedness (45) 
way (48) 
wayman (48) 

High. (See Low.) 
hill 

bird (48) 
man (48) 
side (48) 
top (48) 
woman (48) 
hind 

most (49) 
sight (48) 
hip-shot (49) 
hit 

-and-miss (446) 
-or-miss (446) 
hoar 

frost (48) 
stone (48) 
hobbyhorse (48) 
hob 

goblin (48) 
nail (48) 
nailed (45) 
nob (v.) (52) 
nobbed (p.) (45) 
nobbing (p.) (45) 
hocus-pocus (446) 
hodge-podge (446) 
hoecake (48) 
hog 

back (fish) (48) 
-backed (49) 
chain (48) 
choker (48) 
fish (48) 
frame (48) 

-maned (49) 

-mouthed (49) 
nose (snake) (48) 
hogshead (48a) 
hoistway (48) 
hoity-toity (446) 
hold 

-all (n.) (446) 

-back (n.) (46) 

-fast (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 

hold (also functions as 
suffix) 

stronghold (48) 
holder 

-forth (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 

holder (also functions as 
suffix) 

penholder (48) 
hole (functions as suffix) 
keyhole (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


189 


hollow 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
-horned (49) 
holus-bolus (446) 
holy 

day (48) 
stone (48) 
home 
-born (49) 

-bound (49) 

-bred (49) 
brew (48) 
brewed (45) 
coming (n.) (48) 
-driven (49) 
keeper (48) 
keeping (n.) (48) 
land (48) 
life (48) 
like (49) 
likeness (45) 

-made (49) 
sick (49) 
sickness (45) 
spun (48) 
stead (48) 
steader (45) 
ward (58) 

homo mensura (L.) 
homo (combining form) 
genesis (58a) 
hone-stone (446) 
honey 

bee (48) 
comb (48) 
combing (n.) (45) 
dew (48) 
drop (48) 

-lipped (49) 
moon (48) 
-mouthed (49) 
pot (48) 
sweet (49) 

-tongued (49) 
hood 

cap (48) 
wink (v.) (52) 
winked (p.) (45) 
winking (p.) (45) 
hood (suffix) 

manhood (58) 
hoof 

-bound (49) 
print (48) 
rot (48) 
hook 

-billed (49) 

-nosed (49) 

-up (n.) (46) 
worm (48) 
hooky-crooky (446) 
hoop 

stick (48) 
wood (48) 


hop 

bine (48) 
scotch (48) 
yard (48) 
hopperburn (48) 
horn 

beak (48) 
beam (48) 
bill (48) 
blende (48) 
block (48) 
blower (48) 

-eyed (49) 
fish (48) 
pipe (48) 
stay (48) 
swoggle (48) 
tail (48) 
tip (48) 
work (48) 
worm (48) 
horny 

-handed (49) 
head (48) 

horror-stricken (49) 
horse 

back (48) 
fight (48) 
fish (48) 
flesh (48) 
fly (48) 

#guards (43a) 
-guardsman (44 d) 
hair (48) 
haired (45) 
head (fish) (48) 
herd (48) 
hide (48) 
laugh (48) 
laugher (45) 
laughter (48) 
leech (48) 
load (48) 
man (48) 
mansbip (48, 58) 
play (48) 
pond (48) 
power (48) 
pox (48) 

-racing (a.) (49) 
rake (48) 
shoe (48) 
shoer (45) 
tail (48) 
way (48) 
whip (48) 
whipper (45) 
woman (48) 
womanship (48, 58) 
horsepower-hour (47) 
hot 

bed (48) 

-blooded (49) 
brain (48) 
brained (45) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 


hot—continued 
hoof (52) 
house (48) 
press (48) 
presser (45) 

-roll (v.) (446) 

-rolled (p.) (45) 

-rolling (p.) (45) 
short (49) 
shortness (45) 

-spirited (49) 
spur (48) 

-tempered (49) 
houndfish (48) 
hourglass (48) 
house 

#boat (43a) 
bote (48) 

-bound (49) 
break (v.) (52) 
breaker (45) 
breaking (p.) (45) 
broken (p.) (45) 
builder (48) 
headship (48, 58) 
heating (48) 
hold (48) 
holder (45) 
holding (n.) (45) 
keep (v.) (52) 
keeper (45) 
keeping (p.) (45) 
kept (p.) (45) 
line (48) 
maid (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
mate (48) 
mating (n.) (45) 
mother (48) 

-ridden (49) 
room (48) 
smith (48) 
top (48) 

warming (n.) (48) 
wife (48) 
work (48) 
wright (48) 

house (also functions as 
suffix) 

greenhouse (48) 
how 

beit (52) 

-do-you-do (n.) (44 d) 
ever (52) 
soever (52) 
hubble-bubble (446) 
hugger-mugger (446) 
human 

hood (58) 
kind (48) 
hump 

back (48) 
backed (45) 
-shouldered (49) 
humpty-dumpty (446) 


190 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


hunch 

back (48) 
backed (45) 
hundred 
fold (58) 

-percenter (44d) 
-pounder (military) 
(44 d) 

weight (48) 
hunts 

man (48a) 
woman (48a) 
hurdy-gurdy (446) 
hurly-burly (446) 
hurricane-decked (49) 
husbandman (48) 
hydra-tainted (49) 
hydro (combining form) 
airplane (58a) 
electric (58a) 
hyper (prefix) 
acidity (58) 
-Calvinism (58c) 
hypo (prefix) 
blast (58) 

-ellipsoid (58c) 

ice 

berg (48) 
blink (48) 

-bound (49) 

-cold (446) 
craft (48) 
fall (48) 
fish (48) 

-free (446) 
land (48) 
man (48) 
quake (48) 
work (48) 

ideal-realism (n.) (44 d) 
ileo (combining form) 
colic (58a) 
-ileostomy (58c) 
ill 

-advised (49) 
-advisedly (45) 
-affected (49) 
-affectedness (45) 
-being (n.) (446) 
-favored (49) 
-favoredly (45) 
-humored (49) 
-humoredly (45) 
-mannered (49) 
-manneredly (45) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
-natured (49) 
-naturedly (45) 
-naturedness (45) 
-tempered (49) 
-temperedly (45) 
-temperedness (45) 
-timed (49) 

-treat (446) 

-treated (45) 

#will 


imp-pole (446) 
in 

-and-in (u.m.) (51) 
-and-out (u.m.) (51) 
-going (446) 

-law (n.) (446) 
law (v.) (52) 
lawed (p.) (45) 
lawing (p.) (45) 
in (prefix) 
ability (58) 
incense-breathing (49) 
inchworm (48) 
india-rubber (u.m.) (51) 
infra (prefix) 

-auricular (58c) 
-axillary (58c) 
-esophageal (58c) 
rqd (58) 
inglenook (48) 
ink 

fish (48) 
holder (48) 
horn (48) 
pot (48) 
stand (48) 
stone (48) 
well (48) 
wood (48) 
writer (48) 
inn 

holder (48) 
keeper (48) 
yard (48) 
inter (prefix) 
view (58) 

internal-combustion (u.m.) 
(51) 

intra (prefix) 

-abdominal (58c) 
ecclesiastical (58) 
#vires (L.) 
iron 

#age (43a) 
bark (48) 

-bound (49) 

-cased (49) 

#casing (43a) 

-clad (49) 

-fisted (49) 

-gray (50) 

-handed (49) 
hard (49) 

-headed (49) 

-hearted (49) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
mold (48) 
monger (48) 
mongering (45) 

-shod (49) 

-shot (49) 
sick (49) 
side (48) 
sided (45) 
smith (48) 
stone (48) 
ware (48) 


iron—continued 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
working (n.) (45) 
islesman (48a) 
ivory 

bill (bird) (48) 
-billed (49) 
type (48) 

-white (50) 
wood (48) 
ivy-leaved (49) 

jack 

ass (48) 
bird (48) 
daw (48) 
fish (48) 
fishing (n.) (45) 
head (48) 

-in-the-basket (46) 
-in-the-box (46) 
knife (48) 
light (48) 
-of-all-trades (46) 
-o’lantern (46) 
plane (48) 
saw (48) 
screw (48) 
shaft (48) 
snipe (48) 
stay (48) 
stone (48) 
straw (48) 

-tar (446) 
wood (48) 
yarder (48) 
jailbird (48) 
jarfly (48) 
jaw 

bone (48) 
breaker (48) 
fish (48) 
foot (48) 

-locked (49) 
jay 

hawk (48) 
hawker (45) 
walker (48) 
jellyfish (48) 
jerkinhead (48) 
jerry 

build (v.) (52) 
builder (45) 
building (p.) (45) 
built (p.) (45) 
jet-black (50) 
jew 

fish (48) 
stone (48) 
jewelhouse (48) 
jew’s-harp (446) 
jewstone (48) 
jib 

head (48) 
headed (45) 
-o-jib (46) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


191 


jig 

-jog (446) 
saw (v.) (52) 
sawed (p.) (45) 
sawing (p.) (45) 
jingle-jangle (446) 
job 

man (48) 

#work (43a) 

joggle work (masonry) (48) 
johnnycake (48) 
joint 

-awned (49) 

-bedded (49) 
worm (48) 
jolly boat (48) 
jolter 

head (48) 
headed (45) 
headedness (45) 
joulemeter (48) 
journey 
man (48) 

#work (43a) 
judge-made (49) 

jug 

fish (48) 
fishing (n.) (45) 
junkman (48) 
jury 

man (48) 

-rigged (49) 
woman (48) 
juxta (prefix) 

-ampullary (58a) 
position (58) 

keel 

bill (48) 
bird (48) 
fat (48) 
haul (v.) (52) 
hauled (p.) (45) 
hauling (p.) (45) 

-line (446) 
keep 

sake (48) 
worthy (49) 

keeper (functions as suf¬ 
fix) 

bookkeeper (48) 
kelp 

fish (48) 
ware (48) 
kettle 

drum (48) 
drummer (45) 
key 

board (48) 
hole (48) 
note (48) 
noter (45) 
seat (48) 
seater (45) 
stone (48) 
stop (48) 

-stringed (49) 
way (48) 


kick 

-back (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 
kid-gloved (49) 
kidney-shaped (49) 
kill 

deer (48) 
devil (48) 
joy (48) 
kiln 

eye (48) 
hole (48) 
rib (48) 
stick (48) 
tree (48) 
kilo (prefix) 
cycle (58) 
watt (58) 
watt-hour (47) 
kin (suffix) 

lambkin (58) 
kind 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
kind (also functions as 
suffix) 

mankind (58) 
kinemacolor (48) 
king 

bird (48) 
bolt (48) 
craft (48) 
fish (48) 

fisher (bird) (48) 
head (48) 

-of-arms (46) 
pin (48) 
post (48) 
wood (48) 
kins 

folk (48a) 
man (48a) 
people (48a) 
woman (48a) 
kipskin (48) 
kitchenmaid (48) 
kite 

-bar (446) 
flier (48) 
flying (n.) (48) 
kitten-hearted (49) 

Klans 

man (48a) 
woman (48a) 
klipfish (48) 
knap 

sack (48) 
sacked (45) 
sacking (n.) (45) 
knee 

-breeched (49) 
brush (48) 
cap (48) 

-deep (446) 

-halter (v.) (44 d) 
-haltered (p.) (45) 


knee—continued 
-haltering (p.) (45) 
-high (446) 
-jointed (49) 
pan (48) 
piece (48) 

-sprung (49) 
stone (48) 

-tied (49) 
knife 

-bayonet (446) 
board (48) 

-edge (44a) 

-edged (45) 
-plaited (49) 
smith (48) 
knight 

#errant (43a) 
-errantrv (44 d) 
fish (48) 
head (48) 
knitwork (48) 
knobstick (48) 
knock 

-about (n.) (46) 
-away (n.) (46) 
-down (n.) (46) 
-knee (446) 

-kneed (45) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 
stone (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
knot 

horn (48) 
work (48) 
know 

-all (n.) (44d) 
-nothing (n.) (44d) 
-nothingism (45) 
knuckle 
bone (48) 

-deep (446) 

-duster (446) 
-kneed (49) 
Ku-Klux Klan 

labor-saving (49) 
lac 

case (48) 
isumac (43a) 

#tree (43a) 
lace 

man (48) 
wing (insect) (48) 
-winged (49) 
woman (48) 
work (48) 

I o o\r 

-all (n.) (446) 
luster (48) 
lustrous (49) 
ladder 

-backed (49) 
way (48) 
lady 

bird (48) 
bug (48) 


192 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


lady—continued 
finger (48) 
fish (48) 
like (49) 
love (48) 
lake 

land (48) 
side (48) 
lamb 

kin (58) 
like (49) 

#pie (43a) 
skin (48) 
lamp 

black (48) 
fly (48) 
light (48) 
lighter (45) 

-lit (49) 
post (43a) 
lance 

-leaved (49) 
wood (48) 
land 

-bred (49) 
fall (48) 
flood (48) 
folk (48) 
grabber (48) 
grabbing (n.) (48) 
holder (48) 
holding (n.) (48) 
lady (48) 

-locked (49) 
lord (48) 
lubber (48) 
man (48) 
mark (48) 
owner (48) 
owning (n.) (48) 
-poor (446) 
scape (48) 
slide (48) 
slip (48) 
ward (58) 
wash (48) 
lantern-jawed (49) 
lap 

board (48) 
-butted (49) 
-jointed (49) 

-lap (446) 
stone (48) 
streak (48) 
streaked (45) 
streaker (45) 
weld (v.) (52) 
welded (p.) (45) 
welding (p.) (45) 
wing (48) 
work (48) 
large 

-acred (49) 

-eyed (49) 
-handed (49) 
-handedness (45) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 


large—continued 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
-mouthed (49) 
lark-colored (49) 
latch 

key (48) 
string (48) 
lathwork (48) 
latter 

-day (u.m.) (51) 
most (52) 
latticework (48) 
laughing-stock (446) 
laughworthy (49) 
laundryman (48) 
law 

-abiding (49) 
breaker (48) 
breaking (n.) (48) 
giver (48) 
giving (n.) (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
suit (48) 
worthy (49) 
lawyerlike (49) 
lay 

-by (n.) (46) 
man (48) 

-out (n.) (46) 
-over (n.) (46) 
woman (48) 
lazy 

back (48) 
bones (48) 
lead 

-in (n.) (46) 
man (48) 

-off (n.) (46) 
way (48) 

leader work (43a) 
leaf 

-footed (49) 

#mold (43a) 

-red (446) 
stalk (48) 
work (48) 
lean 

-faced (49) 

-to (n.) (46) 
-witted (49) 
leap 

frog (48) 
frogger (45) 
lease 

hold (48) 
holder (45) 
holding (n.) (45) 
leather 

back (48) 
board (48) 

-ear (446) 
fish (48) 
head (bird) (48) 
-headed (49) 
neck (48) 


leather—continued 
side (48) 
stocking (48) 
ware (48) 
wing (bird) (48) 
-winged (49) 
leave-taking (446) 
lee 

angle (48) 
board (48) 

-bow (v.) (446) 

-bowed (p.) (45) 
-bowing (p.) (45) 
ward (58) 
way (48) 
leech-eater (446) 
left 

-eyed (49) 

-footed (49) 
-footedness (45) 

-hand (u.m.) (51) 
-handed (49) 
-handedness (45) 
-hander (45) 
most (52) 

-off (u. m.) (51) 
ward (58) 

-winger (44 d) 
leg-of-mutton (u.m.) (51) 
lego-literary (446) 
lemon-scented (49) 
lengthwise (58) 
less (suffix) 

childless (58) 
let 

-off (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 
let (suffix) 

coverlet (58) 
letter 

-bound (49) 
gram (48) 
head (48) 

-learned (49) 

-learning (n.) (48) 
-perfect (446) 
press (48) 

-space (v.) (52) 
-spaced (p.) (45) 
-spacing (p.) (45) 
-winged (49) 
liberal-minded (49) 
licker-in (n.) (46) 
lieno (combining form) 
-intestinal (58c) 
myeloginous (58a) 
lieutenant 
colonel (55) 
-colonelcy (55) 
life 

blood (48) 
boat (48) 
cord (48) 
giver (48) 
giving (n.) (48) 
holder (48) 
like (49) 
long (49) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


193 


life—continued 
mate (48) 
rent (48) 
renter (45) 
saver (48) 
saving (n.) (48) 
size (49) 
spring (48) 
string (48) 
tide (48) 
time (48) 
light 

-armed (49) 
-fingered (49) 
-footed (49) 
-handed (49) 
-handedness (45) 
-headed (49) 
-headedness (45) 
-hearted (49) 
—heartedness (45) 
-heeled (49) 
house (48) 
houseman (48) 
-limbed (49) 
-minded (49) 
—mindedness (45) 
room (48) 
ship (48) 

-struck (49) 

-tight (446) 
weight (48) 
-winged (49) 
-witted (49) 
wood (48) 

-year (47) 

light (also functions 
suffix) 

sunlight (48) 
lighter 

man (48) 
screw (48) 
like 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
wise (58) 

like (also functions 
suffix) 
godlike (58) 
lily 

-handed (49) 
-white (50) 
limberneck (48) 
lime 

kiln (48) 
light (48) 
rock (48) 
stone (48) 
wash (48) 
water (48) 

linch 

bolt (48) 
pin (48) 
pinned (45) 


line 

man (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
work (48) 
link 

boy (48) 
man (48) 
work (48) 

linsey-woolsey (446) 
lintwhite (bird) (48) 
lion 

fish (48) 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
like (49) 

-tailed (49) 

lip 

-born (49) 
fish (48) 

liquidambar (48) 
listener-in (n.) (46) 
litho (prefix) 
graph (58) 
livestock (48) 
liver 

#color (43a) 

-colored (49) 
liveryman (48) 
loadstone (48) 
loanmonger (48) 
lob 

fig (48) 
scouse (48) 
scouser (45) 
stick (48) 
tail (48) 

as worm (48) 
lobster 

tail (armor) (48) 
-tailed (49) 
lock 

box (48) 

-down (n.) (46) 
fast (49) 
jaw (48) 
smith (48) 
as -up (n.) (46) 
work (48) 

locking-up (n.) (46) 
loco (combining form) 
mobile (58) 
lode 

star (48) 
stuff (48) 
loft-dried (49) 
loftsman (48) 
log 

cock (48) 
fish (48) 
man (48) 
roll (v.) (52) 
rolled (p.) (45) 
roller (45) 
rolling (p.) (45) 


log—continued 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
logger 

head (48) 
headed (45) 
heads (48) 
long 

beak (48) 
beard (48) 
bill (48) 
boat (48) 

-distance (u.m.) (51) 
ear (48) 
fin (48) 
hand (48) 

-headed (49) 
-headedness (45) 
horn (48) 
jaw (48) 
legs (48) 

-lived (49) 

-livedness (45) 
neck (48) 
nose (48) 
pod (48) 
shanks (48) 
shore (48) 
shoreman (48) 
shucks (48) 
-sighted (49) 
-sightedness (45) 
spun (49) 
spur (48) 

-suffering (a.) (49) 
-sufferance (446) 
tail (48) 
wall (48) 
way (48) 

-winded (49) 
-windedly (45) 
-windedness (45) 
wise (58) 
wool (48) 
look 

-down (n.) (46) 

-in (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 
looker-on (n.) (46) 
looking glass (43a) 
loop 

hole (48) 
work (48) 
loose 

-bodied (49) 
-coupler (446) 
-jointed (49) 
-tongued (49) 
lop 

ear (rabbit) (48) 
-eared (49) 

-sided (49) 
stick (48) 
lotus 

-eater (446) 

-eating (n.) (446) 


194 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


loud 

-mouthed (49) 
speaker (48) 

-voiced (49) 
love 

lock (48) 
lorn (49) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
sick (49) 
sickness (45) 
worthy (49) 
low 

-born (49) 

-bred (49) 

-browed (49) 
land (48) 
lander (45) 

-lived (49) 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
-necked (49) 

-pressure (u.m.) (51) 
-spirited (49) 

-studded (49) 
-thoughted (49) 

Low (also High) 

-Church (a.) (44 d) 
-Churchism (44 d) 
-Churchist (44 d) 
-Churchman (44 d, 48) 
-Churchmanship (44 d } 
48, 58) 

lower 

-case (a.) (44 d) 
mast (48) 
most (52) 
lug 

mark (48) 
sail (48) 
worm (48) 
luke 

warm (49) 
warmness (45) 
lumber 
jack (48) 
man (48) 
some (49) 
yard (48) 
lump 

fish (48) 
sucker (48) 

lunar-diurnal (u.m.) (51) 
lung 

fish (48) 

-grown (49) 
motor (48) 
worm (48) 
lunkhead (48) 
lurchline (48) 
lute-backed (49) 
lying-in (n.) (46) 
lynx-eyed (49) 
lyre 

man (48) 

-tailed (49) 


machine 
-made (49) 
man (48) 

macro (combining form) 
axis (58a) 
cephalia (58a) 
mad 

-brained (49) 
cap (48) 

-headed (49) 
house (48) 
man (48) 
stone (48) 

made-up (u.m.) (51) 
magneto (combining form) 
-electric (58c) 
-instrument (58c) 
-optics (58c) 
phone (58a) 
maidservant (58) 
maid (also functions as 
suffix) 

dairymaid (48) 
maidenhood (58) 
mah jong (43a) 
mail 

-checked (49) 

-clad (49) 
man (48) 
main 

land (48) 
lander (45) 
mast (48) 
sail (48) 
sheet (48) 
spring (48) 
stay (48) 
top (48) 
topman (48) 
major 

domo (48) 

^general (55) 

-generalcy (55) 
-generalship (55) 
make 

-believe (44d) 
fast (48) 
game (48) 

-ready (n.) (46) 
shift (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
weight (48) 
maker-up (n.) (46) 
maker (also functions as 
suffix) 

brickmaker (48) 
making-up (n.) (46) 
making (also functions as 
suffix) 

bookmaking (48) 
maltman (48) 
mammato-cumulus (446) 
man 

bote (48) 

-eater (446) 

-eating (u.m.) (51) 

-god (446) 


man—continued 
handle (v.) (52, 
handled (p.) (45) 
handling (p.) (45) 
-hater (446) 
hole (48) 
hood (58) 

-hunting (u.m.) (51) 
kind (48) 

-of-war (46) 

-of-war’s man (46, 43a) 
servant (48) 
slaughter (48) 
slayer (48) 
slaying (n.)' (48) 
stealer (48) 
stealing (n.) (48) 
trap (48) 
way (48) 

man (also functions as 
suffix) 

workman (48) 
mantel 

board (48) 
piece (48) 
shelf (48) 
tree (48) 
mantua 

maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
many 

fold (58) 
plies (48) 

-sided (49) 
maple-leaved (49) 
marble 

head (48) 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
marcel wave (43a) 
march 

land (48) 
pane (48) 
ward (48) 
maresnest (48a) 
mark-off (n.) (46) 
marker-off (n.) (46) 
marks 

man (48a) 
manship (48a, 58) 
marl 

pit (48) 
stone (48) 
marlinspike (48) 
marrowbone (48) 
marsh 
fish (48) 
land (48) 
man (48) 
master 

at arms (55) 
piece (48) 
work (48) 

master (also functions as 
suffix) 

schoolmaster (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


195 


mast 

head (48) 
house (48) 
man (48) 
match 

lock (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
mark (48) 
wood (48) 

mate (functions as suffix) 
playmate (48) 
matter-of-fact (u.m.) (51) 
maulstick (48) 
maw 

-bound (49) 
mouth (48) 
worm (48) 
may 

be (52) 
hap (52) 

May 

pole (48) 
poling (n.) (45) 
tide (48) 
time (48) 
meadowland (48) 
meal 

man (48) 
monger (48) 
time (48) 

meal (also functions as 
suffix) 

breadmeal (48) 
mealy 

bug (48) 

mouth (bird) (48) 
-mouthed (49) 
-mouthedness (45) 
wing (48) 
mean 

-spirited (49) 
-spiritedness (45) 
time (52) 
tone (a.) (49) 
while (52) 
meat 

bird (48) 
man (48) 

mechanico-chemical (445) 
medico (combining form) 
physical (58 a) 
meeting house (43a) 
member state (43a) 
mermaid’s-head (446) 
merry 

-go-round (46) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
wing (48) 
mess 

man (48) 
mate (48) 
metal 

ammonium (48) 
organic (49) 
metestick (48) 


metergram (48) 
methyl 

malonic (49) 
sulphuric (49) 
mezzo 

-rilievo (446) 

#soprano (43a) 
tint (48) 
tinter (45) 

micaceo-calcareous (446) 
micro (combining form) 
meter (58a) 

-organism (58c) 
mid 

-off (n.) (46) 

-on (n.) (46) 

mid (also combining form) 
-air (58c) 

-Atlantic (58c) 
brain (58a) 
carpal (58a) 
middle 
-aged (49) 

-class (u.m.) (51) 
man (48) 
most (49) 

-rate (u.m.) (51) 

-sized (49) 
weight (48) 
mile 

post (48) 
stone (48) 
militiaman (48) 
milk 

fish (48) 

-livered (49) 
maid (48) 
man (48) 
sop (48) 
stone (48) 

-white (50) 
mill 

board (48) 
dam (48) 

-headed (49) 
house (48) 
man (48) 
post (48) 
rind (48) 

#run (43a) 
run (v.) (52) 
running (p.) (45) 
stock (48) 
stone (48) 
work (48) 
wright (48) 
millionfold (58) 
mincemeat (48) 
mintmaster (48) 
minuteman (48) 
mirrorscope (48) 
mischief 

maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
mistress (functions as 
suffix) 

schoolmistress (48) 


mizzen 

mast (48) 
topman (48) 
mob 

cap (48) 
capped (45) 
mock 

-heroic (446) 

-heroically (45) 
moldboard (48) 
mole 

but (48) 
cast (48) 

-catching (n.) (446) 
-eyed (49) 
head (48) 
hill (48) 
skin (48) 

Monday week (57) 
money 
#bag (43a) 

-bound (49) 
grubber (48) 
grubbing (n.) (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
monger (48) 
mongering (48) 
monger (functions as suf¬ 
fix) 

fishmonger (48) 
nonk 

craft (48) 
fish (48) 
monger (48) 
monkey 
-faced (49) 
pot (48) 

mono (combining form) 
clinic (58a) 

-ideism (58c) 

-ideistic (45) 
moon 

beam (48) 
bill (48) 
blind (49) 
blink (48) 
calf (48) 

-culminating (49) 

-eye (446) 

-eyed (49) 
face (48) 
faced (45) 
fish (48) 
light (48) 
lighter (45) 
lighting (n.) (45) 
lit (45) 
rise (48) 
sail (48) 
set (48) 
shade (48) 
shine (48) 
shiner (48) 
shining (n.) (48) 
shiny (49) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


196 


moon—continued 
stone (48) 

-stricken (49) 

-struck (49) 
moor 

land (48) 
lander (45) 
moosewood (48) 
mop 

board (48) 

-headed (49) 
stick (48) 

mopper-up (n.) (46) 
more 

over (52) 
port (bird) (48) 
moss 

back (fish) (48) 
-backed (49) 
bunker (48) 

-green (50) 

-grown (49) 
head (48) 

most-favored-nation (u.r 
(51) 

moth-eaten (49) 
mother 
-in-law (46) 
hood (58) 
land (48) 

-of-pearl (46) 
motley-minded (49) 
moto (combining form) 
magnetic (58a) 
phone (58a) 
motor 

cycle (48) 
cyclist (45) 

-driven (49) 
drome (48) 
man (48) 
mouse 

-colored (49) 

-dun (50) 

-eared (49) 
hawk (48) 
hole (48) 
trap (48) 
mouth 

-made (49) 
piece (48) 
muck 

rake (v.) (52) 
raked (p.) (45) 
raker (45) 
raking (p.) (45) 
worm (48) 
mud 

fish (48) 
hole (48) 
sill (48) 
skipper (48) 
stone (48) 
sucker (48) 
muddle 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
headedness (45) 


muddy 
-brained (49) 
breast (bird) (48) 
-headed (49) 

-mettled (49) 
mulberry-faced (49) 
muleback (48) 
multiple-tuned (u.m.) (51) 
mumble-the-peg (46) 
muscle-bound (49) 
musk 

rat (48) 
wood (48) 
muzzle 

loader (48) 
loading (n.) (48) 
wood (48) 

nail 

brush (48) 

#head (43a) 

-headed (49) 
sick (49) 

.) namby 

-pamby (446) 

-pambics (45) 
-pambiness (45) 
-pambyish (45) 
-pambyism (45) 
namesake (48) 
narrow 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
-spirited (49) 
-spiritedness (45) 
-souled (49) 
naso (combining form) 
bronchial (58 a) 
Nation-wide (44 d) 
navy 

#yard (43a) 

-yard (u.m.) (51) 
near 

by (52) 

-sighted (49) 
-sightedness (45) 
neat 

-handed (49) 
-handedness (45) 
herd (48) 
neck 

band (48) 
cloth (48) 
lace (48) 
laced (45) 
mold (48) 
tie (48) 
wear (48) 
needle 

book (48) 
case (48) 
fish (48) 
man (48) 
point (48) 
stone (48) 
woman (48) 


needle—continued 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
ne’er-do-well (46) 
neo (combining form) 
genesis (58a) 
-Platonism (58 c) 
nerve-shaken (49) 
net 

braider (48) 
fish (48) 
maker (48) 

-veined (49) 

—winged (49) 
work (48) 
netsman (48a) 
never 

more (52) 
theless (52) 
new 

-born (49) 
comer (n.) (48) 
-create (v.) (44d) 
-created (p.) (45) 
-creating (p.) (45) 
-fashioned (49) 
market (48) 
news 

boy (48) 

-letter (446) 
monger (48) 
paper (48) 
paperdom (48, 58) 
paperman (48) 
print (48) 
room (48) 
nick 

-eared (49) 
name (n., v.) (48, 52) 
named (p.) (45) 
naming (p.) (45) 
nigger 
fish (48) 
head (48) 
night 

-blooming (49) 
cap (48) 
capped (45) 
dress (48) 

-eyed (49) 
fall (48) 

-faring (49) 
fly (48) 

-foundered (49) 
fowl (48) 
gown (48) 
hawk (48) 
long (49) 
mare (48) 
shirt (48) 
time (48) 
walker (48) 
walking (n.) (48) 
ward (58) 
nine 

-eyed (49) 
fold (58) 
holes (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


197 


nine—continued 
killer (48) 

-lived (49) 
pence (48) 
penny (48) 
pin (48) 
pins (48) 
score (48) 
ninnyhammer (48) 
nitro (combining form) 
paraffin (58a) 
no 

-ball (n., v.) (44 d) 
-balled (p.) (45) 
-balling (p.) (45) 
body (pron.) (52) 
way (52) 
where (52) 
whither (52) 
wise (58) 
noble 

man (48) 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
woman (48) 
nol-pros (74) 
non 

-civil-service (u.m.) (51 
-coal-bearing (u.m.) (51 
-ego (58c) 
neutral (58) 

-pros (74) 
noon 

day (48) 
light (48) 
tide (48) 
time (49) 
north 

-bound (49) 
-northeast (47) 
-northwest (47) 

-polar (445) 

-seeking (49) 
ward (58) 
nose 

band (48) 
bleed (48) 
fish (48) 
gay (48) 

notwithstanding (52) 
notch 

block (48) 
board (48) 
wing (48) 
note 

book (48) 
head (48) 
worthy (49) 
nowadays (52) 
numskull (48) 
nurse 

hound (48) 
maid (48) 
nurseryman (48) 
nut 

breaker (48) 

-brown (50) 


nut—continued 
cracker (48) 
gall (48) 
hatch (48) 
hook (48) 
pecker (48) 
shell (48) 

nut (also functions as 
suffix) 

ivorynut (48) 
oar 

fish (48) 

-footed (49) 
lock (48) 
oars 

man (48a) 
woman (48a) 
oat 

cake (48) 
meal (48) 
seed (48) 

occipito (combining form) 
angular (58a) 
odd-come-short (n.) (46) 
ceil 

-de-bceuf (Fr.) 
-de-perdrix (Fr.) 
off 

-colored (49) 

-handed (49) 

-handedly (45) 
-handedness (45) 
-hitting (49) 

-lying (49) 

-white (44 d) 
officeholder (48) 
oftentimes (52) 
ohm 

ammeter (48) 
meter (48) 
oil 

coat (48) 
cloth (48) 
fish (48) 
man (48) 
paper (48) 
seed (48) 
skin (48) 
stock (48) 

stone (n., v.) (48, 52) 
stoned (p.) (45) 
stoning (p.) (45) 
tight (49) 
tightness (45) 
way (48) 
old (prefix) 

-fangled (49) 
-fashioned (49) 
-gentlemanly (44 d) 
#maid 

-maidish (44 d) 
time (49) 
timer (45) 
wife (fish) (48) 
-womanish (44d) 
-womanly (44 d) 


olive 

-backed (49) 

-colored (49) 
wood (48) 

omni (combining form) 
bus (58a) 
on 

coming (n.) (48) 
flow (48) 
hanger (48) 
laid (p.) (45) 
lay (v.) (52) 
laying (p.) (45) 
looker (48) 
looking (n.) (48) 
rush (48) 
rushing (n.) (45) 
set (48) 
setter (45) 
slaught (48) 
to (52) 
ward (58) 

one 

-half (u.m.) (51) 
self (pron.) (52) 
-sided (49) 

-sidedly (45) 
-sidedness (45) 
step (48) 

-two (n.) (44 d) 
-two-three (n.) (44 d) 
-way (u.m.) (51) 
one’s self 

onionskin (paper) (48) 
only-begotten (u.m.) (51) 
open 

-air (u.m.) (51) 
-airishness (44d) 
-airness (44 d) 
bill (bird) (48) 
cast (48) 

-coil (u.m.) (51) 
-handed (49) 
-handedly (45) 
-handedness (45) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
—minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
-mouthed (49) 
-mouthedness (45) 
work (48) 
working (n.) (45) 
operameter (48) 
orange 

#peel (43a) 

-peel (u.m.) (51) 

-red (50) 
orchardman (48) 
other 

ness (58) 
wise (58) 

-world (u.m.) (51) 
—worldliness (44 d) 
-worldly (44 d) 


198 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


out 

-and-out (446) 
-and-outer (45) 
law (48) 
lawry (45) 
live (v.) (52) 
lived (p.) (45) 
living (p.) (45) 
-of-date (446) 
ovate-oblong (446) 
oven 

bird (48) 
peel (48) 
stone (48) 
wood (48) 
over 

-an (a.) (446) 
do (v.) (52) 
doing (p.) (45) 
done (p.) (45) 
-estimated (49) 
hang (v.) (52) 
hanging (p.) (52) 
hung (p.) (45) 
head (48) 
run (48) 
sea (48) 
seas (52) 
-sparred (49) 
time (48) 

owl 

-eyed (49) 
head (48) 
ox 

bird (48) 
biter (48) 
bow (48) 
boy (48) 
brake (48) 
cart (48) 
cheek (48) 

-eyed (49) 
fly (48) 
goad (48) 
harrow (48) 
head (48) 
heart (48) 
hide (48) 
hoft (48) 
horn (48) 
house (48) 
like (49) 
man (48) 
pecker (48) 
shoe (48) 
tail (48) 
tongue (48) 
oyster 

bird (48) 
house (48) 
man (48) 

pace 

board (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 


pack 

house (48) 
man (48) 
saddle (48) 
staff (48) 
thread (48) 
ware (48) 
way (48) 
paddle 
fish (48) 
wood (48) 
pad 

lock (48) 
nag (48) 
pains 

taker (48) 
taking (n.) (48) 
paint 

brush (48) 
work (48) 
page proof (43a) 
pale 

face (white man) (48) 
-faced (49) 
pall 

bearer (48) 

-mall (446) 

palmi (combining form) 
nerved (58a) 
paly-bendy (a.) (446) 
pan (prefix) 

-Anglican (58c) 
cosmic (58) 

Pan American (58c) 
panelwork (48) 
panic 

monger (48) 
mongering (45) 
-stricken (49) 

-struck (49) 
pantryman (48) 
papboat (48) 
paper 

bark (48) 

-bound (49) 
mouth (fish) (48) 
-shelled (49) 
papier m&ch6 (Fr.) 
para (prefix) 

-anesthesia (58c) 
central (58a) 
pari mutuel (Fr.) 
parti (combining form) 
membered (58a) 
mortgage (58a) 
mortgaged (45) 
party 

-coated (49) 

-colored (49) 

-striped (49) 

-walled (49) 
pass 

book (48) 
key (48) 
port (48) 
word (48) 
passageway (48) 


passer-by (n.) (46) 
passiontide (48) 
paste 

board (48) 

-down (n.) (46) 
pat-a-cake (46) 
patch 

wise (58) 
work (48) 
path 

finder (48) 
way (48) 
patrolman (48) 
pattypan (48) 
pawn 

broker (48) 
broking (n.) (48) 
shop (48) 
pay 

master (48) 
mistress (48) 

#roll (43a) 
pea 

bird (48) 
chick (48) 
coat (48) 
cock (48) 
fowl (48) 
hen (48) 
jacket (48) 
nut (48) 
peace 

breaker (48) 
breaking (n.) (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
monger (48) 
mongering (n.) (45) 
peach-colored (49) 
pearl-eyed (49) 
pearmonger (48) 
peau-d’orange (Fr.) 
pebble 

-hearted (49) 
stone (48) 
ware (48) 
peelhouse (48) 
peephole (48) 
pelicansfoot (shell) (48a) 
pell-mell (446) 
pen 

craft (48) 
dragon (48) 
dragonish (45, 58) 
dragonship (45, 58) 
fish (48) 
holder (48) 
knife (48) 
man (48) 
rack (48) 
stock (48) 
trough (48) 
wiper (48) 
woman (48) 
penny 

weight (48) 
wise (49) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


199 


penthouse (48) 
pepper 

-and-salt (u.m.) (51) 
box (48) 
corn (48) 
mint (48) 
per 

#centum (L.) 
cent (no period) (48, 
74 ) 

centage (45) 
per (prefix) 
oxide (58) 
peri (prefix) 
cycle (58) 
pest 

hole (48) 
house (48) 
petersham (48) 
petro (combining form) 
glyph (58a) 

phono (combining form) 
graph (58a) 

phospho (combiningform) 
globulin (58a) 
photo (combining form) 
graph (58a) 

phyllo (combining form) 
cactus (58a) 
phylo (combining form) 
cycle (58a) 

physico (combining form) 
chemical (58a) 
pianoforte (48) 
pick 

ax (48) 
lock (48) 
man (48) 
maw (48) 
pocket (48) 
picker-up (n.) (46) 
pickleworm (48) 
piebald (49) 
piece 

meal (52) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 

piece (also functions as 
suffix) 

mantelpiece (48) 
pied-winged (49) 
pierhead (48) 
piezo (combining form) 
-electric (58c) 
-oscillator (58c) 
resonator (58a) 

Pig 

back (v.) (52) 
backed (p.) (45) 
backing (p.) (45) 
-eyed (49) 

-faced (49) 
fish (48) 
foot (48) 

-headed (49) 

-headedly (45) 
-headedness (45) 
-jawed (49) 


pig—continued 
-jump (v.) (44d) 
-jumped (p.) (45) 
-jumper (45) 
-jumping (p.) (45) 
maker (48) 
pen (48) 
skin (48) 
sty (48) 
tail (48) 
pigeon 

-breasted (49) 
-hearted (49) 
hole (n., v.) (48, 52) 
holed (p.) (45) 
holer (45) 
holing (p.) (45) 
-toed (49) 
pike 

man (48) 
staff (48) 
pile 

work (48) 
worm (48) 
pillowcase (48) 
pin 


ball (48) 
borer (48) 
case (48) 
cushion (48) 
feather (n., v.) (48, 52) 
feathered (p.) (45) 
featherer (45) 
feathering (p.) (45) 
fish (48) 
flat (48) 

fold (n., v.) (48, 52) 
folding (n.) (45) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
hold (48) 
hole (48) 
rail (48) 
tail (bird) (48) 

-tailed (49) 

-toed (49) 

wheel (n., v.) (48, 52) 
wheeled (p.) (45) 
wheeling (p.) (45) 
work (n., v.) (48, 52) 
worked (p.) (45) 
working (p.) (45) 
worm (48) 
pince-nez (Fr.) 
pinch 

beck (48) 
cock (48) 
pine 

apple (48) 
land (48) 
ping-pong (446) 
pink 

-eyed (49) 

-sterned (49) 
pipe 

fish (48) 
layer (48) 
laying (n.) (48) 


pipe—continued 
#line (43a) 

-line (v.) (44 d) 

-lined (p.) (45) 
-lining (p.) (45) 
man (48) 
stem (48) 
stone (48) 
pistol 

gram (48) 
graph (48) 
pit 

apat (52) 
bird (48) 
fall (48) 

-headed (49) 
man (48) 
pan (boat) (48) 
work (mining) (48) 
pitch 

blende (48) 

-faced (49) 
fork (48) 

^piaster (43a) 
-plaster (v.) (44 d) 
-plastered (p.) (45) 
-plastering (p.) (45) 
stone (48) 
work (mining) (48) 
pitter-patter (446) 
plain 

back (fabric) (48) 
-spoken (49) 
-spokenness (45) 
tail (48) 

plainsman (48a) 
plane 

#curve (43a) 
-polarized (49) 

#table (43a) 

-table (v.) (44 d) 
-tabled (p.) (45) 
-tabling (p.) (45) 
-tabler (45) 
planet 

-stricken (49) 

-struck (49) 
piano (combining form) 
convex (58a) 
plantsman (48a) 
plasterwork (48) 
platband (48) 
plate 

fish (48) 

-glazed (49) 
making (n.) (48) 
-roll (v.) (44 d) 
-rolled (p.) (45) 
-rolling (p.) (45) 
play 

bill (48) 
book (48) 
day (48) 
fellow (48) 
ground (48) 
house (48) 
mate (48) 


200 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


play—continued 
right (48) 
thing (48) 
time (48) 
wright (48) 
plein 

-air (Fr.) 

-airist (45) 

pleuro (combining form) 
bronchial (58a) 
plotproof (49) 
plow 

boy (48) 
gang (48) 
man (48) 
share (48) 
wright (48) 
plug 

man (48) 
tray (48) 

pluto (combining form) 
mania (48) 

pneumato (combining 
form) 

gram (58a) 

pneumo (combining form) 
gastric (58a) 
pock 

house (48) 
mark (48) 
marked (45) 
pocket 

book (48) 
knife (48) 

#veto (43a) 
point-blank (446) 
pointsman (48) 
poke 

#bonnet (43a) 
-bonneted (44 d) 
pole 

ax (48) 
axer (45) 
burn (48) 
cat (48) 
man (48) 
star (48) 
wig (48) 
police 

man (48) 
woman (48) 
policyholder (48) 
poll tax (43a) 
pondfish (48) 
pooh-pooh (446) 
poor 

house (48) 

-spirited (49) 
-spiritedness (45) 
pop 

eye (fish) (48) 

-eyed (49) 
gun (48) 

-over (n.) (46) 
poppy 

cock (48) 
head (48) 
porkfish (48) 


port 

crayon (48) 
cullis (48) 
folio (48) 
hole (48) 
hook (48) 
man (48) 
manteau (48) 
-mouthed (49) 
reeve (48) 
vent (48) 
porte 

-bonheur (Fr.) 
-caustique (Fr.) 
#cochere (Fr.) 
crayon (Fr.) 
feuille (Fr.) 
-lumiere (Fr.) 
porterhouse (48) 
post 

#auger (43a) 

#bag (43a) 

#bellum (L.) 

-bellum (u.m.) (51) 
#boat (43a) 

#box (43a) 

#captain (43a) 

#car (43a) 

#card (43a) 

#cedar (43a) 

#chaise (43a) 
#chariot (43a) 

#coach (43a) 

#day (43a) 

-free (u.m.) (51) 
#horn (43a) 

#horse (43a) 
man (48) 
mark (48) 
master (48) 

#mill (43a) 

#mortem (L.) 
-mortem (u.m.) (51) 
#note (43a) 

#oak (43a) 

#office (43a) 

-office (u.m.) (51) 
#roads (43a) 

#route (43a) 

#town (43a) 

#trader (43a) 

#truss (43a) 
post (prefix) 

-obit (58c) 
script (58) 

-tonic (58c) 

-war (58c) 
pot 

ale (48) 
ash (48) 

-au-feu (Fr.) 
bellied (49) 
belly (48) 
boil (v.) (52) 
boiled (p.) (45) 
boiler (45) 
boiling (p.) (45) 
-bound (49) 


pot—continued 
boy (48) 
girl (48) 
hanger (48j 
herb (48) 
hole (48) 
hook (48) 
hookery (45) 
house (48) 
hunter (48) 
hunting (n.) (48) 
lid (48) 
luck (48) 
man (48) 
pie (48) 
pourri (48) 
sherd (48) 
stone (48) 
valiant (49) 
valiance (48) 
valiancy (45) 
valiantly (45) 
valiantry (45) 
valor (48) 
waller (48) 
walling (n.) (48) 
ware (48) 
work (48) 
poult-de-soie (Fr.) 
pound 

cake (48) 

-foot (47) 
keeper (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
stone (48) 
pour 

boire (Fr.) 
parler (Fr.) 
point (Fr.) 
pousse-caf6 (Fr.J 
poverty-stricken (49) 
powder 
-blue (50) 
flask (48) 
horn (48) 
mill (48) 
pow-wow (446) 
praise 

worthily (45) 
worthiness (45) 
worthy (49) 
pre (prefix) 

-Cambrian (58c) 
exist (58) 

-war (58c) 
president-elect (586) 
press 

board (48) 
man (48) 
mark (48) 
pack (48) 
room (48) 
work (48) 
price 

less (58) 

#list (43a) 

#notice (43a) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


201 


prick 

-eared (49) 
punch (48) 
spur (48) 
priest 

craft (48) 

-rid (49) 

-ridden (49) 
printing 
#ink (43a) 

#machine (43a) 

#office (43a) 

-out (u.m.) (51) 

#press (43a) 
prittle-prattle (446) 
privateersman (48) 
pro (prefix) 
cure (58) 
optic (58) 
probe-pointed (49) 
proc&s 

-verbal (Fr.) 

-verbaux (45) 
prong 

buck (48) 
horn (48) 
proof 

reader (48) 
reading (n.) (48) 
proto (combining form) 
blast (58a) 

-Egyptian (58c) 
pseudo (combining form) 
aquatic (58a) 
-Christian (58c) 
psycho (prefix) 
physics (58) 
puckermouth (48) 
pudding 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
puffball (48) 
pug-nosed (49) 
pull 

-back (n.) (46) 
devil (48) 

-down (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 
puller 

-in (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 
pulp 

board (48) 
stone (48) 
wood (48) 
punt 

-about (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 
puppet 
man (48) 
master (48) 
purebred (54) 
purpleheart (48) 
purseproud (49) 
push 

ball (48) 
pin (48) 


pussy 

foot (v.) (52) 
footed (45) 
footer (45) 
footing (n.) (45) 

put 

log (48) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 

-up (u.m.) (51) 
putter-on (n.) (46) 
puzzle 

-headed (49) 
-lieadedness (45) 
pyx jury (43a) 

Q 

-boat (44c) 

-ship (44c) 
quagmire (48) 
quarry 

-faced (49) 
man (48) 
quarter 

-angled (49) 

-boards (446) 

-bound (49) 

-cast (49) 

-cut (49) 

-deck (446) 

-decker (45) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
pace (48) 

-pierced (49) 

-pointed (49) 

-saw (v.) (446) 

-sawed (p.) (45) 
-sawing (p.) (45) 
-sawn (p.) (45) 

-staff (446) 

-stretch (446) 
quartermaster 
#general (55) 
-generalship (55) 
#sergeant (55) 
quasi (prefix) 

-contract (586) 
-deposit (586) 
queen 

fish (48) 
hood (58) 
post (48) 
quick 

-fire (n.) (44 d) 

-firing (45) 
foot (52) 
hatch (48) 
lime (48) 
sand (48) 

-sighted (49) 
-sightedness (45) 
silver (n., v.) (48, 52) 
silvered (p.) (45) 
silvering (p.) (45) 
step (48) 

-witted (49) 


quick—continued 
-wittedness (45) 
work (48) 
quill 

back (48) 
tail (48) 
work (48) 
quintuple 
-nerved (49) 

-ribbed (49) 
quirewise (58) 
quit 

claim (n., v.) (48, 52) 
claimed (p.) (45) 
claiming (p.) (45) 
rent (48) 

rabbit 

-ear (faucet) (446) 
mouth (fish) (48) 
-mouthed (49) 
race 

-about (boat) (46) 
way (48) 
rack 

board (organ) (48) 
master (48) 
way (48) 
work (48) 
radio (noun) 

#antenna (43a) 
#engineers (43a) 
#frequency (43a) 

#set (43a) 

#tube (43a) 

radio (combining form) 
active (58a) 
beacon (58a) 
telegram (58a; 
telephone (58a) 
telephony (58a) 
raftsman (48) 
ragamuffin (48) 
rag 

man (48) 
picker (48) 
stone (48) 
time (48) 
work (48) 
rail 

bird (48) 
head (48) 
road (48) 
way (48) 
rain 

band (48) 
bow (48) 
coat (48) 
drop (48) 
fall (48) 
proof (49) 
storm (48) 
tight (49) 
wash (48) 
ram 

line (48) 
rod (48) 
shackle (49) 


202 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


ram’s-horn (446) 
ranchman (48) 
rapid 

-fire (u.m.) (51) 

-firer (44 d) 

-firing (n.) (44 d) 
rare 

bit (48) 
ripe (49) 
rat 

-a-tat (46) 
fish (48) 
line (48) 

-tailed (49) 
rate 

payer (48) 
paying (n.) (48) 
rattle 

bag (,48) 
bones (48) 
box (48) 
brain (48) 
brained (45) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
pate (48) 
pated (45) 
ran (48) 
snake (48) 
trap (48) 
raw 

-boned (49) 
head (48) 
hide (48) 
razor 

back (animal) (48) 
-backed (49) 
bill (fowl) (48) 

-billed (49) 
razzle-dazzle (446) 
re (prefix) 

collect (remember) 
(58) 

-collect (collect again) 
(58c) 

cover (regain) (58) 
-cover (cover again) 
(58 c) 

enact (58) 
ready 

-made (49) 

-witted (49) 
-wittedness (45) 
rear 

horse (48) 
most (52) 
ward (58) 

recto (combining form) 
abdominal (58a) 
red 

back (fish) (48) 
-backed (49) 
belly (fish) (48) 
-bellied (49) 

-billed (49) 
bird (48) 

breast (robin) (48) 
-breasted (49) 


red—continued 
buck (48) 
cap (48) 
coat (48) 

-crested (49) 
eye (fish) (48) 

-eyed (49) 

-figured (49) 
finch (48) 
fish (48) 

-footed (49) 

—haired (49) 

-handed (49) 
hard (49) 
harden (v.) (52) 
hardened (p.) (45) 
hardening (p.) (45) 
hardness (45) 
-headed (49) 
hoop (48) 
hot (49) 

-letter (u.m.) (51) 
poll (48) 
shank (48) 
shirt (48) 
skin (48) 
start ^48) 
streak (48) 

#tape (43a) 

-tape (u.m.) (51) 
-tapery (44 d) 

—tapish (44d) 

-tapism (44 d) 

-tapist (44d) 
throat (bird) (48) 
wing (bird) (48) 
-winged (49) 
wood (48) 
reed 

bird (48) 
buck (48) 
work (48) 

Reichsmark (Ger.) 
remainderman (48) 
rendrock (48) 
resino-electric (446) 
resthouse (48) 
return 

ball (48) 

-cocked (49) 
rez-de-chauss6e (Fr.) 
rhinestone (48) 
rhodeswood (48) 
rhomboid-ovate (446) 
rib 

band (n., v.) (48, 52) 
banded (p.) (45) 
banding (p.) (45) 
ricebird (48) 
rick 

rack (48) 
stand (48) 
yard (48) 
ridge 

band (48) 
pole (48) 
rope (48) 
riff-raff (446) 


rifle 

bird (48) 
fish (48) 
man (48) 
right 

-about (n.) (46) 
-hand (u.m.) (51) 
-handed (49) 
-hander (n.) (44d) 
-handedness (45) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
ward (58) 

rim 

base (48) 

-fire (u.m.) (51) 
rinderpest (48) 
ring 

bark (v.) (52) 
barked (p.) (45) 
barking (p.) (45) 
bill (bird) (48) 
-billed (49) 
bird (48) 
bolt (48) 
bone (48) 
dove (48) 
eye (48) 
head (48) 
leader (48) 
master (48) 
neck (bird) (48) 
-necked (49) 
-porous (a.) (446) 
rope (48) 

-small (446) 
-streaked (49) 
tail (bird) (48) 
-tailed (49) 
taw (48) 
toss (48) 
wise (58) 
worm (48) 
rip 

rap (48) 
sack (48) 
saw (48) 
river 

head (48) 
man (48) 
side (48) 
road 

bed (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
side (48) 
stead (48) 
way (48) 
worthy (49) 
rock 

bottom (48) 
-bound (49) 
-faced (49) 
fish (48) 
shaft (48) 
staff (48) 
wood (48) 
work (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


203 


rocking 

#chair (43a) 

#horse (43a) 
rod 

man (48) 
wood (48) 
roebuck (48) 
roll 

-back (n.) (46) 
cumulus (49) 
way (48) 
rolleyway (48) 
rolling-pin (446) 
roly-poly (446) 
rooftree (48) 
roommate (48) 
root 

cap (48) 

-mean-square (46) 
stock (48) 
worm (48) 
rope 

#dancer (48) 

#dancing (n.) (48) 
maker (48) 
walk (shed) (48) 
#walker (45) 
way (48) 
work (48) 
rose 

-a-ruby (46) 
bit (48) 

-breasted (49) 
-colored (49) 

-cut (49) 
drop (48) 
fish (48) 
head (48) 

-pink (50) 

-red (50) 

-ringed (49) 

#water (43a) 

-water (u.m.) (51) 
wood (48) 
rough 

-bore (v.) (44c?) 
-bored (p.) (45) 
-boring (p.) (45) 
cast (n., v.) (48, 52) 
caster (45) 
casting (p.) (45) 
dry (49) 
hew (v.) (52) 
hewer (45) 
hewing (p.) (45) 
hewn (p.) (45) 
leaved (49) 
leg (bird) (48) 
-legged (49) 

-plane (v.) (44d) 
-planed (p.) (45) 
-planing (p.) (45) 
-point (v.) (44 d) 
-pointed (p.) (45) 
-pointing (p.) (45) 
rider (48) 
setter (48) 

174205°—33- 10 


rough—continued 
-shod (49) 

-tailed (49) 

-winged (49) 
work (n., v.) (48, 52) 
worked (p.) (45) 
working (p.) (45) 
-wrought (49) 
roughing-in (n.) (46) 
round 

-about (n.,a.) (46, 45) 
-arm (u.m.) (51) 
fish (48) 

-headed (49) 
-headedness (45) 
house (48) 

-iron (446) 
line (48) 

-shouldered (49) 
tail (48) 
top (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
wood (48) 
worm (48) 
roundsman (48) 
row 

boat (48) 
lock (48) 
port (48) 
rowelhead (48) 
rubber 

-stamp (v.) (44 d) 
-stamped (p.) (45) 
-stamping (p.) (45) 
stone (48) 
rubble 

stone (48) 
work (48) 
rubstone (48) 
ruby 

tail (insect) (48) 
-tailed (49) 
throat (bird) (48) 
-throated (49) 
rucksack (48) 
rudder 

head (48) 
hole (48) 
post (48) 
stock (48) 
rulemonger (48) 
rum 

runner (48) 
running (n.) (48) 
swizzle (48) 

run 

-about (n.) (46) 
-around (n.) (46) 
-away (n.) (46) 

-by (n.) (46) 
dale (48) 
fish (48) 
holder (48) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-over (n.) (46) 
way (48) 


runner-up (n.) (46) 
rushlight (48) 
rustproof (49) 

S-boat (44c) 
saber 

bill (48) 

-legged (49) 

-toothed (49) 
wing (48) 
sablefish (48) 
sack 

cloth (48) 
clothed (45) 
saddle 

back (48) 
backed (45) 
bag (n., v.) (48, 52) 
bagged (p.) (45) 
bagging (p.) (45) 
-billed (49) 
bow (48) 
cloth (48) 

-graft (v.) (44 d) 
-grafted (p.) (45) 
-grafting (p.) (45) 
nose (48) 

-shaped (49) 

-stitch (v.) (44 d) 
-stitched (p.) (45) 
-stitching (p.) (45) 
tree (48) 
wise (58) 
sadiron (48) 
safe 

-conduct (n.. v.) (44c?) 
-conducted (p.) (45) 
-conducting (p.) (45) 
guard (n., v.) (48, 52) 
guarded (p.) (45) 
guarding (p.) (45) 
-keeping (49) 

-pledge (n.) (446) 
sail 

boat (48) 
cloth (48) 
fish (48) 
maker (48) 
sailorman (48) 
sale 

work (48) 
yard (48) 
sales 

lady (48) 
man (48) 
manship (48, 58) 
room (48) 
woman (48) 
salt 

cellar (48) 
peter (48) 
spoon (48) 
salver 

form (48) 

-shaped (49) 
sandalwood (48) 


204 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


sand 

bag (n., v.) (48, 5! 
bagged (p.) (45) 
bagger (45) 
bagging (p. (45) 
-blast (v.) (44d) 
-blasted (p.) (45) 
-blasting (p.) (45) 
-burned (49) 
fish (48) 
man (48) 
paper (n., v.) (48, 
papered (p.) (45) 
papering (p.) (45) 
piper (48) 
shoe (48) 
stone (48) 
weld (48) 
wood (48) 
worm (48) 
sang-froid (Fr.) 
sap 

head (48) 
headed (45) 
sucker (48) 
wood (48) 
satinwood (48) 
sauce 

box (48) 
pan (48) 

save-all (n.) (46) 
saw 

back (n.) (48) 
-billed (49) 
buck (48) 
dust (48) 
fish (48) 
fly (48) 
horse (48) 
mill (48) 

-toothed (49) 
-wrest (n.) (446) 
sax 

cornet (48) 
horn (48) 
tuba (48) 
valve (48) 
scaldfish (48) 
scale 

beam (48) 
board (48) 
fish (48) 
pan (48) 
work (48) 
scaly-winged (49) 
scape 

gallows (48) 
goat (48) 
grace (48) 
wheel (48) 
scarecrow (48) 
scarf 

pin (48) 
skin (48) 
wise (58) 
scatter 

brain (48) 
brained (45) 


school 

) #board (43a) 

book (48) 
boy (48) 
craft (48) 
fellow (48) 
girl (48) 
house (48) 
maid (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 

52) mate (48) 

mistress (48) 
room (48) 
Steadier (43a) 
#teaching (43a) 
time (48) 
ward (58) 
scoff-law (446) 
scotfree (49) 
scout 

craft (48) 
hood (58) 
master (48) 
scrapbook (48) 
scratch 

board (48) 
brush (48) 
work (48) 
screenman (48) 
scroll 

head (48) 
work (48) 
scrub 

board (48) 
land (48) 
scythe 

man (48) 
stone (48) 
sea 

beach (48) 
board (48) 

-born (49) 

-bound (49) 
coast (48) 
farer (48) 
faring (n.) (48) 
folk (48) 

-girt (49) 

-going (49) 

-green (50) 

-island (u.m.) (51) 
man (48) 
mark (48) 
piece (48) 
plane (48) 
port (48) 
quake (48) 
scape (48) 
shore (48) 
sick (49) 
sickness (45) 
side (48) 
ward (58) 
way (48) 
worthy (49) 
worthiness (45) 


seal 

-brown (50) 
skin (48) 
searchlight (48) 
second 
-class (44 d) 

-foot (51) 

-hand (44 d) 

-rate (44 d) 

#sight (43a) 

-sighted (49) 
secretary 
#general (55) 
-generalcy (55) 
-generalship (55) 
-treasurer (47) 
see-saw (n., a.) (446, 45) 
seed 

bird (48) 
cake (48) 
lac (48) 
time (48) 
seedsman (48) 
seer 

fish (48) 
hand (48) 
selectman (48) 
self 

-denying (49) 
same (49) 
sameness (45) 
self (reflexive prefix) 
-defense (586) 
-interest (586) 
semi (prefix) 

-incandescent (58c) 
official (58) 

serio (combining form) 
-comic (58c) 
-comically (45) 
sero (combining form) 
diagnosis (58a) 
serpentwood (48) 
serrate 
-ciliate (446) 

-dentate (446) 
servomotor (58a) 
sesqui (combining form) 
centennial (58a) 

-back (n.) (46) 
bolt (48) 

-down (n.) (46) 

-fair (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 

-over (n.) (46) 
-stitched (49) 

-to (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 
work (48) 
seven 

fold (58) 
score (48) 

-shooter (446) 

-up (n.) (46) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


205 


S0x 

-limited (49) 

-linked (49) 
sextodecimo (58a) 
shadbird (48) 
shake 

-down (n.) (46) 
proof (49) 

-up (n.) (46) 
shallow 
-brained (49) 

-hearted (49) 
shame-faced (49) 
share 

beam (48) 
bone (48) 
broker (48) 
holder (48) 
sharp 
-cut (49) 

-shinned (49) 
shooter (48) 
shooting (n.) (48) 
-sighted (49) 
-sightedness (45) 
-tailed (49) 

-witted (49) 
shear 

hog (48) 
man (48) 
sheatfish (48) 
sheath 
bill (48) 

-winged (49) 
sheep 

fold (48) 

-headed (49) 
hook (48) 

-kneed (49) 
man (48) 
master (48) 

-shank (446) 

#shears (43a) 

#shearer (43a) 
#shearing (n.) (43a) 
skin (48) 
split (48) 
walk (48) 
sheepseye (48a) 
sheepsfoot (printing) (48a) 
sheepshead (fish) (48a) 
sheet 

-pile (v.) (44 d) 

-piled (45) 

-piling (45) 
wise (58) 
work (48) 
shell 

fire (48) 
fish (48) 
man (48) 
proof (49) 

-shock (v.) (44d) 
-shocked (p.) (45) 
-shocking (p.) (45) 
work (48) 


shield 

-shaped (49) 
tail (48) 
shilly 

-shallier (45) 

-shally (446) 
shinglewood (48) 
shinplaster (48) 
ship 

board (48) 

-bound (49) 
builder (48) 
building (n.) (48) 
lap (49) 
load (48) 
master (48) 
mate (48) 
ow r ner (48) 
rigged (49) 
shape (49) 
way (48) 
worm (48) 
wreck (48) 
wright (48) 
yard (48) 
ship (suffix) 

workmanship (58) 
shock-headed (49) 
shoe 

black (48) 
horn (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
pack (48) 
tree (48) 
shop 

keeper (48) 
lifter (48) 
lifting (n.) (48) 
man (48) 

shop (also functions as 
suffix) 

workshop (48) 
short 

bread (48) 
cake (48) 

-change (v.) (44 d) 
-changed (p.) (45) 
-changing (p.) (45) 
-circuit (v.) (44d) 
-circuited (p.) (45) 
-circuiting (p.) (45) 
coming (n.) (48) 
hand (writing) (48) 
-handed (49) 
horn (cattle) (48) 
-horned (49) 

-sighted (49 
stop (48) 
shot 

gun (48) 
proof (49) 
shovel 
bill (48) 
board (48) 
fish (48) 
head (48) 

-nosed (49) 


show 

-down (n.) (46) 
man (48) 
room (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
shrewmouse (48) 
shroud-laid (49) 
shuffleboard (48) 
shut 

-down (n.) (46) 

-in (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 
shuttle 

cock (48) 
wise (58) 

-wound (49) 
sickle 

bill (bird) (48) 

-billed (49) 

-hocked (49) 
side 

bands (48) 
board (48) 
bone (48) 
flash (48) 
hill (48) 
lights (48) 
long (49) 
piece (48) 
saddle (48) 

-slip (v.) (446) 

-slipped (p.) (45) 
-slipping (p.) (45) 
-splitting (49) 

-step (v.) (446) 
-stepped (p.) (45) 
-stepping (p.) (45) 
-stitch (v.) (446) 
-stitched (p.) (45) 
-stitching (p.) (45) 
track (48) 
walk (48) 

-wheeled (49) 

-wheeler (44 d) 
wise (58) 

side (also functions as 
suffix) 

roadside (48) 
siegework (48) 
sight 

-seeing (n.) (446) 

-seer (446) 
signalman (48) 
sign 

board (48) 
post (48) 

silk 

man (48) 

-stocking (u.m.) (51) 
wood (48) 
worm (48) 
silver 

back (48) 
beater (48) 
belly (48) 
bill (48) 

-black (50) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


206 


silver—continued 
fish (48) 

“gray (50) 

-haired (49) 
-leaved (49) 
smith (48) 
top (48) 
ware (48) 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
simon-pure (44 d) 
simple 
-faced (49) 
-hearted (49) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
sinew-shrunk (49) 
sing-song (446) 
single 

-acting (49) 
-action (u.m.) (51) 
-banked (49) 

-eyed (49) 

-handed (49) 
-loader (44d) 
-phraser (44 d) 
-surfaced (49) 
tree (48) 

-valued (49) 
sink 

box (48) 
room (48) 
stone (48) 
sister-in-law (46) 
six 

-cut (49) 
fold (58) 

-footer (44 d) 
pence (48) 
penny (48) 
score (48) 
-shooter (44 d) 
sketchbook (48) 
skew 

-back (n.) (46) 
bald (49) 
wise (58) 
skid 

proof (49) 
way (48) 
skill-less (58c) 
skimback (48) 
skin 

-bound (49) 

-deep (446) 
flint (48) 
skipjack (48) 
skull 

cap (48) 
fish (48) 
skunk 
bill (48) 
head (48) 
top (48) 

sky 

-blue (50) 
gazer (48) 

-high (446) 


sky—continued 
lark (48) 
larking (n.) (45) 
light (48) 
line (48) 
man (48) 
rocket (48) 
sail (48) 
scraper (48) 
ward (58) 
slab-sided (49) 
slack-salted (49) 
slam-bang (446) 
slap 

-bang (446) 

-dash (446) 
jack (48) 

stick (n.,a.) (48,45) 
slate-colored (49) 
slaughterhouse (48) 
slave 

holder (48) 
holding (n.) (48) 
sleep 

walker (48) 
walking (n.) (48) 
sleepyhead (48) 
sleuthhound (48) 
slide 

way (48) 
wire (48) 

slip 

board (48) 
knot (48) 

-on (n.) (46) 

-sheet (v.) (44d) 
-sheeted (p.) (45) 
-sheeting (p.) (45) 
shod (49) 
slop (48) 
way (48) 
slit 

-eyed (49) 
shell (48) 
sloop-rigged (49) 
slop 

-built (49) 

-molded (49) 
seller (48) 
shop (48) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
slow 

-burning (49) 

-down (n.) (46) 

-witted (49) 
worm (48) 
sluiceway (48) 
small 

clothes (48) 
pox (48) 
sword (48) 
smearcase (48) 
smith (functions as suffix) 
goldsmith (48) 
smoke 

-dry (v.) (446) 

-dried (p.) (45) 


smoke—continued 
-drying (p.) (45) 
house (48) 
jack (48) 
stack (48) 
stone (48) 
smooth 
bore (48) 
bored (45) 
-chinned (49) 
-faced (49) 

-spoken (49) 
-tongued (49) 
snail-paced (49) 
snake 

bird (48) 
fish (48) 
head (48) 
neck (48) 
piece (48) 
stone (48) 
wood (48) 
worm (48) 
snap 

-back (n.) (46) 
-shot (n.) (446) 
-shooter (446) 
-shooting (n.) (446) 
snapper-back (n.) (46) 
snipe 

bill (48) 
fish (48) 

-nosed (49) 
sniperscope (48) 
snow 

ball (48) 
bird (48) 

-blind (a.) (446) 
-blindness (446) 
-bound (49) 
cap (48) 
drift (48) 
fall (48) 
flake (48) 
plow (48) 
scape (48) 
shed (48) 
shoe (48) 
shoer (45) 
slide (48) 
slip (48) 
storm (48) 

-white (50) 
snub-nosed (49) 
snuffbox (48) 
so 

-and-so (n.) (44 d) 
-called (49) 

#far as (57) 

-so (446) 
soap 

bark (48) 
fish (48) 
rack (48) 
root (48) 
stone (48) 
suds (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


207 


sober 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 
soft 

-finned (49) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
-rayed (49) 

-shell (u.m.) (51) 
-shelled (49) 
-spoken (49) 
tack (48) 
wood (48) 
soleplate (48) 
solid 

-drawn (49) 
-hoofed (49) 
-horned (49) 
ungulate (49) - 
some 

body (pron.) (52) 
how (52) 
one (pron.) (52) 
thing (pron.) (52) 
time (52) 
times (52) 
way (52) 
what (52) 
where (52) 
whither (52) 
some (suffix) 
foursome (58) 
son-in-law (46) 
song 

bird (48) 
book (48) 
craft (48) 
sooth 

say (52) 
sayer (45) 
saying (n.) (45) 
sore 

head (48) 

-eyed (49) 
soundproof (49) 
south 

-bound (49) 
-seeking (49) 
-southeast (47) 
-southwest (47) 
southern 

#flounder (43a) 
most (52) 
spade 

bone (48) 
fish (48) 
foot (48) 
span 

piece (48) 
worm (48) 
sparerib (48) 
sparpiece (48) 
spatter 

dash (48) 
work (48) 

speak-easy (n.) (46) 


spear 

fish (48) 
head (48) 
man (48) 
wood (48) 
specklebelly (48) 
speckled-bill (n.) (44 d) 
spectro (combining form) 
-electric (58c) 
gram (58a) 
speedway (48) 
spell 

bind (v.) (52) 
binder (45) 
binding (p.) (45) 
bound (p.) (45) 
spend 

thrift (48) 
thrifty (45) 
spick-and-span (44 d) 
spiderwork (48) 
spike 

bill (48) 
horn (48) 
nard (48) 
nose (48) 
tail (48) 
spileworm (48) 
spillway (48) 
spindle 

-legged (49) 

-shanked (49) 

-tailed (49) 
spine 

bill (48) 
tail (48) 
spiny 

-finned (49) 

-rayed (49) 
spiritual 

-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 


spit 

ball (48) 
bailer (45) 
fire (48) 
spitchcock (48) 
splashboard (48) 
splay 

foot (48) 
footed (45) 
mouth (48) 
mouthed (45) 


iplit 

beak (48) 
finger (48) 
mouth (48) 
-tail (446) 
worm (48) 


spoil-sport (446) 
spoils 

man (48) 
monger (48) 
spoke-shave (446) 
spokesman (48) 


spoon 

bill (bird) (48) 
-billed (49) 
drift (48) 
sports 

man (48) 
woman (48) 
spot 

-barred (49) 
light (48) 
sprayboard (48) 
spread-eagle (u.m.) (51) 
sprigtail (48) 
spring 

board (48) 
bok (48) 
finger (48) 
fish (48) 
halt (48) 
head (48) 
tail (48) 
tide (48) 
time (48) 
worm (48) 
sprit 

sail (48) 

-tail (446) 
spur 

gall (48) 

-heeled (49) 

-winged (49) 
spurn water (48) 
spyglass (48) 
square 

flipper (48) 

-headed (49) 

-jointed (49) 

-rigged (49) 

-rigger (446) 

-set (mining) (446) 
tail (48) 

-toed (49) 

-toes (446) 
squawfish (48) 
squint-eyed (49) 
stable 

boy (48) 
man (48) 
stackstand (48) 
staff man (48) 
stag 

-evil (446) 

-headed (49) 

-horned (49) 
hound (48) 
stage 

coach (48) 
craft (48) 
house (48) 

-struck (49) 
stair 

case (48) 
head (48) 
way (48) 
stake 

head (48) 
holder (48) 


208 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


stalemate (48) 
stalk-eyed (49) 
stalking-horse (446) 
stall 

-fed (p.) (45) 

-feed (v.) (44 d) 
-feeding (p.) (45) 
man (48) 
stampsman (48) 
stand 

-by (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-offish (45) 
-offishness (45) 
patter (48) 
pattism (45) 
pipe (48) 
point (48) 
post (48) 
still (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
star 

board (48) 
finch (48) 
fish (48) 
gage (v.) (52) 
gaged (p.) (45) 
gaging (p.) (45) 
gaze (v.) (52) 
gazed (p.) (45) 
gazer (45) 
gazing (p.) (45) 
light (48) 
lit (45) 

nose (mole) (48) 
-nosed (49) 
-spangled (49) 
stone (48) 
throat (48) 

stark-naked (u.m.) (51) 
state 

craft (48) 
house (48) 

-owned (49) 
room (48) 

-wide (44 d) 
statesman (48) 
stavewood (48) 
stay 

lace (48) 
plow (48) 
sail (48) 
stead 

fast (49) 
fastly (45) 
fastness (45) 
steam 

boat (48) 
boating (n.) (45) 
-cut (v.) (44 d) 
-cutting (p.) (45) 
ship (48) 
tight (49) 
tightness (45) 
steel 

head (48) 
work (48) 
yard (48) 


steeple 

chase (48) 
chaser (45) 
chasing (n.) (45) 
-crowned (49) 
steerageway (48) 
steersman (48) 
stem 

-clasping (49) 
-winder (44 d) 
-winding (45) 
step 

-down (u.m.) (51) 
ladder (48) 
stone (48) 

-up (u.m.) (51) 
step (prefix) 
brother (58) 
child (58) 
daughter (58) 
father (58) 
mother (58) 
motherly (58) 
-parent (58c) 
sister (58) 
son (58) 

stepping stone (43a) 
stereo (combining form) 
chemistry (58a) 
stern 

foremost (49) 
most (49) 
post (48) 
ward (58) 
way (48) 

-wheeler (44 d) 
stew 

pan (48) 
pot (48) 
stickleback (48) 
sticktail (48) 
stiff 

-necked (49) 
-neckedness (45) 
tail (48) 
still 

birth (48) 

-born (49) 

-burn (v.) (44 d) 
—burned (p.) (45) 
—burning (p.) (45) 
—fish (v.) (44d) 
-fished (p.) (45) 
—fisher (45) 

-fishing (p.) (45) 
house (48) 

-hunt (v.) (44 d) 
-hunted (p.) 145) 
-hunting (p.) (45) 
room (48) 
sting 

bull (48) 
fish (48) 
tail (48) 
stink 

bafi (48) 
bird (48) 
bug (48) 


stink—continued 
pot (48) 
stone (48) 
wood (48) 
stitchbird (48) 
stock 

broker (48) 
broking (n.) (48) 
dove (48) 
fish (48) 
holder (48) 
jobber (48) 
jobbing (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
stone (48) 
work (48) 
yard (48) 
stoke 

hold (48) 
hole (48) 
stone 

bird (48) 
bow (48) 
brash (48) 
cutter (48) 
cutting (n.) (48) 
gall (48) 
hand (48) 
hatch (48) 
head (48) 
man (48) 
mason (48) 
pecker (48) 

-shot (n.) (446) 
ware (48) 
wood (48) 
work (48) 
yard (48) 

stone (also functions 
suffix) 

milestone (48) 
stop 

cock (48) 
gap (48) 
hound (48) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-over (n.) (46) 
water (48) 
store 

house (48) 
keeper (48) 
keeping (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
room (48) 
ship (48) 
stork-billed (49) 
storm 

cock (48) 
proof (49) 
ward (58) 
wind (48) 
story 

book (48) 

-teller (446) 

-telling (446) 
-writer (446) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


209 


stout 


-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
stow 


-away (n.) (46) 
bord (48) 
-down (n.) (46) 
net (48) 

-wood (446) 
straddle 


-legged (49) 
wise (58) 

straggle-toothed (49) 
straight 
away (49) 

-cut (49) 
edge (48) 
forward (49) 
forwardly (45) 
forwardness (45) 
-line (u.m.) (51) 
-side (u.m.) (51) 
-spoken (49) 
way (52) 
wise (58) 
strait 

-jacket (446) 

-laced (49) 

-lacing (49) 
work (48) 
strandlooper (48) 
strap 
-laid (49) 

-shaped (49) 
work (48) 

strato (combining form) 
cirrus (58a) 
cumulus (58a) 
straw 


-bass (u.m.) (51) 
board (48) 
-colored (49) 
-necked (49) 
-worm (446) 
stream 
#line (43a) 

-lined (49) 
strike-out (n.) (46) 
string 

board (48) 
course (48) 
halt (48) 
place (48) 
wood (48) 
stripleaf (48) 
strokehall (48) 
strokesman (48) 
strong 

hold (48) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedly (45) 
-mindedness (45) 
stub-bred (49) 
stucco 

work (48) 
worker (45) 


stud 

book (48) 
fish (48) 
horse (48) 
mare (48) 
stump 
-bred (49) 

-rooted (49) 

-tailed (49) 
style 

#book (43a) 

#manual (43a) 
sub (prefix) 

-base (58c) 
-basement (58c) 

-bass (58c) 
scribe (58) 
secretary (58) 
subject 
-object (446) 
-objectivity (45) 
suck 

fish (48) 
stone (48) 
suf (prefix) 
suffix (58) 
sugar 

-coated (49) 
house (48) 

-loaf (u.m.) (51) 
plum (48) 
suitcase (48) 
sulpho (combining form) 
carbolic (58a) 

-uvitic (58c) 


summer 


-fallow (v.) (44 d) 
-fallowed (p.) (45) 
-fallowing (p.) (45) 
house (48) 
tide (48) 
time (48) 
tree (48) 

sun 

beam (48) 
bird (48) 
bonnet (48) 
bow (48) 
burn (48) 
burned (45) 
burner (45) 
burst (48) 
-cracked (49) 
cup (48) 
dial (48) 

-dried (p.) (45) 
-dry (v.) (44d) 
-drying (p.) (45) 
fish (48) 
glass (48) 
glow (48) 
light (48) 
lit (45) 
proof (49) 
rise (48) 


sun—continued 
set (48) 

setting (n.) (45) 
shade (48) 
shine (48) 
shiny (45) 
squall (48) 
stone (48) 
stroke (48) 
-struck (49) 
ward (58) 
wise (58) 
super (prefix) 
fine (58) 
supra (prefix) 
-auricular (58c) 
branchial (58) 
-orbital (58c) 
sur (prefix) 
mount (58) 
sure 

-enough (u.m.) (51) 
-footed (49) 

—footedly (45) 
-footedness (45) 
surface 
-bent (49) 
man (48) 

Sprinting (43a) 
surf 

boat (48) 
boatman (48) 
man (48) 
swallow 
tail (48) 
tailed (45) 
swan 

herd (48) 
mark (48) 
neck (48) 
skin (48) 
swansdown (48a) 
swash 

buckler (48) 
buckling (n.) (48) 
^letters (43a) 
way (48) 

sway-backed (49) 
sweat 

band (48) 
shop (48) 
sweep 

stake (48) 
stakes (48) 
washer (48) 
washings (n.) (48) 
sweet 

bread (48) 
heart (48) 
meat (48) 
water (48) 
swell 

fish (48) 
toad (48) 


210 


swift 

-footed (49) 
-handed (49) 
swine 

-chopped (49) 
fish (48) 
herd (48) 
stone (48) 
sty (48) 
swing 

bar (48) 
dingle (48) 
stock (48) 
swingle 
bar (48) 
tail (48) 
switch 

-back (n.) (46) 
board (48) 
man (48) 
sword 
bill (48) 
craft (48) 
fish (48) 
fishing (n.) (45) 
man (48) 

Play (48) 
player (45) 
proof (49) 
-shaped (49) 
smith (48) 
stick (48) 
tail (48) 
swordsman (48) 
sym (prefix) 
metric (58) 
syn (prefix) 
chronic (58) 

T 

-rail (44c) 

-shape (44c) 
-shaped (45) 
table 

cloth (48) 

-cut (49) 
land (48) 
spoon (48) 
spoonful (45) 
ware (48) 
wise (58) 
table d’hote (Fr.) 
tac-au-tac (Fr.) 
tag 

-end (446) 
lock (48) 
tail 

block (48) 
board (48) 
heavy (49) 
-light (446) 
-lamp (446) 
piece (48) 
pin (48) 
race (48) 
rime (48) 

-spin (446) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


tail—continued 
stock (48) 
ward (58) 
tailor-made (49) 
taintworm (48) 
take 

-down (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 

-up (n.) (46) 
taker-off (n.) (46) 
taking-off (n.) (46) 
tale 

bearer (48) 
bearing (n.) (48) 
teller (48) 
talesman (48) 
talkee-talkee (446) 
tallboy (48) 
tallow 

-top (n.) (44 d) 
-topped (45) 
tally 

ho (48) 
man (48) 
wag (48) 
tan 

bark (48) 
yard (48) 
tangent-cut (49) 
tanglefish (48) 
tanyard (48) 
tap 

-rivet (v.) (44e0 
-riveted (p.) (45) 
-riveting (p.) (45) 
room (48) 
tape 

line (48) 
worm (48) 
tar 

heel (48) 
whine (48) 

tarso (combining form) 
metatarsus (58a) 
task 

master (48) 
mistress (48) 
work (48) 
tattletale (48) 
tax 

gatherer (48) 
gathering (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
payer (48) 
paying (n.) (48) 
taxi 

cab (48) 
meter (48) 
tea 

cup (48) 
cupful (48, 58) 
kettle (48) 
pot (48) 
p°y (48) 
spoon (48) 
spoonful (48, 58) 


team 

wise (58) 
work (48) 
tear 

drop (48) 
pit (48) 
te-hee (446) 
tele (combining form) 
graph (58a) 
-iconograph (58c) 
telegraph pole (43a) 
telltale (48) 
ten 

fold (58) 

-forties (n.) (44 d) 
penny (58) 
pins (58) 

-pounder (44 d) 
-sided (49) 

-strike (44 d) 
tender 

foot (48) 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
loin (48) 
tenterhook (48) 
tenthmeter (48) 
tent 

maker (48) 
work (48) 
terneplate (48) 
tete 

-&-t6te (Fr.) 
-de-pont (Fr.) 
tetherball (48) 
text 

book (48) 
writer (48) 
thank 

worthiness (45) 
worthy (49) 
thanks 

giver (48) 
giving (n.) (48) 
thence 

forth (52) 
forward (52) 
there 

about (52) 
after (52) 
at (52) 
for (52) 
fore (52) 
from (52) 
in (52) 
inafter (52) 
inbefore (52) 
into (52) 
of (52) 
on (52) 
out (52) 
to (52) 
tofore (52) 
unto (52) 
upon (52) 


211 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


thermo (combining form) 
battery (58a) 
-inhibitory (58c) 
thick 


-and-thin (u.m.) (51) 
-bedded (49) 
-headed (49) 

*lips 
-set (49) 
thimble 


-eye (fish) (44a) 
rig (48) 
rigger (45) 
thin 


-bedded (49) 

-skinned (49) 
-skinnedness (45) 
thing 

hood (58) 

# in itself 

thing (also functions as 
suffix) 

plaything (48) 
third 


-class (44 d) 

-rate (44 d) 

-rater (45) 
thorough 
-brace (446) 
bred (54) 
fare (48) 
foot (48) 

-going (49) 

-paced (49) 
pin (48) 
thousand 
fold (58) 

-headed (49) 
thrall-less (58c) 
thread 

bare (49) 
fin (48) 
fish (48) 

-shaped (49) 
worm (48) 
three 

-bagger (44 d) 
-cornered (49) 
-cycle (n.) (446) 
—decker (44 d) 
fold (58) 

—master (44 d) 
pence (48) 
penny (48) 

-plier (44c?) 
-quarter (u.m.) (51) 
#quarters (56) 
score (49) 
some (58) 

-spread (49) 
throat 

band (48) 
lash (48) 
latch (48) 
throw 

-back (n.) (46) 

-off (n.) (46) 
thrum-eyed (49) 


thumb 
#nail (43a) 
print (48) 
screw (48) 
stall (48) 
thunder 
bird (48) 
bolt (48) 
clap (48) 
cloud (48) 
fish (48) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
proof (49) 
stroke (48) 
worm (48) 

thyro (combining form) 
-arytenoid (58c) 
-epiglottic (58c) 
hyoid (58a) 
tic 

-douloureux (Fr.) 

—non-douloureux (Fr.) 
-polonga (Ceylon) 
tick 

-tack (446) 

-tack-too (46) 
tiddledywinks (48) 
tide 

land (48) 
race (48) 
waiter (48) 
water (48) 
way (48) 
tidesman (48) 
tie 

-back (n.) (46) 
bar (48) 
beam (48) 
plate (48) 
plater (45) 
rod (48) 

-tie (446) 

-up (n.) (46) 

-wig (446) 
tile 

#drain (43a) 
fish (48) 
stone (48) 
tilt 

board (48) 
yard (48) 
timber 

head (48) 
land (48) 
man (48) 
work (48) 
time 

keeper (48) 
piece (48) 
pleaser (48) 
saver (48) 
saving (n.) (48) 
server (48) 
serving (n.) (48) 
taker (48) 
work (48) 

-worn (49) 


tin 

-clad (49) 

#foil (43a) 

-foil (v.) (44c?) 
-foiled (p.) (45) 
-foiling (p.) (45) 
man (48) 

-plate (v.) (44c?) 
-plated (p.) (45) 
-plating (p.) (45) 
smith (48) 
smithing (n.) (45) 
stone (48) 
type (48) 
ware (48) 
tip 

burn (48) 
cat (48) 
staff (48) 
stock (48) 
tilt (v.) (52) 
tilted (p.) (45) 
tilting (p.) (45) 
toe (48) 
top (48) 
tit 

bit (48) 
lark (48) 
mouse (48) 
title page (43a) 
tittle-tattle (446) 
to 

-and-fro (44 d) 
day (48) 

-do (446) 
morrow (48) 
night (48) 
toad 

back (48) 
eater (48) 
fish (48) 
stool (48) 
toastmaster (48) 
toe nail (43a) 
toll 

bar (48) 
gate (48) 
house (48) 
man (48) 

tom 

boy (48) 
cat (48) 
cod (48) 
foolery (48) 

-tom (446) 
tombstone (48) 
ton 

-mile (47) 

-mile-day (47) 
tongue 
fish (48) 

-shaped (49) 

-tie (v.) (446) 

-tied (p.) (45) 

-tying (p.) (45) 


212 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


tool 

maker (48) 
man (48) 
smith (48) 
tooth 

ache (48) 
bill (bird) (48) 
-billed (49) 
brush (48) 
-drawing (n.) (446) 
pick (48) 
shell (48) 

-wound (44 d) 
top 

-armor (446) 
block (48) 
boot (48) 
booted (45) 
coat (48) 
drain (48) 
gallant (48) 
heavy (49) 
heaviness (45) 
knot (48) 
man (48) 
mast (48) 
most (52) 
piece (48) 
sail (48) 

-shaped (49) 
side (48) 
soil (48) 
stone (48) 
topsy-turvy (446) 
torch 

bearer (48) 
light (48) 
wood (48) 
torpedoplane (48) 
tortfeasor (48) 
tortoise 

-shell (u.m.) (51) 
wood (48) 
toss-up (n.) (46) 
touch 

-back (n.) (46) 
-down (n.) (46) 
hole (48) 

-in-goal (46) 
pan (48) 
piece (48) 
stone (48) 
wood (48) 
tow 

boat (48) 
head (48) 
headed (45) 
hook (48) 
line (48) 
mast (48) 
net (48) 
path (48) 
rope (48) 
towerman (48) 
towns 

fellow (48) 
folk (48) 
people (48) 


toy 

man (48) 
shop (48) 
track 

barrow (48) 
boat (48) 
hound (48) 
layer (48) 
laying (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
side (48) 
walker (48) 
way (48) 
trade 

#mark (43a) 

-mark (u.m.) (51) 
master (48) 
bunion (43a) 
-unionism (44 d) 
-unionist (44 d) 
trades 

folk (48) 
man (48) 
people 
#union (43a) 
-unionism (44 d) 
-unionist (44 d) 
woman (48) 
tragi (combining form) 
comedy (58a) 
comic (58a) 
train 

band (48) 
bearer (48) 
bolt (48) 
load (48) 
man (48) 
way (48) 

training camp (43a) 
tram 

car (48) 
pot (48) 
road (48) 
way (48) 
trans (prefix) 
ship (58) 
trap 

ball (48) 
door (48) 
fah (48) 
stick (48) 
awl 

boat (48) 
net (48) 

trawlerman (48) 
tread 

board (48) 
mill (48) 
wheel (48) 
treasure-trove (446) 
treble 

-geared (49) 
-sinewed (49) 
tree (48) 
trelliswork (48) 


trench 

plow (v.) (52) 
plowed (p.) (45) 
plowing (p.) (45) 
trestle 
tree (48) 
work (48) 
tribes 

man (48) 
people (48) 
tri (prefix) 
color (58) 
trick-track (446) 
trolleyman (48) 
troopship (48) 
trotline (48) 
trou-de-loup (Fr.) 
trout-colored (49) 
trucebreaker (48) 
truckle bed (43a) 
truckman (48) 
true 

-born (49) 

-bred (49) 
-derived (49) 
-devoted (49) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
trumpet 
-shaped (49) 
-tongued (49) 
wood (48) 
trundle 
#bed (43a) 
head (48) 
tail (48) 
trunk 

back (turtle) (48) 
fish (48) 
hatch (48) 
hatchway (48) 
nose (48) 
way (48) 
trusswork (48) 
truth 

-lover (446) 

-teller (446) 
-telling (446) 
try 

-house (446) 

-out (n.) (46) 

-pot (446) 
sail (48) 

-square (446) 
-works (446) 
tub-sized (49) 
tube-nosed (49) 
tuft 

hunter (48) 
hunting (n.) (48) 
tugboat (48) 
tulipwood (48) 
tumble 
bug (48) 

-down (n.) (46) 
turfman (48) 
turkeytrot (48) 



turn 

-about (n.) (46) 
buckle (48) 
cap (48) 
coat (48) 
cock (48) 

-down (n.) (46) 
key (48) 

-out (n.) (46) 

-over (n.) (46) 
pike (48) 
pin (48) 
plow (48) 
screw (48) 
spit (48) 
stile (48) 
stone (48) 
table (48) 

-up (n.) (46) 
wrest (a.) (49) 
turnip 

-rooted (49) 
wood (48) 
turtle 

back (48) 
dove (48) 

-footed (49) 
tu 

-whit (446) 

-whoo (446) 
tutti-frutti (446) 
twelfth 

-cake (446) 

-day (446) 

-night (446) 
-second (446) 

-tide (446) 
twelve 

fold (58) 
month (48) 
pence (48) 
penny (48) 
score (48) 
twentyfold (58) 
twice-told (49) 
twin 

-born (49) 

-screw (446) 
two 

-cycle (446) 
-decker (446) 
-edged (49) 

-faced (49) 
-facedness (45) 
-flowered (49) 
fold (58) 

-foot (u.m.) (51) 
-forked (49) 
—fronted (49) 
-handed (49) 
-leaved (49) 
-legged (49) 

-line (u.m.) (51) 
-lipped (49) 
-needle (u.m.) (51) 
pence (48) 
penny (48) 

-ply (446) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


two—contin ued 
-pronged (49) 
-rhythm (446) 

-sided (49) 
some (58) 

-spot (446) 

-step (446) 

-thirds (u.m.) (51) 
-up (n.) (46) 

-way (446) 

-wheeler (446) 
type 

-high (446) 
script (48) 
setter (48) 
setting (n.) (48) 
#slugs (43a) 
write (v.) (52) 
writer (45) 
writing (p.) (45) 
written (p.) (45) 

U-boat (44c) 

U-shaped (44c) 
ultra (prefix) 

-agnostic (58c) 
-atomic (58c) 
elliptic (58) 
-intellectual (58c) 
-Martian (58c) 
red (58) 
violet (58) 
un (prefix) 
able (58) 

-American (58c) 
uncalled-for (a.) (44 d) 
uncared-for (a.) (44 d) 
unheard-of (a.) (44 d) 
unhoped-for (a.) (44 d) 
unlooked-for (a.) (44 d) 
unmade-up (a.) (44 d) 
untalked-of (a.) (44 d) 
unthought-of (a.) (44 d) 
under 

bid (v.) (52) 
bidding (p.) (45) 
estimated (49) 
ground (48) 
mine (v.) (52) 
mined (p.) (45) 
mining (p.) (45) 
^secretary (55) 
-secretaryship (55) 
seU (v.) (52) 
selling (p.) (45) 
sold (p.) (45) 
stand (v.) (52) 
standing (p.) (45) 
stood (p.) (45) 
take (v.) (52) 
taking (p.) (45) 
took (p.) (45) 
up 

-along (adv.) (44 d) 
-and-down (a.) (44 d) 
-and-over (a.) (44<2) 
-to-date (a.) (44d) 


213 


up (also functions as pre¬ 
fix) 

lift (58) 
upper 
cut (48) 
most (58) 
urn-shaped (49) 

V-boat (44c) 

V-engine (44c) 

V-shaped (44c) 

V-type (44c) 
vain 

glorious (49) 
gloriously (45) 
gloriousness (45) 
glory (48) 
vanguard (48) 
vase-shaped (49) 
vaso (combining form) 
constrictor (58a) 
-inhibitory (58c) 
vegeto-alkali (58c) 
vein 

stone (48) 
stuff (48) 
velvet 

breast (48) 
plant (48) 
work (48) 
venthole (48) 
ventro (combining form) 
-inguinal (58c) 
lateral (58a) 

Venus’s 
-bath (446) 

-basket (446) 

-comb (446) 

-ear (446) 

-fan (446) 
-flower-basket (46) 
-girdle (446) 

-purse (446) 

-shell (446) 

vertebro (combining form) 
-arterial (58c) 
basilar (58a) 

-iliac (58c) 
vestryman (48) 
vice 

#admiral (55) 
-admiralty (55) 
#chairman (55) 
-chairmanship (55) 
comital (48) 
geral (48) 
gerency (45) 
gerent (48) 

#governor (55) 
-governorship (55) 
#president (55) 
-president-elect (55, 
586) 

-presidency (55) 
regal (48) 
royal (48) 
royalty (45) 


214 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


viewpoint (48) 
vine 

-clad (49) 
dresser (48) 
land (48) 
yard (48) 
yardist (45) 
vis-4-vis (Fr.) 
viseman (48) 
vitreo (combining form) 
-electric (58c) 
graph (58a) 
vitro-di-trina (It.) 
volt 

ammeter (48) 
coulomb (48) 
meter (48) 

volta (combining form) 
-electric (58c) 
meter (58) 
volumescope (48) 
vulvo (combining form) 
-uterine (58c) 
vaginal (58a) 

W-type (44c) 
waddywood (48) 
wage 

work (48) 
worker (45) 
wagon 

-headed (49) 
load (48) 

-roofed (49) 
wright (48) 
wagtail (48) 
wainwright (48) 
waist 

band (48) 
belt (48) 
cloth (48) 
coat (48) 
coating (n.) (45) 
line (48) 
wald 

flute (48) 
grave (48) 
horn (48) 
walk 

-around (n.) (46) 
-away (n.) (46) 

-out (n.) (46) 

-over (n.) (46) 
walking 

-beam (446) 

-wheel (446) 
wall 

-eye (446) 

-eyed (45) 

-sided (49) 
war 

fare (48) 
horse (48) 
mouth (48) 
path (48) 
plane (48) 
ship (48) 


war—continued 
wolf (48) 

-worn (49) 
ward 

robe (48) 
room (48) 
ward (suffix) 

homeward (58) 
ware 

house (48) 
houseman (48) 
room (48) 
warm 

-blooded (49) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedness (45) 
wartyback (48) 
wash 

basin (48) 
board (48) 
bowl (48) 
house (48) 
man (48) 

-out (n.) (46) 
pot (48) 
stand (48) 
strake (48) 
tub (48) 
washer 

man (48) 
woman (48) 
wasp-waisted (49) 
waste 

basket (48) 
board (48) 
weir (48) 
watch 

case (48) 
dog (48) 
maker (48) 
making (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
mate (48) 
tower (48) 
word (48) 
work (48) 
water 

board (48) 

#color (43a) 

-colored (49) 
-colorist (44 d) 
-cooled (49) 
course (48) 
cycle (48) 
fall (48) 
fowl (48) 

#front (43a) 

-fronter (44 d) 

-laid (49) 

-logged (49) 
man (48) 
mark (48) 
melon (48) 
plane (48) 
pot (48) 

proof (n.,a.) (48, 45) 
proofer (45) 


water—continued 
proofing (45) 

-rot (v.) (446) 

-rotted (p.) (45) 
-rotting (p.) (45) 
scape (48) 
shed (48) 
shoot (48) 
side (48) 
skin (48) 

-soak (v.) (446) 

-soaked (p.) (45) 
-soaking (p.) (45) 
spout (48) 
tight (49) 
tightness (45) 
way (48) 
work (48) 

—worn (49) 
wattle 

bird (48) 
work (48) 
wattmeter (48) 
wave 

#length (43a) 

#meter (43a) 
wax 

bill (48) 
bird (48) 

-red (50) 

-stitched (49) 
wing (48) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
way 

beam (48) 
bill (48) 
bird (48) 
bung (48) 
fare (48) 
farer (45) 
faring (n.) (45) 

-going (49) 
goose (48) 
laid (p.) (45) 
lay (v.) (52) 
layer (45) 
laying (p.) (45) 
mark (48) 
post (48) 
side (48) 
ward (58) 
wise (58) 

-worn (49) 

way (also functions as suf¬ 
fix) 

passageway (48) 
weak 

fish (48) 

-minded (49) 
weasel 
-faced (49) 
fish (48) 
weather 

board (48) 
boarding (n.) (45) 
cock (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


215 


weather—continued 
fish (48) 
glass (48) 
most (49) 
proof (49) 

-strip (v.) (44d) 
-stripped (p.) (45) 
-stripping (p.) (45) 
wise (58) 

-worn (49) 
web 

eye (48) 
foot (48) 
worm (48) 
wedge 
bill (48) 

-tailed (49) 
wise (58) 
weedhook (48) 
week-end (446) 
weet-weet (446) 
weigh 

beam (48) 
bridge (48) 
house (48) 
lock (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
well 

-being (446) 

-built (u.m.) (51) 
-disposed (u.m.) (51) 
-doer (446) 

-doing (n.) (446) 
-done (u.m.) (51) 
-groomed (u.m.) (51) 
hole (48) 

-knit (u.m.) (51) 
-known (u.m.) (51) 
nigh (49) 

-phrased (u.m.) (51) 
-planned (u.m.) (51) 
spring (48) 

-wisher (446) 
west-bound (49) 
wet 

-nurse (v.) (44 d) 
-nursed (p.) (45) 
-nursing (p.) (45) 
whale 

back (48) 
boat (48) 
bone (48) 

-built (49) 
head (48) 
man (48) 
wharf 

man (48) 
master (48) 
what 

ever (52) 
not (52) 
soever (52) 
whealworm (48) 
wheat 
ear (48) 
land (48) 
worm (48) 


wheel 

band (48) 
barrow (48) 

-cut (49) 
house (48) 
way (48) 
work (48) 
wright (48) 
wheelsman (48) 
when 

ever (52) 
soever (52) 
whencesoever (52) 
where 

about (52) 
abouts (52) 
as (52) 
at (52) 
by (52) 
fore (52) 
from (52) 
in (52) 
insoever (52) 
into (52) 
of (52) 
on (52) 
soever (52) 
through (52) 
to (52) 
under (52) 
upon (52) 
with (52) 
withal (52) 
wherever (52) 
whetstone (48) 
which 

ever (52) 
soever (52) 
whiffletree (48) 
whip 

cord (48) 
fish (48) 
graft (48) 
lash (48) 

saw (n., v.) (48, 52) 
sawed (p.) (45) 
sawing (p.) (45) 
-shaped (49) 
stitch (n., v.) (48, 52) 
stitched (p.) (45) 
stitching (p.) (45) 
stock (48) 
tail (insect) (48) 
-tailed (49) 
-tom-kelly (46) 
worm (48) 
whipper 
-in (n.) (46) 
snapper (48) 
whirl 

-about (n.) (46) 
pool (48) 
wig (48) 
wind (48) 
whistle 
fish (48) 
wing (48) 
wood (48) 


whit 

leather (48) 
wall (48) 
white 

bait (fish) (48) 
cap (48) 
capper (45) 
coat (seal) (48) 
-collared (49) 

-eye (bird) (44a) 

-eyed (49) 

face (mark, bird) (48) 
-faced (49) 
fish (48) 

foot (mark) (48) 
-footed (49) 
head (goose) (48) 
-headed (49) 
heart (cherry) (48) 
#ribbon 

-ribboner (44 d) 

#rot 

smith (48) 
stone (48) 
tail (48) 
throat (48) 
tip (48) 
vein (48) 

wash (n., v.) (48, 52) 
washed (p.) (45) 
washer (45) 
washing (p.) (45) 
wood (48) 
worm (48) 
whithersoever (52) 
whiz-bang (446) 
who 

so (52) 
soever (52) 
whole 

-colored (49) 

-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
-hoofed (49) 

-length (u.m.) (51) 
-minded (49) 

#number 
sale (49) 
saler (45) 

-skinned (49) 

-souled (49) 
whom 
so (52) 
soever (52) 

whooping cough (43a) 
whore 

master (48) 
monger (48) 
son (48) 

wickerwork (48) 
wide 

-awake (446) 

-spread (49) 
widowhood (58) 


216 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


wife 

-bound (49) 
hood (58) 

-ridden (49) 
wig 

maker (48) 
tail (48) 
wag (48) 
wagger (45) 
wild 

cat (a.) (49) 
catter (45) 
fire (48) 
grave (48) 
wood (48) 
will-less (58c) 
will-o’-the-wisp (46) 
willy-nilly (446) 
wind 

ball (48) 

-blown (49) 
bore (48) 

-bound (49) 
break (48) 
broach (48) 

-broken (49) 
fall (48) 

-fertilization (446) 
-fertilized (49) 
firm (49) 
fish (48) 
gall (48) 
galled (45) 
jammer (48) 
mill (48) 
pipe (48) 
-pollination (446) 
-pollinized (49) 
-rode (49) 
row (n., v.) (48) 
rowed (p.) (45) 
rower (45) 
rowing (p.) (45) 
-shaken (49) 
shield (48) 
storm (48) 
tight (49) 
way (48) 

windowpane (fish) (48) 
wine 

bibber (48) 
bibbing (n.) (48) 
glass (48) 
glassful (48, 58) 
sap (48) 
taster (48) 
wing 

fish (48) 

-shell (446) 

-shot (49) 
winter 

#apple (43a) 

-beaten (49) 

-bound (49) 

-fallow (v.) (446) 
-fallowed (p.) (45) 
-fallowing (p.) (45) 


winter—continued 
-ground (v.) (446) 
-grounded (p.) (45) 
-grounding (p.) (45) 
-kill (v.) (446) 

-killed (p.) (45) 

-killing (p.) (45) 
tide (48) 
time (48) 
wire 

-dancer (43a) 

-dancing (n.) (43a) 
draw (v.) (52) 
drawer (45) 
drawing (p.) (45) 
drawn (p.) (45) 
man (48) 
pull (v.) (52) 
pulled (p.) (45) 
puller (45) 
pulling (p.) (45) 
smith (48) 
way (48) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
working (n.) (45) 
works (48) 
worm (48) 

wireless telegraphy (43a) 
wise 

acre (48) 

-headed (49) 

-hearted (49) 
wise (suffix) 

lengthwise (58) 
wishbone (48) 
wishy-washy (446) 
witch 

craft (48) 
finder (48) 
with (prefix) 
draw (58) 
wither 

band (48) 

-wrung (49) 
wizen-faced (49) 
woe 

begone (49) 

-worn (49) 
wolf 

hound (48) 
skin (48) 
woman 
-born (49) 
hood (58) 
kind (48) 

woman (also functions as 
suffix) 

workwoman (48) 
womenfolk (48) 
wonder 
land (48) 

-stricken (49) 

-struck (49) 
work (48) 
worker (45) 
working (n.) (45) 


wonga-wonga (446) 
wood 

chopper (48) 
cock (48) 
craft (48) 

cut (engraving) (48) 

cutter (48) 

cutting (n.) (48) 

horse (48) 

house (48) 

land (48) 

lander (45) 

man (48) 

pecker (48) 

pile (48) 

ranger (48) 

rock (48) 

shed (48) 

side (48) 

stone (48) 

work (48) 

worker (45) 

working (n.) (45) 

worm (48) 

wood (also functions as 
suffix) 

southernwood (48) 
wooden 
-headed (49) 
-headedness (45) 
ware (48) 
woodsman (48) 
wool 

-dyed (49) 
fell (48) 

gathering (n.) (48) 
grower (48) 
growing (n.) (48) 
man (48) 
pack (48) 
sack (48) 
shed (48) 
sorter (48) 
sower (48) 
stock (48) 
work (48) 
woolly 
-haired (49) 

-headed (49) 
word 

book (48) 

-bound (49) 
monger (48) 
mongering (n.) (45) 
play (48) 
wordsman (48) 
work 

aday (49) 
bag (48) 
basket (48) 
bench (48) 
box (48) 
day (48) 
fellow (48) 
folk (48) 
house (48) 
man (48) 


work—continued 
room (48) 
shop (48) 
table (48) 
wise (58) 
woman (48) 
work (also functions as 
suffix) 

woodwork (48) 
worker (functions as suf¬ 
fix) 

ironworker (48) 
working 
#day (43a) 
man (48) 
world 

-weary (446) 

-wearily (45) 

-wide (446) 
worldly 
-minded (49) 
-mindedness (45) 

-wise (446) 
worm 

-eaten (49) 
hole (48) 
holed (45) 

worm (also functions as 
suffix) 

galleyworm (48) 
worn-out (u.m.) (51) 
worth (suffix) 

pennyworth (58) 
wreckfish (48) 
wright (functions as suf¬ 
fix) 

wheelwright (48) 


GUIDE TO COMPOUNDING 


wring 

bolt (48) 
staff (48) 

wringing-wet (u.m.) (51) 
wrist 

band (48) 
fall (48) 
wrong 

doer (48) 
doing (n.) (48) 

-font (u.m.) (51) 
-headed (49) 
-headedly (45) 
-headedness (45) 
-hearted (49) 
-heartedly (45) 
-heartedness (45) 
-minded (49) 
-mindedly (45) 
-mindedness (45) 
-timed (49) 

X 

-ray (44c) 

-type (44c) 

Y-shaped (44c) 
yachts 

man (48) 
woman (48) 

Yankee 

# Doodle (43a) 
land (48) 
yard 

arm (48) 
man (48) 
master (48) 
stick (48) 


217 

yard (also functions as 
suffix) 

shipyard (48) 
yawl-rigged (49) 
yawmeter (48) 
year 

#book (43a) 

-long (u. m.) (51) 
yeast-bitten (49) 
yellow 

-backed (49) 

-bellied (49) 

-billed (49) 
bird (48) 

-breasted (49) 

-covered (49) 

-crowned (49) 

-eyed (49) 
fish (48) 

hammer (bird) (48) 
-headed (49) 

-rumped (49) 

-shafted (49) 

-tailed (49) 

-throated (49) 

-vented (49) 
yesterday (48) 
yoke 

fellow (48) 
mate (48) 

-toed (49) 
yuletide (48) 

zantewood (48) 
zebrawood (48) 
Zend-Avesta 
zero 

-axial (446) 
-dimensional (446) 











































INDEX 

(Parenthetic references are to rule numbers) 


Abbreviations: Page 

Calendar divisions (72, 73)_ 58 

Capitalization (59)_ 55 

Common, list (74)_ 59 

Compass directions (75)_ 60 

Congressional terms (69-71)_ 58 

Descriptions of tracts of land 

(64)_ 56 

Geographic terms (60-63)_ 56 

Gravity (77)_ 60 

Hyphenation (59)_ 55 

Metric system (79a)_ 61 

Monetary terms (81)_ 61 

Names (65, 66)_ 57 

Names of States (61)_ 56 

Parts of publications (68)_ 58 

Period, use of (59a)_ 55 

Rules (59-81)_55-61 

Spacing (59a)_ 55 

Statutes, references to (71)_ 58 

Tabular work (125-127)_ 79 

Temperature (77)_ 60 

Terms of measure (75-80)_60, 61 

Titles (67)_ 57 

Weights and measures (80)_ 61 

Addresses: 

Capitalization (19)_ 23 

Examples (228-231)_90,91 

Adjectives: 

Compound, use of hyphen (49, 

50)_ 51 

In proper names, capitalization 

(3)-...- 16 

Administrative divisions, names, 

capitalization (7)_ 18 

Aircraft, names, italic (238)- 95 

And so forth (297)- 106 

Apostrophe, use in— 

Possessives (36-41)- 46, 47 

Punctuation (99, 100)- 70 

Appellations, fanciful, capitaliza¬ 
tion (13)_ 20 


Bear-off, tabular work (128)- 79 

Bill style, meaning (247)- 97 

Blank lines, tabular work (129)___ 80 

Box heads, tabular work (130- 

140)_ 80 

Brace, use in punctuation (101) _ _ 70 

Braces, tabular work (141)- 81 

Brackets: 

Italic (243)_ 96 

Use in punctuation (102, 103) __ 70 


Calendar divisions: Page 

Abbreviations (72, 73)_ 58 

Capitalization (9)_ 19 

Capitalization: 

Abbreviations (59)_ 55 

Addresses (19)_ 23 

Adjectives in proper names (3)_ 16 

Calendar divisions (9)_ 19 

Common nouns and adjectives (3). 16 

Countries, domains, and admin¬ 
istrative divisions (7)_ 18, 19 

Definite article in proper names 

(4)- 17 

Derivatives of proper names (2)_ 16 

Fanciful appellations (13)_ 20 

First words (18)_ 23 

Formal usages (18-21)_ 23 

Guide_24-40 

Historic events (10)_ 19 

Historic papers and documents 

(21)_ 23 

Interjections (20)_ 23 

Nouns, common (3-3c)_ 16 

Organized bodies (6)_17, 18 

Particles in names (5)_ 17 

Personifications (14)_ 20 

Plural forms (36)_ 16 

Proper names: 

Definite article in (4)_ 17 

Derivatives (2)_ 16 

Rules (1-15)_ 16-20 

Regions, localities, and geo¬ 
graphic features (8)_ 19 

Religious terms (15)_ 20 

Rules_ 15-23 

Salutations (19)_ 23 

Scientific names (12)_ 20 

Signatures of authors (19)_ 23 

Titles (16, 17)_21,22 

Trade names (11)_ 19 

Center heads: 

Rules (283-288)_ 105 

Spacing (324)_ 108 

Tabular work (142-147)- 81 

Chemical formulas, use of figures 

(85)_ 65 

Chemical symbols (96)- 67 

Ciphers, tabular work (148, 149) _ _ 81 

Citations (289)_ 105 

Coins, foreign- 155 

Colon, use in punctuation (104) — 71 

Columns: 

In leader work (212, 213)- 87 


Reading, tabular work (204-206) 85 

219 


174205°—33-11 












































































INDEX 


220 

Comma, use in— Pa s e 

Numerals (82)_ 63 

Punctuation (105,106)_71-73 

Compass, directions, abbreviations 

(75)_ 60 

Compound idiomatic phrases, 

omission of hyphen (57)- 53 

Compound scientific terms, use of 

hyphen (54)_ 52 

Compound words: 

List_ 165 

Rules (43-58)_ 49-53 

Compounding: 

General rules (43)_ 50 

Use of hyphen (44^54, 56, 585, 

58c)_50-53 

Compounds, other than nouns and 

adjectives (52)_ 52 

Congress, terms relating to, abbre¬ 
viations (69-71)_ 58 

Consonants, doubled in derivatives, 

spelling (42)_ 47 

Continued heads: 

Leader work (214)_ 87 

Tabular work (150, 151)_ 81 

Copy, unprepared (248)_ 97 

Countries, capitalization (7)_18, 19 

Cut-in notes (320, 321)_ 108 

Dash, use in punctuation (107)_ 73 

Dashes, tabular work (152-154) __ 82 

Date columns, tabular work (155- 

160)_ 82 

Date lines, addresses, and signa¬ 
tures, rules (221-236)_89-93 

Dates, use of figures (83)_ 64 

Decimals, use of figures (83)_ 64 

Definite article, capitalization (4)_ 17 

Degrees, use of figures (83)_ 64 

Derivatives: 

Consonants doubled in, spelling 

(42)_ 47 

Proper names, capitalization (2). 16 

Diacritical marks, use (24)_ 43 

Do.: 

Leader work (215)_ 87 

Tabular work (161-169)_ 82 

Documents, capitalization (21)_ 23 

Dollar mark: 

Leader work (216)_ 87 

Tabular work (170, 171)_ 83 

Domains, capitalization (7)_18, 19 

Double-up tables, tabular work 
(172,173)_ 83 

Ellipsis marks, use in punctua¬ 
tion (109)_ 74 

Elliptical compounds, use of hy¬ 
phen (53)_ 52 

Emphasis, italic (237)_ 95 

Enumerations: 

Spelling (90)_ 66 

Use of figures (84)_ 65 

Et cetera, etc. (297)_ 106 

Events, historic, capitalization 

(10)_ 19 

Exclamation point, use in punc¬ 
tuation (110)_ 74 


Page 

Figure columns, tabular work 


(174-179)_ 83 

Figures: 

Chemical formulas (85)_ 65 

Dates (83)_ 64 

Decimals (83)_ 64 

Degrees (83)_ 64 

Enumerations (84)_ 65 

Fractions (86, 87)_ 65 

Market quotations (83)_ 64 

Measurements (83)_ 64 

Money (83)_ 64 

Percentage (83)- 64 

Proportion (83)_ 64 

Quantities (83)_63-65 


See also Numbers. 

Flush heads: 

Leader work (217)- 87 

Tabular work (142-147)_ 81 

Fol., meaning of (244)_ 97 

Fol. lit., meaning of (245)_ 97 

Footnotes: 

Leader work (218)- 87 

Rules (316-318)_ 108 

Tabular work (180-194)_83, 84 

Foreign countries_ 152 

Foreign words, italic (237)_ 95 

Forms, letters illustrating (312) __ 107 
Fractions: 

Spelling (94)_ 66 

Tabular work (195, 196)_ 84 

Use of— 

Figures (86, 87)_ 65 

Hyphen (56)_ 52 

Geographic features, capitalization 

(8)- 19 

Geographic names, spelling (25)_ 43 

Geographic terms, abbreviations 

(60-63)_ 56 

Geologic terms_ 149 

Gothic letters illustrating shapes 

and forms (312)_ 107 

Gravity, abbreviations (77)_ 60 

Headings, rules (283-288)_105 

Headnotes, tabular work (197)_ 85 

Heads, center and side (283-288) _ _ 105 
Historic events, capitalization (10) _ 19 

Historic papers and documents, 

capitalization (21)_ 23 

Hyphen: 

Omission in titles (55)_ 52 

Use in— 

Compound adjectives (49,50) _ 51 

Compound nouns (46-48)_ 51 

Compounding (44-54, 56, 586, 

58c)_50-53 

Elliptical compounds (53)_ 52 

Fractions (56)_ 52 

Prefixes (58)_ 53 

Punctuation (111)_ 74 

Scientific terms (54)_ 52 

Suffixes (58)_ 53 

Unit modifiers (51)_ 52 

Hyphenation, abbreviations (59) _ _ 55 

















































































INDEX 


221 


Page 


Idiomatic phrases, omission of 

hyphen (57)_ 53 

Illustrations, legends (308-311) ___ 107 

Indefinite article, use (32)_ 45 

Indentions (298-301)_ 106 

Indexes (302-305)_ 106, 107 

Interjections, capitalization ( 20 ) __ 23 
Italic: 

Emphasis (237)_ 95 

Foreign words (237)_ 95 

Names of— 

Legal cases (239)_ 95 

Vessels and aircraft (238)_ 95 

Parentheses and brackets (243) _ 96 

Punctuation marks (243)_ 96 

Scientific names (240)_ 95 

Symbols (242)_ 96 

Titles of publications (237)_ 95 

Use (237-243)_ 95, 96 

Words and letters (241, 242)_ 96 

Items, numbered (313)_107 


Page 

Names, abbreviations (65-66)_ 57 

Nouns: 

Common, capitalization (3-3c)_ 16 

Compound, use of hyphen (46- 

48)_ 51 

Nationality, nouns and adjectives. 154 
Numbered paragraphs or items 

(313)_ 107 

Numbers: 

Beginning a sentence, spelling 

( 88 )_ 65 

Expressed in figures (82-87) _. 63-65 
In serious and dignified subjects, 

spelling (89)_ 65 

Related, spelling (92)_ 66 

Round, spelling (93)_ 66 

Spelling (88-94)..65, 66 

See also Figures. 

Numerals: 

Punctuation (82)_ 63 

Rules (82-94)_63-66 


Land, tracts of, descriptions, ab¬ 
breviations (64)_ 56 

Leader work: 

Columns (212, 213)- 87 

Continued heads (214)_ 87 

Ditto (215)_ 87 

Dollar mark (216)_ 87 

Flush heads (217)_ 87 

Footnotes (218)_ 87 

Miscellaneous examples (220) _ _ 88 

Rules (212-220)_87,88 

Subheads (217)_ 87 

Use of units of quantity (219) __ 88 

Leaders, tabular work (198-201) __ 85 

Legal cases, italic, rule (239)- 95 

Legends, beneath illustrations 


Letter-spacing of words, tabular 

work (202)_ 85 

Letter symbols (95)- 67 


Letters: 

Illustrating shapes and forms 

(312)_ 107 

Italic (242)_ 96 

Ligatures, use (23)- 43 

Localities, capitalization ( 8 )- 19 


Market quotations, use of figures 

(83)_ 7 - -— 64 

Measure, terms of, abbreviations 

(75-80)_60,61 

Measurements, use of figures (83) _ 64 

Measures, units of, abbreviations 

( 79 , 80)_60, 61 

Meridians---161 

Metric system, abbreviations (79) _ 60, 61 
Miscellaneous rules (283-325). 105-108 
Money: 

Terms indicating, abbreviations 

(81)_ 61 

Use of figures (83). .. 64 


Organized bodies, names, capital¬ 
ization (6)_ 17, 18 

Overruns, tabular work (203)_ 85 

Paragraphs, numbered (313)_107 

Parentheses: 

Italic (243)_ 96 

Use in punctuation (112, 113). 74, 75 

Percentage, use of figures (83)_ 64 

Period, use in punctuation (114, 

115)_75,76 

Personifications, capitalization 

(14)_ 20 

Physiographic terms_149 

Plural forms (36, 33-35)_ 16, 46 

Possessives (36-41)- 46, 47 

Proper names: 

Capitalization (1-15)- 16-20 

Derivatives of, capitalization 

(2)- 16 

Proportion, use of figures (83)____ 64 

Publications, parts of, abbrevia¬ 
tions (68)_ 58 

Punctuation: 

Marks, italic (243)_ 96 

Rules_69-77 

Single, use (124)_ 77 

Use of: 

Apostrophe (99, 100)- 70 

Brace (101)_ 70 

Brackets (102, 103)_ 70 

Colon (104)_ 71 

Comma (105, 106)- 71-73 

Dash (107)_ 73 

Ellipsis marks (109)- 74 

Exclamation point (110)- 74 

Hyphen (111)- 74 

Parentheses (112, 113)-74, 75 

Period (114, 115)_75, 76 

Question mark (116)- 76 

Quotation marks (117-121). 76, 77 
Semicolon (122, 123)_ 77 










































































222 


INDEX 


Page 

Quantities, use of figures (83) _ _ 63-65 
Quantity, units in: 

Leader work (219)_ 88 

Tabular work (209-211)_85, 86 

Question mark, use in punctuation 

(116)_ 76 

Quotation marks, use in punctua¬ 
tion (117-121)_76, 77 


Reading columns, tabular work 

(204-206)_ 85 

Reference marks (314,315, 319). 107,108 
References, tabular work (ISO- 

194)_83,84 

Regions, names, capitalization (8). 19 

Religious terms, capitalization 

(15)_ 20 

Reprint, meaning (246)_ 97 

Rules, tabular work (152-154)_ 82 


Salutations, capitalization (19)_ 23 

Scientific names: 

Capitalization (12)_ 20 

Italic (240)_ 95 

Scientific terms, use of hyphen 

(54)_ 52 

Semicolon, use in punctuation 

(122,123)_ 77 

Shapes, letters illustrating (312) __ 107 

Side heads (283-285, 288)_ 105 

Sidenotes (320)_ 108 

Signatures: 

Authors’, capitalization (19)_ 23 

Rules (221-224; 232-236), 89, 91-93 

Spacing (322-325)_ 108 

Spelling: 

Consonants doubled in deriva¬ 
tives (42)_ 47 

Diacritical marks (24)_ 43 

Geographic names (25)_ 43 

Plural forms (33-35)_ 46 

Rules and lists (22-42)_41-47 

Transliterations (26)_ 44 

Words ending in—■ 

Cede , ceedy and sede (31)_ 45 

Ible and able (29)_44, 45 

Ise , ize, and yze (30)_ 45 

States, names of, abbreviations 
(61)_ 56 


Statutes, references to, abbrevia¬ 


tions (71)_ 58 

Subheads: 

Leader work (217)_ 87 

Tabular work (142-147)_ 81 

Suffixes, use of hyphens (586)_ 53 

Suggestions to authors and edi¬ 
tors_ 1 

Symbols: 

Chemical (96)_ 67 

Italic (242)_ 96 

Letter (95)_ 67 

Lists (98)_67, 68 

Preparation of_ 6 

Rules (95-98)_67, 68 

Standardized (97)_ 67 


Tables: Page 

In rules (208)_ 85 

Of contents (306, 307)_ 107 

See also Tabular work. 

Tabular work: 

Abbreviations (125-127, 210), 79, 86 

Bear-off (128)_ 79 

Blank lines (129)_ 80 

Box heads (130-140)_ 80 

Braces (141)_ 81 

Center heads, flush heads, and 

subheads (142-147)_ 81 

Ciphers (148, 149)_ 81 

Continued heads (150, 151)_ 81 

Dashes or rules (152-154)_ 82 

Date columns (155-160)_ 82 

Ditto marks (169)_ 82 

Rules (161-169)_ 82 

Do. (161-168)_ 82 

Dollar mark (170, 171)_ 83 

Double-up tables (172, 173)_ 83 

Figure columns (174-179)_ 83 

Footnotes and references (ISO- 

194)_83,84 

Fractions (195, 196)_ 84 

Headnotes (197)_ 85 

Leaders (198-201)_ 85 

Letter spacing of words (202) _ _ 85 

Overruns (203)_ 85 

Reading columns (204-206)_ 85 

Rules (125-211)_79-86 

Tables in rules (207)_ 85 

Total lines (208)_ 85 

Units of quantity (209-211)__ 85, 86 
Temperature, abbreviations (77) _ _ 60 

Time, use of figures (83)_64, 65 

Titles: 

Abbreviations (67)_ 57 

Of persons, capitalization (16)_ 21 

Of publications: 

Italic (237)_ 95 

Papers, documents, acts, and 

laws, capitalization (17)_ 22 

Omission of hyphen (55)_ 52 

Total lines, tabular work (208)_ 85 

Trade names, capitalization (11)__ 19 

Transliterations, spelling (26)_ 44 

Typographical errors, corrections. 3 

Unit modifiers, use of hyphen (51, 

56)- r _ 52 

Units of quantity: 

Leader work (219)_ 88 

Tabular work (209-211)_85, 86 

Unprepared copy (248)_ 97 

Usages, formal, capitalization 
(18-21)_ 23 


Vessels, names, italic (238)_ 95 

Weights, units of, abbreviations 

(79,80)- 60,61 

Words: 

Compound, list_ 165 

Division (290-296)_ 106 

In phrases, italic (241)_ 96 


o 















































































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